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A 


Latin  Exeroise-Boor: 


ESPECIALLY  ADAPTED  TO 


Gildersleeve s  Latin 


Grammar; 


'.VITII  PARALLEL  REFERENCES  TO  THE  GRAMMARS  OF  ALLEN  AND 
GREENOUGH;  ANDREWS  AND  STODDARD  ;  BULLIONS  AND 
MORRIS  ;  AND  HAIIKNESS. 


BY  \ 

B.  L.  GILDERSLEEVE,  Ph.D.  (Gottingen),  LL.D., 

Professor  of  Greek  in  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore ,  and  late  Professor 

in  the  University  of  Virginia. 


CHESTNUT  HILL.  MASS 
UNIVERSITY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY, 


NEW  YORK  AND  NEW  ORLEANS. 

,9C5 


Sntered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1871,  by  the 
UNIVERSITY  PUBLISHING  COMPANY, 

Uthe  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington 

2853 


143389 


PREFACE. 


In  the  preparation  of  the  first  three  courses  of  this  little 
manual,  I  have  followed  in  the  main  the  guidance  of  Pi\>f.  J. 
Lattmann,  an  experienced  teacher  of  boys,  whose  Lateini - 
sches  Uebungsbuch  commends  itself  to  my  judgment  as  an  ex¬ 
cellent  introduction  to  the  study  of  Latin.  The  fourth  course 
has  been  compiled  from  various  sources. 

This  new  edition  of  the  Latin  Exercise-Book  has  been 
brought  into  substantial  harmony  with  the  revised  edition  of 
my  Latin  Grammar.  In  order  to  make  the  exercises  more 
generally  useful,  I  have  added,  wherever  it  seemed  practicable, 
references  to  the  grammars  of  Allen  and  Greenough,  An¬ 
drews  and  Stoddard,  Bullions  and  Morris,  and  Harkness. 
These  references  begin  with  the  second  course  and  embrace 
the  leading  phenomena  of  Latin  Syntax.  The  special  refer¬ 
ences  in  the  text  are  briefly  explained  at  the  back  of  the 
book. 

B.  L.  Gildersleevr. 

Uhiyirsity  ot  Virginia,  April,  1873. 

A.  =  Allen  and  Greenough. 

A.  and  S.  =  Andrews  and  Stoddard. 

B.  =  Bullions  and  Morris. 

G.  or  Gr.  =  Qildersleeve. 

H.  =  Harkness. 


CONTENTS. 


FIRST  COURSE. 

PART  I. 


Vocabulary . 

1.  Names  of  Persons . 

2.  Names  of  Animals . 

3.  Names  of  Things . . . 

4.  Adjectives . 

Chapter 

I.  First  and  Second  Declensions . 

II.  Conjugation  of  Sum . 

III.  Active  Voice  of  the  First  Conjugation . 

IV.  Third  Declension . 

V.  Second  Conjugation . 

VI.  Stem  in  s.  (Third  Declension) . 

VII.  Third  Conjugation . . 

VIII.  Mute  Stems,  (Third  Declension) . 

IX.  Parisyllabic  Vowel  Stems.  (Third  Declension) 

X.  Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension . 

XI.  “  “  “  “ 

XII.  Comparison  of  Adjectives . 

XIII.  Fourth  Declension . 

XIV.  Fifth  Declension . 

XV.  Fourth  Conjugation . 

PART  II. 


PABB 

7 

7 

9 

6 

10 

11 

11 

12 

14 

,  16 
17 
,  lb 
20 
22 
,  24 

25 

26 

27 

28 
20 


XVI.  Remarks  on  the  First  and  Second  Declensions .  30 

XVII.  Conjugation  of  Esse.  First  Conjugation .  80 

XVIII.  Optative  Subjunctive. — Wishes . 32 

XIX.  Second  Conjugation .  34 

XX.  Rules  of  Gender  of  the  Stems  in  l,  n,  r,  and  s,  with  the 

Exceptions . 36 

XXI.  Prepositions  with  the  Accusative.  (Partial  View) .  37 

XXII.  Prepositions  with  the  Ablative.  (Partial  View) .  36 

XXIII.  Time,  when.  Time,  how  long .  38 

XXIV.  Third  Conjugation .  39 

XXV.  Fourth  Conjugation . 44 

XXVI.  Pronouns . 44 

XXVII  Adsum,  absum,  prOsum,  possum .  46 

XXVII 1.  Imperative . ' .  46 

XXIX.  Deponent  Verbs .  48 

XXX.  Formation  of  Adverbs . . .  ...  54 


CONTENTS. 


5 


CHAPTER 

XXXI.  Numerals . . 

XXXI I.  Irregular  Verbs  . . . . . . 

XXXIII.  Neuter  Adjectives  and  Pronouns 
XXXIV.  Numerals . 


SECOND  COURSE. 


PAQl 

54 

55 

56 
5? 


XXXV.  Whither  ?  Where  ?  Whence  ? . 51) 

XXXVI.  Accusative  and  Infinitive .  60 

XXXVII.  Dependent  Interrogatives .  62 

KXXVIII.  Determinative  and  Reflexive .  63 

XXXIX.  Sentences  of  Design .  64 

XL.  Sentences  of  Tendency  and  Result .  65 

XLI.  Miscellaneous  Examples.  Accusative  and  Infinitive. — 

Sentences  of  Design  and  Result .  65 

XLII.  Ablative  Absolute .  66 

XLIII.  Double  Accusative .  68 

XLIV.  Prepositions  with  the  Accusative .  69 

XLV.  Dative .  70 

XL VI.  Construction  of  Sundry  Adjectives .  73 

XL VII.  Genitive  with  Nouns-Substantive .  73 

XL VIII.  Genitive  with  Adjectives  and  Verbs .  ...  75 

XLIX.  Ablative  (Superlative) .  77 

L.  Ablative  with  Sundry  Verbs .  78 

LI.  Prepositions  with  the  Ablative .  79 

LIl.  Prepositions  with  Accusative  and  Ablative .  80 

LIII.  Miscellaneous  Prepositions .  80 

LIV.  Infinitive  and  Gerund .  81 

LV.  Gerundive .  82 

LVI.  Copulative  Verbs .  82 

LVII.  Two  Accusatives .  83 

LVIII.  Predicative  Attribution  and  Apposition . . .  84 

LIX.  Accusative  and  Infinitive .  86 

LX.  Relative  Clauses .  87 


THIRD  COURSE. 

PART  I. 


LXI.  Accusative .  88 

LXII.  Dative . 89 

LXI1I.  Genitive .  90 

LXIV.  Interest  and  Refer! .  96 

LXV.  Ablative .  97 


6 


CONTENTS. 


PART  II 

CHAPTER  „A«, 

LXVI.  Predication .  . 108 

LXVII.  Infinitive .  Ill 

LXVIII.  Gerund  and  Gerundive .  114 

LXIX.  Supine .  H7 

LXX.  Imperfect . 

LXXI.  Future  and  Future  Perfect .  llg 

LXXIl.  Indirect  Question . .  ng 

LXXIII.  Reflexive  Pronoun .  12(1 

LXXIV.  Miscellaneous  Exercises.  (On  the  Cases) .  121 

FOURTH  COURSE. 

SYNTAX  OF  THE  VERB. 

THE  COMPOUND  SENTENCE. 

LXXV  Interrogative  Sentences .  127 

lxxvl  “  “  . !. ..!.!!!. *.!!!!  128 

LXXVII.  “  “  . [129 

LXXYIII.  Non  dubito  quin .  129 

LXXIX.  Verbs  of  Emotion .  130 

LXXX.  Sentences  of  Design .  131 

LXXXI.  “  “  .  132 

LXXXII.  Verbs  of  Hindering . 133 

LXXXIII.  Verbs  of  Fearing .  133 

LXXXIV.  Sentences  of  Tendency  and  Result . 133 

LXXXV.  “  “  “  .  134 

LXXXVI.  Temporal  Sentences.  Antecedent  Action .  135 

LXXXVII.  Temporal  Sentences.  (1)  Contemporaneous  Action. 

(2)  Subsequent  Action . .  137 

LXXXVIII.  Temporal  Sentences  :  Quum .  139 

LXXXIX.  Conditional  Sentences .  140 

XC.  Conditional  Sentences .  142 

XCI.  Concessive  Sentences .  143 

XCII.  Relative  Sentences . .  144 

XCIII.  Object  and  Causal  Sentences .  150 

XCIV.  Comparative  Sentences . .  152 

XCV.  Comparative  Sentences  with  Quam .  15g 

XCVI.  Or&tio  Obllqua .  153 

XCVII.  “  “  .  15fl 

XCV  III.  Participial  Sentences .  159 

XCIX.  To . 160 

C.  Without .  161 

(T.  Tenses  in  Letters .  162 


First  Course 


part  i. 

VOCABULARY. 


fg^TO  BB  LEARNED  BT  HBABT. 


Rules  of  Gender,  Gr.  18-20 — First  and  Second  Declension. 


1.  Names  op  Persons. 


Deus, 

God. 

reglna, 

queen. 

pater  (patris,  3), 

father. 

populus, 

people. 

mater  (matris,  3), 

mother 

medicus, 

physician. 

parentes,  3, 

parents. 

magister  (magistri), 

teacher. 

filius, 

son. 

discipulus, 

scholar. 

fllia, 

daughter. 

nuntius, 

messenger. 

llberl, 

children. 

tabellarius, 

postman. 

frater  (fratris,  3), 

brother. 

faber  (fabrl), 

carpenter. 

soror,  3, 

sister. 

rhsticus, 

countryman 

ayus, 

grandfather. 

pastor,  3, 

herdsman. 

avia, 

grandmother. 

venator,  3, 

hunter. 

avunculus, 

(  unde  (mother’s 

mercator,  3, 

merchant. 

t  brother). 

uxor,  3, 

wife. 

matertera,  < 

[  aunt  (mother’s 

scrlba, 

clerk. 

1  sister). 

nauta, 

sailor. 

puer, 

boy. 

poeta, 

poet. 

puella, 

girl. 

agricola,  ■ 

( farmer , 

vir  (virl), 

man. 

!  peasant. 

femina, 

woman. 

aurlga, 

driver. 

senex  (senis,  3), 

old  man. 

juvenis,  3, 

youth. 

COMMON  GENDER. 

Virgo,  3, 

maiden. 

con  viva,  m.  &  f., 

guest. 

dominus, 

famulus 

master. 

man-servant. 

conjux,  3  (conjugis), 

(  spouse  (hus 
(  band,  wife) 

ancilla. 

maid-servant 

dux, 

leader. 

servus, 

serva, 

male  slave, 
female  slave. 

sacerdSs,  3  (sacerdOtis), 

j  priest , 

( priestess. 

socius, 

partner. 

custife, 

guardian 

rGx  (rBgis,  3) 

king. 

dvia, 

oitiaen. 

8 


VOCABULARY. 


2.  Names  of  Animals. 


bestia, 

beast. 

aquila, 

eagle. 

fera, 

wild  beast. 

cicOnia, 

stork. 

gall  us, 

cock. 

corvus, 

raven. 

galllna, 

hen. 

musca, 

M 

pullus, 

chicken ,  young. 

formica, 

ant. 

taurus, 

bull. 

rana, 

frog. 

vacca, 

cow. 

coluber,  colubra,  snake. 

kircus, 

he-goat. 

cervus, 

stag ,  hart 

capra, 

she-goat. 

cerva, 

doe ,  hind 

equus, 

horse. 

lupus, 

wolf. 

asinus, 

ass. 

ursus, 

bear. 

agnus, 

lamb. 

aper,  aprl, 

wild  boar 

catulus, 

whelp,  puppy. 

leo,  3, 

lion. 

columba 

pigeon. 

leaena, 

lioness. 

luscinia, 

nightingale. 

elephantus, 

elephant 

stumu8, 

starling. 

graculus, 

jackdaw. 

3.  Names 

of  Things. 

a.  CONCRETE. 

terra, 

ea/rth. 

oculus, 

eye. 

caelum, 

sky. 

nasus, 

nose. 

stella, 

star. 

barba, 

beard. 

schola, 

school. 

digitus, 

finger. 

penna, 

feather  { pen 

collum, 

neck. 

liber  (librl), 

book. 

cibus, 

food. 

tabula, 

tablet ,  slate. 

pecunia, 

money. 

epistola, 

letter. 

animus, 

spirit,  temper* 

5ra, 

altar. 

anima, 

breath,  soul 

templum, 

temple. 

mundus, 

world. 

fenestra, 

window. 

ventus, 

wind. 

porta, 

gate ,  door. 

culter,  cultrl, 

knife. 

silva, 

wood,  forest 

vlnum, 

wine. 

campus, 

field. 

bellum, 

war. 

herba, 

herb,  grass 

corOna, 

wreath. 

folium, 

leaf. 

umbra, 

shadow. 

ramus, 

branch. 

pictiira, 

picture 

aqua, 

water. 

viola, 

violet. 

fluvius, 

river. 

vestigium, 

track 

rlvus,  rivulus, 

brook. 

hOra, 

funi) 

pratum, 

meadow. 

spBlunca, 

ca/u 

vie  us, 

village . 

sagitta. 

arrow 

V  OCABULABY. 


9 


oppidum, 

tmvn. 

lacrima, 

tear. 

patria, 

country,  native  land. 

laqueus, 

rope,  snare  noose 

fossa. 

ditch. 

dorsum, 

back. 

nidus. 

nest. 

frenum, 

rein. 

Ovum, 

ostium, 

door. 

b.  ABSTRACT. 

vita, 

life. 

damnum, 

disadvantage ,  loss. 

Ira, 

anger. 

Otium, 

ease. 

rixa, 

strife. 

negotium, 

business,  occupation 

pugna, 

fight. 

consilium, 

advice. 

fuga, 

flight. 

auxilium, 

aid. 

forma, 

shape. 

praemium, 

reward. 

poena, 

punishment. 

amor,  3, 

love. 

venia, 

permission ,  pardon. 

timor,  3, 

fear. 

fortuna, 

luck. 

labor,  3, 

toil. 

culpa, 

blame. 

ordo,  3, 

order,  rank. 

f&ma, 

fame ,  rumor,  reputation. 

spBs,  5, 

hope. 

cura, 

care. 

miseria, 

wretchedness. 

gloria, 

glory. 

amlcitia, 

friendship. 

cSpia, 

abundance 

inimlcitia, 

enmity. 

ludus, 

game. 

diligentia, 

carefulness ,  diligence. 

dolus, 

craft,  trick. 

industria, 

energy,  industry. 

morbus, 

disease,  sickness. 

pigritia, 

laziness. 

somnus, 

sleep. 

jtistitia, 

justice. 

nuntius, 

message. 

modestia, 

moderation ,  modesty. 

modus, 

manner. 

stultitia, 

stupidity  ? folly. 

odium, 

hate. 

concordia, 

concord. 

gaudium, 

joy. 

audficia, 

boldness. 

studium, 

zeal. 

invidia, 

envy. 

mitium, 

beginning. 

liber  tas,  3, 

freedom. 

vitium, 

fault. 

sapientia, 

wisdom. 

imperium, 

command. 

yictdria, 

victory. 

officium, 

duty. 

custOdia, 

custody,  prison. 

perlculum, 

danger. 

praeceptum,  precept. 

commbdum,  advantage ,  profit. 

valetudo, 

health  (f  ften  ill  health) 

Exceptions  in  Gender 

. — Feminines 

i  in  us. 

alvus, 

belly. 

methodus,  method. 

colus, 

distaff. 

periodus,  period. 

humus, 

ground. 

dialectus,  dialect. 

atomus, 

atom. 

diametrus,  diameter 

paragraphus, 

paragra/ph. 

1* 


10 


VOCABULARY 


4.  Adjectives. 


bonus, 

good. 

ferns, 

wild. 

malus, 

bad. 

varius, 

various 

magnus, 

great. 

multus, 

much ,  man% 

parvus, 

email,  little. 

primus, 

first. 

sfinus, 

sound. 

optimus, 

best. 

aegrOtus 

sick. 

maximus. 

greatest 

probus, 

upright. 

altus, 

high. 

improbus, 

wicked,  naughty. 

prftfundus, 

deep. 

verus, 

true. 

longus, 

long. 

falsus, 

false. 

latus, 

broad. 

eautus, 

wary ,  cautious. 

crassus, 

thick. 

incautus, 

unwary,  careless. 

beatus, 

blessed 

callidus, 

sly. 

albus, 

white. 

stultus, 

stupid,  foolish. 

sSdulus, 

industrious. 

novus, 

new. 

piger,  gra,  gram, 

lazy.  .  > 

antlquus, 

old,  ancient. 

niger,  gra,  grum, 

black. 

plenus, 

full. 

aeger,  gra,  grum, 

sick. 

vacuus, 

empty. 

pulcher,  chra,  chrum,  beautiful. 

jbcundus, 

agreeable. 

mber,  bra,  brum, 

red. 

molestus, 

burdensome,  disagreeable. 

sacer,  era,  crura, 

sacred. 

laetus, 

maestus, 

glad. 

sad. 

sinister,  tra,  trum, 

on  the  left. 

mOrdsus, 

soar  {-tempered). 

vesper,  erl, 

evening. 

cams, 

dear. 

socer,  erl, 

father-in -lau 

odiOsus, 

hateful. 

gener,  erl, 

son-in-law. 

superbus, 

haughty,  overbearing. 

miser,  era,  erum, 

wretched. 

modestus, 

modest,  moderate. 

asper,  “  “ 

rough. 

gratus, 

thankful ,  acceptable. 

prosper/*  “ 

prosperous. 

clams, 

clear ,  loud,  renowned. 

tener,  “  “ 

tender 

pius, 

pious,  dutiful. 

liber,  “ 

free. 

timidus, 

fearful,  timid. 

lacer,  “  “ 

tom. 

validus, 

strong. 

adulter,  erl, 

adulterer. 

flrmus, 

fast ,  firm. 

dexter,  tera,  temm, 

j-  on  the  right. 

jflstus. 

just. 

and  tra,  tram, 

gcnerOsua 

noble-spirited,  gentlemanly.  - 

aevSras, 

strict . 

signifer,  erl, 

j standard 

avflrus, 

covetous. 

(  bearer. 

propinquus, 

near. 

armiger,  erl, 

armor -bearer 

dlversus, 

different. 

— 

regius, 

royal. 

meus,  mea,  meum, 

mine. 

actltus, 

eximius, 

sharp,  pointed, 
distinguished. 

luus,  tua,  tuum, 

thine. 

FIRST  AND  SECOND  DECLENSIONS. - CONJUGATION  OF  SUM.  11 


■uus,  sua,  suum, 

ndster,  tra,  tram, 
vester,  tra,  tram, 


Am,  her,  its , 
(reflexive). 
our . 
your. 


their  nullus,  a,  um, 
solus,  a,  um, 
totus,  a,  um, 
alius,  a,  ud, 
uter,  tra,  tram, 


Onus,  a,  um,  one. 

ullus,  a,  um,  any. 


alter,  tera,  terum, 
neuter,  tra,  tram, 


none. 

sole. 

whole. 

other. 

which  of  two. 
the  other  (of 
two). 
neither. 


L  First  and  Second  Declensions. 

5.  The  adjective  attribute  agrees  with  its  substantive  in  gender,  nuni* 
ber,  and  case. 


Decline — 

barba  longa,  the  long  heard. 

equus  albus,  the  white  horse. 

collum  longum,  the  long  neck. 

6.  The  Possessive  Genitive: 


puer  piger,  the  lazy  hoy. 

poeta  clSrus,  the  famous  poet. 

vir  bonus,  a  good  man. 


barba  longa, 

equus  albus,  dominl  superbl,  of  the  haughty  master. 

collum  longum, 


7.  The  great  fame  of  the  good  queen.  The  burdensome  cares 
of  the  wretched  sailors.  My  son’s  little  book.  The  black 
slates  of  the  lazy  scholars.  The  long  necks  of  the  white 
storks.  The  beautiful  beard  of  the  black  goat.  The  rough 
fingers  of  the  strong  farmer. 


II.  Conjugation  of  SUM.  Gr.  112. 

8.  Predicate  and  Copula:  G.  192,  193,  196. 


SUBJECT.  PREDICATE. 

Poeta  est  clSrus. 
Poetae  sunt  clarl. 

sum  lsetus. 

I  am  glad. 

Ego  sum  magnus. 
Ego  sum  magna. 
Piger  es. 
Pigra  es. 


SUBJECT.  PREDICATE. 

Regina  est  clara. 
Reglnae  sunt  clarae. 

sum  puer. 

I  am  a  hoy. 

Nos  sumus  magnl. 
Nos  sumus  magnae 
Pigrl  estis. 
Pigrae  estis. 


SUBJECT.  PREDICATE 

Bellum  est  clarum. 
Bella  sunt  clara. 

estis  puerl. 
Ton  are  boys. 


12 


ACTIVE  VOICE  OF  THE  FIRST  CONJUGATION. 


9.  BonI  sunt  beatl,  improbl  Bunt  miserL 
Pater  meus  est  rtlsticus.  Soror  amici  mei  est  conjux  poetae. 
Sumus  discipuli.  Tu  es  filius  domini,  nos  sumus  servL 
Discipull  non  fuerunt  sedulL 
Beatl  eritis,  pueri!  Beatae  eritis,  puellae  1 

la  ddie  world  is  great,  the  altar  is  great,  the  temple  is  great. 
We  are  great,  you  are  small.  We  were  friends.  1  am  a  slave, 
you  are  the  sons  of  my  master.  The  feathers  of  the  raven  are 
black.  The  new  scholars  are  timid.  The  beautiful  girls  have 
been  sick.  Thou  wilt  be  thankful. 


III.  Active  Voice  of  the  First  Conjugation.  Gr.  119-120. 

The  Accusative  is  called  the  Direct,  and  the  Dative  the  Indirect  Object, 


l  l.  SUBJECT. 

PREDICATE. 

OBJECT. 

magister 

laud  at 

discipulum. 

magister 

laudat 

discipulos. 

magistrl 

laudant 

discipulum.- 

magistr! 

laudant 

discipulos. 

laudo 

discipulum. 

ama 

amlcos. 

magister  severus 

vituperat 

discipulum  pigrum. 

12.  SUBJECT. 

PREDICATE. 

DIRECT  OBJECT.  INDIRECT  OBJECT. 

puer 

donat 

librum  amlco. 

puer  gratus 

donat 

xibrum  pulchrum  amlco  car(5. 

discipulus 

obtemperat  (is  obedient )  magistro. 

obtempera 

praeceptis  magistrl 

13.  Vocabulary: 

laudare,  to  praise. 

dllaniare,  to  tear  in  pieces. 

vituperare, 

blame. 

d&re,  give  (do  dedl  d&tum) 

clamare, 

cry  (aloud). 

dOnare,  present. 

portSre, 

carry. 

narrare,  narrate ,  tell. 

vocare, 

call. 

monstrare,  point  out. 

dSvorare, 

devour . 

parare,  get  ready ,  prepare. 

necare, 

kill. 

mu  tare,  change. 

vitare, 

shun. 

suporare,  overcome ,  surpass 

servare, 

preserve. 

fugare,  put  to  flight. 

dslectare, 

delight. 

collocare,  set  up,  post. 

pugnare, 

fight. 

llberare,  free. 

expugnare, 

to  take,  carry  ( a  city). 

ornare,  adorn,  f urnish. 

curare, 

take  care  of. 

postulare,  demand 

cor  on  are, 

crown. 

putare,  think. 

DIRECT  OBJECT. - INDIRECT  OBJECT, 


13 


14.  Analyze  the  following  examples  : 

Lupl  devorant  agnos.  Lupl  ferl  devoraverunt  agnos  parvOs. 
Vocavl  amicum  meum.  Portatis  librum  puerl  aegrotl.  Portate 
librum  puerl  aegrotl.  Parentes  pil  nautae  misero  dona  multa 
dabant.  Agricola  gratus  fllio  magistrl  agnum  donavit.  Date 
pecuniam  fllio  misero  nautae  aegrotl. 

15.  Translate  the  following  sentences  into  Latin: 

|5^”The  possessive  pronpun  is  not  expressed  unless  emphatic. 

(1.)  Direct  Object  :  The  boy  is  killing  the  fly.  We  are 
carrying  a  slate,  a  book,  a  pen.  The  girl  was  nursing  (curare) 
[her]  sick  grandfather.  Strong  men  will  overcome  dangers. 
The  teacher  will  praise  the  good  scholar,  will  blame  the  bad 
[one].  You  demand  reward  and  (et)  glory.  Preserve  the 
good  reputation  of  the  school.  Why  (cur)  have  you  killed  the 
ants?  O  careless  boy,  you  are  devouring  unwholesome 
[=  bad]  food.  Call  the  physician,  the  master’s  daughter  is 
sick.  The  naughty  boys  had  killed  the  nightingale. 

(2.)  Indirect  Object:  A  kind  uncle  has  given  the  boy  a 
knife  and  books.  The  herdsman  had  shown  the  peasants  the 
tracks  of  the  wolf.  The  herdsman  has  shown  the  boy  a  nest. 
Give  your  friend  the  pigeon’s  eggs.  The  boys  gave  [their] 
mothers  apples.  The  kind  teacher  will  tell  the  good  scholars  a 
pretty  story  (fabula).  The  messenger  announces  to  the  physi¬ 
cian  [his]  master’s  sickness.  The  kind-hearted  master  granted 
(dare)  pardon  to  the  careless  girl.  The  boys  were  not  (non) 
obedient  to  [their]  teacher. 

(3.)  Ablative  as  a  Whence  Case  (Syntax,  §  388):  Thy  help 
has  freed  the  careless  girl  from  danger.  The  kind  teacher  will 
free  the  modest  scholar  from  punishment. 

16.  The  teacher  will  call  attention  to  the  variety  of  position  in  the  Latin  language,  ana 
practise  the  beginner  in  varying  the  order  of  the  words  in  the  Latin  examples.  The 
following  general  principles  may  suffice  at  first : 

I.  The  adjective  follows  its  substantive,  and  so  do  the  equivalents  of  the  adjective 
—genitive  and  the  like. 

II.  The  qualifiers  of  the  verb  precede  the  verb ;  for  instance,  adverbs  and  oblique 
cases  with  or  without  prepositions.  1.  The  adverb  is  put  near  the  verb.  2.  The  indirect 
object  generally  precedes  the  direct  object. 


14 


THIRD  DECLENSION, 


III.  The  reversal  of  the  above  rules  produces  emphasis.  Hence,  the  emphatic  place 
for  the  verb  is  at  the  beginning ;  for  the  object ,  at  the  end  of  a  sentence ;  for  the  ad 
jective ,  before  the  substantive ;  for  the  adverb ,  at  a  distance  from  the  verb ;  for  the 
indirect  object ,  after  the  direct  object.  The  extremes  and  the  means  of  a  sentence  are 
the  points  of  emphasis. 


IV.  Third  Declension. 

17.  Liquid  Stems  in  l  and  n.  Gr.,  §§  40,  42. 

a.  NAMES  OF  PERSONS.  b.  NAMES  OF  ANIMALS. 


latro  (praedo), 

robber . 

draco, 

dragon ,  snake. 

cent&rio, 

centurion  (captain). 

pavo, 

peacock. 

agaso, 

hostler ,  groom. 

liirundo,  inis,  /. 

swallow. 

histrio, 

actor. 

vespertllio,  m. 

bat. 

caupo, 

innkeeper. 

papilio,  m. 

butterfly. 

C.  NAMES  OF  THINGS. 

aquilo,  Onis,  m. 

north  wind. 

imago,  Inis,/. 

likeness ,  image. 

sermo,  Onis,  m. 

talk ,  conversation. 

orlgo,  Inis,  /. 

origin,  source. 

altitQdo, 

height. 

obsidio,  onis,  f. 

siege. 

longitudo, 

length. 

religio, 

religion. 

magnitudo, 

greatness. 

regio, 

region. 

multitudo, 

crowd. 

legio, 

legion. 

fortitudo, 

bravery. 

natio, 

nation. 

sOlitudo, 

solitude. 

opinio, 

opinion. 

pulchritudo, 

beauty. 

occasio, 

occasion. 

consuetudo, 

custom. 

contentio, 

exertion. 

narratio, 

tale ,  narrative. 

flOmen, 

river. 

condicio, 

condition. 

fulmen, 

lightning  (stroke). 

susplcio, 

suspicion. 

lumen, 

light. 

reconciliatio, 

reconciliation. 

ntimen, 

divinity. 

EXCEPTIONS. 

agmen, 

line  of  march . 

caro,  camis,  /. 

flesh. 

carmen, 

poem. 

ordo,  ordinis,  m 

order. 

certamen, 

contest. 

cardo,  inis,  m. 

hinge . 

gramen, 

grass. 

ligo,  Onis,  m. 

mattock. 

turbo,  Inis,  m. 

whirlwind. 

harpago, 

grappling  hook 

sangnis,  Inis,  m. 

blood. 

margo, 

border. 

pollis,  Inis,  m. 

flour. 

pagio. 

dagger. 

tlblcen,  Inis, 

fluter. 

cubicen, 

trumpeter. 

oomicen, 

horn-blower. 

LIQUID  STEMS  IN  R. 


15 


18 


E. 

passer, 

anser, 

accipiter,  ris, 
mulier. 


o. 

praeceptor, 

cantor, 

victor, 

viator, 

Orator, 


Liquid  Stems  in  r. 

a.  NAMES  OF  PERSONS  AND  ANIMALS. 


sparrow. 

goose. 

hawk. 

woman 

instructor 
singer, 
conqueror, 
wayfarer ,  traveller, 
orator. 


o. 

mercator, 

gubernator, 

imperator, 

conditor, 

adulator, 

adjutor, 

auctor, 

uxor, 

u. 

ftlr,  fUris, 
vultur,  uris,  m. 


merchant. 

pilot ,  helmsman, 
general,  emperor . 

founder. 

flatterer. 

helper. 

author ,  originator 
wife. 

thief. 

vulture. 


E. 

venter, 
imber,  bris, 
aer,  aeris, 
career, 
agger, 

o. 


b.  NAMES  OF  THINGS 

belly, 
rain, 
air. 
jail, 
mound. 


(concrete  and  abstract). 
o  (u). 

rObur,  rOboris,  strength  (oak\ 
ebur,  eboris,  ivory. 

u. 

fulgur,  Uris,  lightning  (flash). 

guttur,  bris,  throat. 

EXCEPTIONS. 


labor, 

tod. 

arbor,  6ris,/. 

tree. 

color, 

colour. 

far,  farris,  n 

spelt. 

honor, 

honour. 

aequor,  Oris,  n. 

sea. 

dolor, 

pain. 

iter,  itineris,  n. 

journey ,  route. 

furor, 

madness. 

vBr,  vBris,  n. 

spring. 

clamor, 

cry ,  shouting . 

cadaver,  eris,  n. 

dead  body. 

terror, 

fright. 

verber,  n. 

blow. 

error, 

mistake. 

ttber,  n. 

teat. 

cruor, 

gore. 

papdver,  n. 

poppy. 

Rule  of 

Syntax : 

Cause,  manner,  and  instrument  are  put  in  the  Ablative. 


19.  Latrones  sunt  callidl.  Audacia  latronum  est  magna 
Laudamus  fortitudinem  victorum.  Puer  mOnstrat  sororibua 
imaginem  pavonis.  Mulieres  modestae  vltant  occasionem  cer- 
taminis.  Imperator  collocabat  legiones.  Viatores  vitabant 


16 


SKCJOiMU  OOJSJ UCiAHOJi. 


flumen.  Homines  cautl  vltabunt  pericula.  Clamores  nmlierum 
fugaverant  furem.  Ntintius  liberavit  uxorem  mercatoris  faisa 
oplnione.  Venatores  necaverunt  leonem  sagittis.  Superabis 
fratrem  diligentia  et  studio.  Avunculus  est  matris  frater, 
matertera  est  matris  soror ;  patris  fratrem  vocabant  Romani 
patruum,  patris  sororem  amitam. 

20.  The  sun  is  large,  the  moon  [is]  small.  Salt  is  white.  Gall 
is  bitter  ( amarus ),  honey  is  pleasant.  The  winters  are  long. 
Avoid  the  occasions  of  contest.  The  centurions  have  saved 
the  heedless  ( incautus )  general  by  [their]  bravery.  The 
cautious  traveller  will  avoid  the  danger.  Good  people  {homo) 
will  be  thankful  to  the  divinity.  The  bravery  of  the  generals, 
the  captains  [and]  the  legions  was  distinguished  ( dgregius ). 
The  cunning  thieves  had  carried  off  ( asportare )  the  peacocks 
and  the  geese.  The  hawk  devoured  the  sparrow,  the  great 
eagle  tore-in-pieces  the  hawk.  The  hunter  killed  the  sparrow, 
the  hawk  [and]  the  eagle.  The  bulls  were  devouring  the  grass. 
Lions  do  not  (non)  devour  the  dead-bodies  of  beasts  and  men 
(homo).  The  victory  of  the  legions  frees  the  people  from  fear. 
The  slave  procured  (parade)  many  advantages  for  [his]  master 
by  [his]  toil. 


V.  Second  Conjugation.  Gr.,  123. 


(Only  the  Infinitive,  Indicative  Present,  and  Imperf.  2  p.,  sing. 

and  pi.  Imperat.  Active.) 

21.  Vocabulary  : 


habSre, 

dBlBre, 

inouBre, 

movBre, 

videre, 

!enBre, 

timBre, 

terrBre. 

^acBre, 


to  have. 

to  blot  out ,  destroy 
to  remind,  warn 
to  move, 
to  see. 
to  hold, 
to  fear, 
to  frighten 
to  be  silent. 


dBbBre,  to  owe(dtb^o.I  ought,  must). 

nocBre,  to  do  harm 

respondBre,  to  make  answer. 


parBre, 

praebBre 

placBre, 

solBre, 

flere, 

nBre, 


to  be  obedient 
to  afford, 
to  be  pleasing 
to  be  accustomed, 
to  weep, 
to  spin. 


Rule  of  Syntax  : 


The  Indirect  Object  is  put  ;  the  Dative  with  many  verbs  of  advan¬ 
tage  and  disadvantage,  >  Tiding  and  resisting,  pleasure  And  dis¬ 
pleasure,  bidding  and  forbidding. 


STEMS  IN  8. 


17 


22.  Agricola  habet  equum  et  vaocam  et  caprara.  Habemus 
sturDum  et  lusciniain.  ImprobI  pueri  deleut  nldos  lusciniarum. 
Oratores  bonl  monent  homines  maids.  Movetis  oculos.  Non 
videmus  aerem  et  ventum.  Yentus  movet  altas  arbores.  Di- 
scipuli  praeceptores  debent  amare.  Discipull  praeceptoribua 
respondebant.  Parete  praeceptls  matris.  Plenus  venter  non 
scudet  libenter  ( willingly ).  Mulieres  terrent  fures  clamoribus. 
Noces  valetudinl  tuae  laboribus  et  contentionibus. 

23.  Our  father  has  many  sons  and  many  (Synt.,  286,  R.  1) 
daughters.  Thou  hast  a  handsome  and  sharp  knife.  The  sons 
of  the  merchant  have  pigeons,  a  monkey  [and]  a  black  he-goat. 
The  timid  women  were  screaming  and  weeping.  Magnanimous 
conquerors  do  not  destroy  the  temples  of  the  gods.  We  were 
warning  our  brothers  and  our  sisters.  I  saw  the  cunning 
thief.  The  strong  peasant  was  holding  the  wild  cow.  Doves 
fear  the  falcon.  The  rumor  of  war  frightens  timid  mothers. 
False  opinions  do  harm  to  men  (people,  homines).  The  hawk 
makes  answer  to  the  sparrow :  Thou  hast  devoured  the  fly,  I  will 
devour  the  sparrow.  You  lazy  scholars  do  not  answer  [your] 
teacher.  The  wind  is  moving  the  water.  Good  ( probus ) 
servants  are  obedient  to  [their]  masters.  The  harmony  (con- 
cordia)  of  [their]  children  is-pleasing  to  father  and  mother. 
Rivers  afford  to  merchants  many  advantages.  Anger  and  fear 
do  harm  to  the  health  of  men.  Stop  ( tenere )  the  thieves  ! 
The  servants  were  holding  the  mad  (ferus)  bull  with  a  laseo 
(i laqueus ).  Answer,  boy !  why  (cur)  art  thou  weeping  ?  Be 
silent  and  obey  1  for  (nam)  children  must  obey  [their]  parent* 


VI.  Stems  in  S.  (Third  Declension.) 


24. 

Names  of  Things  (Abstract  and 

Concrete), 

MASCULINES. 

KKUTKR8. 

pulvis, 

dust 

K. 

m5s, 

custom. 

genus, 

kin,  kind. 

flOs, 

flower. 

onus, 

burden. 

rOs, 

dew. 

opus. 

work. 

18 

THIRD 

CONJUGATION. 

NEUTERS. 

scelus, 

crime. 

lltus, 

shore. 

sldus, 

constellation. 

pectus, 

breast. 

foedus, 

treaty ,  league 

pecus, 

cattle  (sheep). 

latus, 

side. 

pignus, 

pledge. 

vellus, 

fleece. 

stercus, 

dung. 

vulnus, 

wound. 

u. 

o. 

j&s, 

right. 

corpus, 

body. 

crGs, 

leg. 

tempus, 

time. 

tGs, 

frankincense. 

facinus, 

(i shameful )  deed . 

rQs, 

country. 

frlgus, 

cold. 

vSs,  vSsis,  n. 

j  vessel,  pi.  vSsa, 

5s,  Oris,  n. 

mouth. 

(  vSsorum.  tellus,  Gris,/. 

earth. 

as,  assis,  m. 

copper  (coin). 

lepus,  Oris,  m. 

hare. 

os,  ossis,  n. 

bone. 

mus,  mGris,  m. 

mouse. 

aes,  aeris,  n. 

brass,  bronze. 

25.  Videmus  multum  pulverem.  Servate  bonum  morem  1 
florti  habent  multos  flores.  Asiuus  portat  magnum  onus. 
Laudamus  opera  del.  Tempora  mutant  morSs.  Tene  jura 
Aegroto  corpori  labores  sunt  molesti.  Imperator  superbus 
delebat  gloriam  suam  seelere  et  facinoribus. 

26.  The  kinds  of  animals  are  various.  The  wayfarers  were 
bearing  great  burdens.  We  blame  the  shameful-deed  of  the 
conqueror.  The  treaties  of  the  good  are  firm.  Strokes  of 
lightning  destroy  the  works  of  men.  Cold  does  no  harm  to 
healthy  bodies  Dew  is  grateful  to  cattle.  The  girls  were 
adorning  the  lambs  with  flowers  and  wreaths.  You  must  not 
fear  a  wound.  Times  change  the  customs  of  men. 

VII.  Third  Conjugation. 

(Only  Infin.,  Indie.  Pres,  and  Imperf.  2  p.,  sing,  and  pi.  Im 


perat.  Act.  of  mo,  Gr. ,  § 
27.  Vocabulary: 

j  131,  and  capio ,  §  139.) 

ernere, 

buy. 

lGdere, 

play. 

vCndere, 

sell. 

scrlbere, 

write. 

dlcere, 

say. 

discern, 

learn. 

dficcre, 

lead. 

bibere. 

drink. 

THIRD  CONJUGATION. 


19 


cadere, 

faU. 

frangere, 

break. 

caedere, 

cut. 

•  defendere, 

defend. 

pellere, 

drive. 

cingere, 

gird,  surround 

spernere, 

despise. 

sumere, 

take. 

gerere, 

carry  on. 

legere, 

read. 

quaerere, 

seek. 

relinquere, 

leave. 

?5dere, 

give  way. 

— 

regere, 

rule,  keep  right. 

capere, 

take,  catch. 

claudere, 

dose. 

accipere, 

receive. 

colere, 

cultivate,  honour. 

rapere, 

snatch,  carry  off. 

canere, 

sing. 

corripere, 

seize. 

currere, 

run. 

facere, 

make. 

mittere, 

send. 

interficere, 

make  away  with,  klU. 

alere, 

nourish. 

tribuere, 

impart. 

28.  Bibimus  aquam.  Centurio  ducebat  agmen.  Puer  discit 
carmen.  Imbres  pellunt  ventl.  Sperne  invidiam.  Imperatores 
gerunt  bella.  Mercatores  emebant  ebur  et  aes.  Accipiter 
corripiebat  passeres  et  columbas.  Venatores  interficiunt  prsum. 
Parentes  liberls  multa  beneficia  tribuunt.  Venator  quaerit 
lupum.  Nauta  relinquit  uxorem  miseram.  Cedite  furor!  apri. 
Reges  bon!  regunt  populos  eonsilio  et  jflstitia.  Imperator  op- 
pidum  obsidione  claudebat.  Deum  colimus  precibus.  ServJ 
portabant  onera.  Agricolae  caednnt  altas  arbores. 

29.  The  scholars  were  reading  various  books.  The  robbers 
are  carrying-off  the  lambs  of  the  unfortunate  farmer.  The 
merchants  are  buying  and  selling.  We  are  reading  and  writing, 
you  are  playing  and  singing.  Run,  boys,  and  catch  the  but¬ 
terfly.  Thou  art  not  learning,  thou  art  playing.  The  father 
was  buying  [his]  son  a  starling.  The  boy  would  not  answer 
(r=  was  not  answering) ;  he  was  screaming  and  singing.  The 
captain  was  receiving  wounds.  The  robbers  give-way  to  the 
strong  travellers.  The  herdsmen  are  driving  [off]  the  wolves. 
My  father  sends  my  uncle  a  letter.  The  sons  gave  their  sick 
mother  beautiful  flowers.  The  great  seize  and  devour  the  smalL 
The  herdsman  shows  the  timid  traveller  the  way.  The  traveller 
fears  the  deep  river.  Food  nourishes  the  body,  studies  ( stu - 
ilium)  nourish  the  mind.  You  were  breaking  the  back  ( dorsum ) 
of  the  ass  by  loads.  Despise  crime. 


20 


MUTE  STEMS 


VIII.  Mute  Stems.  (Third  Declension.) 


BO.  Vocabulary. 

Stems  in  a  P  mute.  Gr., 

§  52* 

trabs, 

beam. 

ope  ( Abl .), 

by  help. 

pl@bs, 

commons. 

urbs, 

city. 

stips, 

dole ,  contribution. 

stirps, 

stock. 

princeps, 

chief  ,  prince. 

Stems  in  a  K  mute.  Gr.,  \ 

\  53. 

pax, 

peace. 

faex, 

dregs. 

t*<5x, 

king. 

salix, 

willow. 

l£x, 

law. 

judex, 

judge. 

radix, 

root. 

vindex, 

avenger ,  advocate. 

cornix, 

crow. 

paelex  (pellex),  concubine. 

victrix, 

conqueress. 

artifex, 

artisan. 

imperatrix, 

empress. 

culex, 

gnat. 

vox, 

voice. 

cortex, 

bark. 

lu  X, 

light. 

frutex, 

shrub. 

nux, 

nut. 

dux, 

leader. 

crux, 

cross. 

conjux, 

spouse  {husband,  wift 

fax, 

torch. 

arx, 

citadel. 

grex, 

flock  (herd). 

falx, 

sickle. 

nex,  necis, 

death ,  murder. 

fauces  {pi), 

throat. 

preces  ( pi.), 

prayers. 

Stems  in  a  T'mute.  Gr.,  §§ 

55— 57. 

A. 

aetas, 

age. 

deformitas, 

ugliness. 

aestSs, 

summer. 

taciturnitas, 

reserve. 

llbertas, 

freedom. 

tranquillitas,  calmness. 

paupertas, 

poverty. 

sterilitas, 

barrenness. 

pietas, 

piety ,  dutifulness. 

anas, 

duck. 

societas, 

company. 

vas, 

surety. 

sedulitas, 

application,  industry. 

calliditas, 

cunning. 

E. 

probitas, 

uprightness. 

quies, 

rest. 

auctoritas, 

authority,  influence. 

paries,  m. 

wall,  party  wad 

calamitas, 

disaster 

seges, 

crop. 

cl  vitas, 

state. 

aries, 

ram 

ternpestas, 

storm. 

heres, 

heir. 

voluntas, 

will. 

mercCs, 

pay. 

voluptas, 

pleasure. 

p6s,  m. 

foot 

MUTE  STEMS. 


L 

0. 

118, 

strife ,  suit  at  law. 

sacerdOs, 

priest. 

lapis,  m 

stone. 

nepOs, 

grandson. 

miles, 

soldier ,  warrior. 

custos, 

guard ,  keeper. 

comes, 

companion. 

u. 

cques, 

horseman. 

virtiis, 

manliness ,  worth 

pedes, 

foot-soldier. 

salus, 

welfare 

liospes, 

guest ,  host,  stranger . 

juventus, 

youth. 

c6spes, 

turf. 

senectus, 

old  age. 

obses, 

hostage. 

palus, 

bog ,  swamp. 

laus, 

praise.  , 

fraus, 

cheating. 

pecus, 

head  of  cattle,  sheep. 

NT, 

ND. 

frons, 

brow. 

frons, 

leafy  branch ,  foliage. 

infans, 

baby. 

glans, 

acorn. 

ado!6sc6ns, 

young  man. 

KT. 

serpens,  com.  snake. 

pars, 

part. 

156ns, 

race ,  people ,  tribe. 

ars, 

art. 

m6ns, 

mind. 

mors, 

death. 

mous,  m. 

mountain. 

LT,  RD,  CT. 

pons,  m. 

bridge. 

puls,/. 

poiridge. 

fons,  m. 

spring. 

cor,  71. 

heart. 

d6ns,  m. 

tooth. 

no  x,/ 

night. 

torrens,  m. 

torrent. 

lac,  n. 

milk. 

rudens,  m. 

rope. 

caput,  n. 

head. 

Bl.  Trabes  parietis  sunt  longae.  Colite  regem  et  regin  am  ei 
principes.  Mllites  defendant  patriam  et  llbertatem.  Si  vis 
[you  wish)  pacem,  compara1  bellum.  Nomina  regum  et  prin- 
cipum  sunt  elara.  Fiigora  et  tempestates  nocent  gregibus  et 
segetibus.  Senectutem  debemus  colere.  Timemus  arietem 
ferum.  Juventus  praebet  multas  voluptates.  Custodes  probi 
servabant  arcem.  Obsides  miseros  imperator  dlmittebat. 2  Avus 
laudat  nepotum  pietatem.  Jdsto  judicl  homines  tribuunt  lau- 
dem  et  honorem.  Cormx  cornlcl  oculos  non  effodit.3  Imperator 
cinsdt  urbem  fossa  et  aggere.  Infantes  clamant.  Mus  habebat 

O  O  CD 

acutos  dentes.  Leo  sumit  prlmam  partem  praedae.  Spes  pellit 
eorde  dolorem.  1  prepare.  2  let  go.  3  digs  {picks)  out. 


22 


PARIS Y LLABIC  VOWEL  STEMS. 


32.  Chiefs  rule  the  tribes.  God  rules  the  universe.  A  just 
king  maintains  [preserves]  peace.  The  slave  is  cutting  the 
roots  of  the  high  trees.  The  voices  of  nightingales  are  pleasant. 
The  keepers  ( pastor )  of  the  flocks  are  singing.  Obey  ye  the 
laws  of  the  state.  The  horsemen  were  affording  aid  and  safety 
to  the  foot-soldiers.  Legions  defend  cities  and  citadels.  The 
soldiers  were  conquering  and  destroying  the  strong  (firmus) 
cities.  Just  masters  give  ( praebere )  [their]  servants  pay  and 
rest.  We  give- way  to  thy  will.  The  companions  of  tne  prince 
were  receiving  many  wounds.  The  leaders  of  the  cavalry  and 
infantry  [  =  horsemen  and  foot-soldiers]  were  timid. 

The  grandfather  gives  to  [his]  grandson  a  little  ram.  In¬ 
dustry  and  modesty  are  virtues  of  youth.  He  is  throwing  a 
stone.  Shut  the  gates  of  the  citadel.  The  peasants  were  sur¬ 
rounding  the  bog,  and  trying-to-drive-away  (G.  §  224.)  the  god¬ 
dess.  The  master  detects  ( detegere )  the  fraud  of  the  ass.  The 
boys  drive  away  the  sparrows  with  stones.  The  [high]  water 
[pi.]  was  breaking  the  beams  of  the  bridge.  Trees  have  a  trunk 
and  bark,  roots,  branches  ( ramus ),  foliage,  flowers.  The  sun 
drives-away  the  night.  The  general  disbands  ( dlmittere )  a 
great  part  of  [his]  soldiers.  Good  soldiers  do  not  fear  wounds 
and  death.  The  inventors  of  arts  are  famous.  Babies  drink 
milk.  The  F uries  ( Furiae )  are  the  avengers  (fern,  of  ultor)  of 
shameful-deeds  and  crimes. 


IX.  Parisyllabic  Vowel  Stems.  (Third  Declension.)  Gtr.,  58. 
33.  Vocabulary. 

1.  Names  of  Persons.  2.  Names  of  Animals. 


hostis, 

enemy. 

ovis ,/. 

ewe ,  sheep. 

clvis, 

citizen. 

avis,/. 

bird. 

testis, 

witness. 

apis,/. 

bee. 

sodalis, 

(boon-)companion. 

canis,  m. 

dog  (canBe,  pi.  /.,  hcundt\ 

juvenis, 

youth. 

vulpes ,/. 

fox. 

vales, 

prophet ,  prophetess. 

ffeles,/. 

eat. 

PARIS YLLABIG  VOWEL  STEMS. 


23 


3.  Names  of  Things. 


A  FEMININE. 

b. 

MASCULINE 

1ST  is, 

ship. 

amnis, 

liver. 

pellis, 

skin}  fleece. 

axis, 

axle. 

vestis, 

raiment ,  clothes 

crlnis, 

hair. 

auris, 

ear. 

fascis, 

fagot. 

classis, 

Jleet. 

fustis, 

cudgel. 

vallis, 

valley. 

filnis, 

rope. 

nubes, 

cloud. 

finis,  # 

end. 

rupBs, 

rock. 

ignis, 

fire. 

clades, 

defeat ,  disaster. 

orbis, 

circle. 

sedes, 

seat. 

unguis, 

nail ,  talon,  claw 

fames, 

hunger. 

Gnsis  ( poetic ), 

glaive  { sword). 

struBs, 

heap. 

vectis, 

lever. 

vermis, 

worm. 

vis, 

violence. 

sentis, 

bramble. 

sitis. 

thirst. 

m&isis, 

month. 

tussis, 

cough. 

casses,  ium, 

toils  {hunter's  nel\ 

securis, 

cute. 

callis, 

footpath. 

febris, 

fever. 

CltuliS, 

stalk  {cabbage). 

puppis, 

stern. 

collis, 

hill. 

turns, 

tower. 

panis, 

bi'ead. 

piscis, 

fish. 

postis, 

door  post. 

follis, 

bellows. 

C.  NEUTER. 

mare, 

sea. 

animal, 

animal. 

rBte, 

net. 

vectlgal, 

tax. 

bo  vile, 

cowhouse. 

calcar, 

spur. 

cublle, 

couch. 

exemplar. 

pattern. 

d. 

DISGUISED  I-STEMS. 

imber, 

m.  shower. 

venter,  m. 

belly. 

liter, 

m.  skin  {bottle). 

linter,  /. 

skiff. 

34.  Pennae  avis  sunt  rubrae.  Oves  habent  pellem  albain. 
Corpus  tegimusHestibus.  Magnum  numerum  navium  vocamus 
classem.  Canis  est  foil  inimicus. 2  ServI  securl  caedunt  arbores. 
Imperator  magnam  cladem  accipit.  Terror  movet  juvenes 
sedibus.  Hostes  delebant  urbem  ferro  3  et  ignT.  Septimum  4 
mensem  vocamus  Julium.  Vulpes  rapiunt  galllnas.  Finis 
coronat  opus.  1  cover.  2  enemy.  *  sworcl.  4  seventh. 


24 


ADJECTIVES  of  the  third  declension. 


35.  The  sailors  are  easting  off  [solvere)  the  rope.  The  rnastei 
seizes  the  long  ears  of  the  ass.  The  kinds  of  birds  are  various. 
High  towers  surround  the  city.  The  herdsmen  drive-away  the 
wolf  with  cudgels.  We  do  not  believe  an  enemy.  Princes  do 
not  always  ( semper )  maintain  [servdre)  the  welfare  of  the 
citizens.  The  seas  are  full  of  fish  [pi.].  The  Egyptians 
[Aegyptii)  killed  no  animal.  The  virgins  loosen  the  braids 
[nodus)  of  their  [suus)  hair.  The  lictors  carried  fagots  and 
axes.  Many  birds  have  great  talons.  The  whole  earth  [orbis 
terrarum)  obeyed  the  Roman  emperor.  The  slaves  move  the 
beams  with  levers.  The  tops  [cacumen)  of  the  hills  were  free 
from  brambles.  I  see  no  end  of  the  misfortune  [malum). 


X.  Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension. 


Adjectives  of  one  termination.  Gr.,  84-85. 


36.  Vocabulary. 

LIQUID 

STEMS. 

memor, 

mindful. 

vigil, 

watchful,  alert 

pauper, 

poor. 

cicur, 

tame. 

phbes,  eris, 

adult,  marriageable 

pftr,  paris 

equal. 

vetus,  eris, 

old. 

MUTE 

STEMS 

P. 

T. 

particeps, 

partaking. 

dives, 

rich. 

caelebs, 

unmarried. 

deses, 

slothful. 

inops, 

without  means,  poor. 

compos, 

possessed  {of). 

K. 

prudSns, 

wise. 

audSx, 

bold. 

impud&is, 

shameless. 

rapax, 

grasping. 

pot^ns, 

powerful. 

rnend&x, 

lying. 

vehem£ns, 

impetuous. 

fallax, 

treacherous 

ingSns, 

huge ,  big. 

felix, 

lucky. 

pati&is, 

enduring. 

duplex, 

double. 

petuktns, 

saucy. 

supplex 

suppliant. 

noc&xS, 

hurtful. 

ferox, 

farce,  uncontrollable. 

inuoe^m 

innocent ,  harmless. 

&trox, 

atrocious. 

absSns, 

absent. 

yBIox, 

fact. 

concors, 

harmonious. 

trux, 

wild ,  sa/sagc s. 

expers, 

without  share  oj. 

ADJECTIVES  OF  TWO  TERMINATIONS. 


25 


XL  Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension. 


Adjectives  of  two  terminations — Vowel  stems. 


brevis,  e, 

short. 

hostllis, 

hostile. 

omnis, 

all ,  every. 

mortalis, 

mortal. 

fortis, 

brave. 

laudabilis, 

praiseworthy 

nObilis, 

noble. 

fertilis, 

productive. 

fttilis, 

useful. 

mlrabilis, 

wonderful. 

mtltilis, 

useless. 

facilis, 

easy. 

tristis, 

sad. 

difficilis, 

hard  to  do. 

dulcis, 

meet. 

similis, 

like. 

crtidelis, 

cruel. 

dissimilis, 

unlike. 

fidelis, 

faithful. 

gracilis, 

slender. 

incolumis, 

unhurt ,  unscathed. 

humilis, 

low ,  grovelling. 

suSvis, 

meet. 

tenuis, 

thin. 

turpis, 

base ,  shameful. 

pinguis, 

fat. 

levis, 

light ,  slight. 

3cer,  Scris,  acre, 

keen ,  violent,  eager . 

gravis, 

heavy ,  oppressive. 

celeber,  bris,  bre, 

celebrated,  populous 

commtinis, 

common. 

saluber,  bris,  bre, 

healthy,  w.  wlesome. ' 

Insignis, 

distinguished. 

celer,  celeris,  cel  ere, 

swift. 

89.  Servi  domini  pauperis  sunt  fideles.  Pauperum  cenae1  non 
sunt  gratae  dlvitibus.  Memores  estote  officiorum  vestrorum. 
Spernimus  panem  veterem,  diligimussvinum  vetus.  Participes 
estis  omnium  perlculorum  et  praemiorum.  Dominus  diligent! 
famulo  duplicem  mercedem  tribuit.  Nemo  credit3  juvenl  men- 
dacl.  Suaves  odores4florum  placent  hospitibus.  Praecepta 
magistri  puero  diligentPsunt  utilia.  Venator  interficit  cervum 
velocem  sagitta.  Luxuria  omnl  aetati  turpis  est.  Mllites 
turpi  fuga  perdunt c  gloriam.  1  dinners.  2  lore.  8  believes. 
4  odors.  5  diligent.  6  lose. 

40.  The  shepherds’  dogs  are  watchful.  The  virtues  of  men  are 
not  equal,  but  ( sed )  the  rights  of  the  citizens  ought  to  be  equal. 
The  brave  Germans  used-to-conquer  the  old  soldiers  of  the 
Romans.  The  peasants  had  old  wine.  The  pains  of  my 
wounds  were  keen.  The  life  of  the  rich  has  many  pleasures. 
.Avoid  unwholesome  (nocdns)  food.  Laws  are  useful  to  the 
citizens.  Many  animals  are  useful  to  men.  The  wound  of  the 
youth  is  slight. 

% 


20 


COMPARISON  OF  ADJECTIVES. 


The  time  of  our  life  is  short.  Sleep  is  like  [to]  death.  Every 
oeginning  is  difficult.  The  boy’s  anger  is  violent.  The  boy’s 
hate  is  violent.  The  boy’s  temper  ( animus )  is  violent.  Thou 
hast  keen  eyes  and  a  keen  intellect.  The  eager  dogs  seize  the 
fleet  doe.  All  seas  have  fish  [pi.].  Send  me  all  the  works  of  the 
celebrated  poets.  The  authors  of  laws  are  not  always  (semper) 
men  of  foresight  and  wisdom — (adjectives). 


XII.  Comparison  of  Adjectives,  G.  86. 
41.  Vocabulary: 


POSITIVE. 

COMPARATIVE. 

SUPERLATIVE. 

longus, 

long-ior,  ius, 

long-issimus,  a,  urn. 

piger, 

pigr-ior,  ius, 

piger-rimus. 

miser, 

miser-ior,  ius, 

miser-rimus. 

vetus, 

veter-rimus. 

audSx, 

audac-ior,  ius, 

audac-issimus. 

reiix, 

ffellc-ior,  ius, 

fbllc-issimus. 

vehemSns, 

vehement-ior,  ius, 

vehement-issimuft 

brevis, 

brev-ior,  ius, 

brev-issimus. 

acen 

acr-ior,  ius, 

acer-rimus. 

oeleis 

celer-ior,  ius, 

celer-rimus. 

facilis, 

facil-ior,  ius, 

facil-fimus. 

benevolus,  kindly , 

benevolent-ior  ius, 

benevolent-issimus. 

idOneus,  fit,  adapted , 

magis  idoneus, 

maxims  idoneus. 

IRREGULAR  COMPARISON. 

bonus, 

melior,  melius, 

optimus. 

malus, 

pejor,  pejus, 

pessimus. 

magnus, 

major,  m&jus, 

maximus. 

parvus, 

minor,  minus, 

minimus. 

multus, 

plus, 

plllrimus. 

nSquam,  worthless , 

nSquior,  nSquius, 

nSquissimus. 

Rules  of  Syntax: 

Comparison  is  made  by  the  particle  quam,  than. 

Adjectives  of  likeness  take  the  Dative  ;  similis  and  dissimilis  have 
also  the  Genitive. 

42.  Negotium  est  longius  quam  putabam.  Mater  tua  est  beatis- 
ftima  omnium  mulierum :  habet  enim  (Synt.,  §  500)  llberos 


FOURTH  DECLENSION. 


27 


sanissimos  et  probissimos.  Oculorum  sensus  est  acerrimus 
Puellae  sunt  dlligentidres  quain  puerl.  Socrates  erat  sapientis 
simus ’omnium  Graecorum.  Praemium  dulcius  est  quam  labor. 
Tigres2  sunt  crudelissimi.  Rhenus  3  est  flumen  latissimum  et 
altissimum.4  1  wise.  2  tiger.  3  U June.  4  deep. 


43.  The  liar  is  the  most  unprincipled  ( improbus )  of  all  men. 
The  names  of  great  poets  are  more  celebrated  than  the  names 
of  kings.  My  business  is  more  burdensome  than  thine.  The 
horsemen  were  shrewder  and  braver  than  the  foot-soldiers.  The 
monkey  is  an  animal  very-like  man.  I  am  holding  the  shorter 
rope  :  do  you  hold  the  longer  rope.  Envy  is  a  very  disgraceful 
fault.  Faithful  friends  delivered  the  heedless  youth  from  the 
gravest  danger.  Of  all  pains  tooth-ache  ( dolor  dentium)  is  the 
most  acute  (deer).  Sparrows  are  larger  than  gnats  ;  hawks  are 
swifter  than  sparrows ;  the  eagle  is  the  swiftest  of  all  birds. 
Man  is  wiser  than  the  wisest  animals.  Augustus  is  more  like 
his  father  than  his  mother.  Thy  brother  is  very  like  thee.  The 
inhabitants  of  the  village  were  very  wretched.  Thou  art  wont 
to  write  very  short  letters.  Thou  hast  given  ( parare )  thy 
parents  great  joy. 


XIII.  Fourth  Declension.  Or.,  67. 

44.  Vocabulary: 

sSnsus, 

sense. 

reditus, 

return. 

cantus, 

song. 

exitus, 

issue. 

impetus, 

attack ,  charge . 

nutus, 

beck ,  nod,  wink. 

magislratus, 

magistracy ,  civil  authorities. 

vultus, 

countenance . 

metus, 

fear. 

Hsus, 

use ,  practice. 

mOtus, 

movement,  commotion. 

fremitus, 

roar. 

adventus, 

arrival. 

aspectus, 

aspect. 

CfiSU8, 

fall ,  chance. 

portus, 

harbor. 

currus, 

chariot. 

omatus, 

ornament ,  attire. 

cursus, 

course . 

passus, 

step ,  pace. 

mors  us, 

bite  (teeth) 

arcus, 

bow. 

exercitus, 

army. 

quercus, 

oak. 

equitatus, 

cavalry. 

lacus. 

*ake 

28 


FIFTH  DECLENSION. 


artus,  joim. 


* 

REMARKS. 

partus,  birth.  sinus,  fold,  bosom. 


EXCEPTIONS. 

IdGs,  -uum,  /.  15 th  (13^)  day  of  the  month. 

D  ibus,  /.  tribe,  ward. 

porticus,  /.  piazza,  porch. 


acus,  /.  needle. 

manus,  /.  hand. 

domus,  /.  house. 


45.  Cynaeglrus  Atbeniensis  navem  Persarum  morsu  tenebat, 
Senatus  consultum1  terrebat  improbos  elves.  Luscinia  nos 
delectat  suavi  cantu.  Hostis  habet  magnos  exercitus.  Persae 
bella  gerebant  ingentibus  exercitibus.  Imperator  superabat 
hostes  audaci  impetu.  Metus  nocet  exercitui.  Lava2  manus 
tuas.  Omnium  sensuum  sedes  est  caput.  1  decree.  2  ivash. 

The  king  has  a  brave  army.  The  leaders  of  our  army  are 
brave  and  wise.  The  movements  of  the  hands  are  various  and 
wonderful.  The  elephants  are  frightening  the  cavalry.  The 
enemy  is  closing  the  harbors  with  a  fleet.  The  victory  of  the 
army  frees  [our]  country  from  [its]  fear.  A  white  dress  was 
the  attire  of  the  authorities.  The  messenger  delivers  ( reddere ) 
the  letter  to  the  magistracy.  We  write  with  the  hand.  The 
soldiers  were  making  a  very-bold  attack.  Frogs  live  in  swamps 
and  lakes.  The  roots  of  literature  (llterae)  are  bitter,  the  fruits 
sweet. 


XIV.  Fifth  Declension. 

46.  Vocabulary  : 


acies, 

facies, 

species, 

pernicies, 

planities, 


line  of  battle, 
face. 

appearance, 
ruin, 
level,  flat. 


fides,  fid8i, 

spes, 

res, 

res  pdblica, 
res  familiar  is, 


faithfulness,  confidence . 

hope. 

thing. 

commonwealth, 
estate,  property. 


47.  Deus  est  dominus  omnium  rerum.  Hieme  dies  sunt  brevi- 

ores  quam  noctes.  Pater  mortis  memor  tradit 1  xem  familiarem 
filio  diligent!.  CrebrI 2  mdtus  rebus  pflblicls  non  sunt  utiles. 
Mendaces  homines  saepe  fallunt3  nos  veritatis  specie.  Occasus4 
solis  flnem  facet  diei.  1  hands  over .  2  frequent.  3  deceive . 

4  setting. 


FOURTH  CONJUGATION. 


29 


48.  You  are  disappointing  my  hope.  The  soldiers  of  the  right 
line  of  battle  were  making  the  first  attack.  All  the  hopes  of 
the  poor  mother  were  vain  ( vanus ).  The  welfare  of  the  state' 
is  dear  to  all  citizens.  The  eyes  are  the  noblest  part  of  the 
human  face.  Thou  showest  the  appearance  of  faithfulness,  but 
thou  hast  no  faithfulness.  We  learn  many  things  by  practice. 
Preserve  [your]  property!  Examples  of  true  faithfulness  are 
rare. 

XV.  Fourth  Conjugation.  Gr.,  135 


(Only  Infin.,  Indie.,  Pres.,  and  Imperfi,  Imperat.  Active,  2  Pern 

s.  and  pi.) 


49-  Vocabulary: 


ptlnlre, 

venire, 

invenire, 

pervenlre, 

dormlre, 

flnlre, 

servlre, 

munlre, 

obGdlre, 

impedlre, 

custddlre, 


punish. 

come. 

find. 

arrive. 

sleep. 

finish. 

be  a  slave ,  have  regard  to,  serve. 

fortify. 

be  obedient. 

hinder. 

guard. 


I6nlre,  soften,  mitigate. 
scire,  know. 
nesclre,  not  know. 
sentlre,  feel ,  perceive. 
vinclre,  bind. 
reperlre,  find ,  discover. 
sitlre,  thirst. 
saevlre,  rage. 

condlre,  spice ,  preserve,  embalm 
erudlre,  instruct. 


50.  Adventus  tuus  finit  labores  nbstros.  Causas  multarum 
rerum  nesclmus.  Obedlte  parentibus  et  praeceptoribus  !  Sere 
venltis  in  scholam.  Servi  valetudini  tuae  !  Nesciebam  volun 
tatem  tuam.  Gaudia  leniunt  dolores  vehementissimos. 1  late. 


51.  Animals  feel  pain.  Be  obedient  to  the  authorities.  We 
are  slaves  to  a  fierce  master.  The  soldiers  are  conquering  and 
binding  the  highwaymen.  The  soldiers  were  guarding  the 
gates.  You  do  not  know  the  charming  story.  We  perceive 
( percipio )  earthly  things  with  the  senses  ;  we  see,  we  hear,  we 
taste  ( gustare ),  we  smell  ( olfacere ),  we  touch  {tang ere). 


PART  II. 


XVT.  Remarks  on  the  First  and  Second  Declensions. 

Gr.,  §§  27-35. 

52.  The  parents  have  given  [their]  sons  and  [their]  daughters 
new  clothes.  Unhappy  slave!  thou  art  bearing  a  heavy  bur¬ 
den.  Cruel  boy  !  you  will  kill  the  little  gnat.  Cornelius  !  call 
Peter  {Petrus).  O  Gajus  Julius  Csesar,  thou  hast  saved  the 
state,  but  thou  hast  destroyed  freedom.  My  son,  fear  the  dan¬ 
ger  of  pleasures.  The  ancient  nations  used  to  give  presents  to 
the  gods  and  goddesses. 

53.  No  man’s  soul  is  free  from  care.  Augustus  was  emperor 
of  the  whole  world.  Thy  shameful-deed  is  ruinous  {pernici- 
osus)  to  the  whole  country.  To  which  boy  [of  the  two]  will 
you  give  the  book  ?  To  neither.  The  advantages  of  another 
excite  {commovere)  the  envy  of  the  avaricious  man.  The 
bravery  of  one  soldier  saved  the  whole  army.  Both  consuls 
lead  the  army  out  of  (ex  with  abl.)  the  camp.  The  soldiers  of 
both  fought  bravely. 

Remark.— Both  (viewed  separately)  =  either,  utkrque.  Both  (together)  =  ambo. 

XVn  Conjugation  of  ESSE.  Gr.,  §  112.  First  Conjugation. 

Gr.,  119-122. 

Syntax. — Forms  of  the  Subject,  §  194-5  ; 

Forms  of  the  Predicate,  §  192  ; 

Concord  of  the  Predicate,  §  202  ; 

The  direct  object,  §  327. 

The  indirect  object,  §§  343,  344. 

The  Passive,  \ 

Ablative  of  the  Agent,  l  §  205. 

Ablative  of  the  Instrument,  ) 


53.  Vocabulary 

FIRST 

• 

• 

CONJUGATION. 

31 

vocSre, 

call . 

peccare, 

sin. 

niutSre, 

change. 

kabitare, 

dwell ,  inhabit. 

postulare, 

demand. 

volare, 

fly- 

invitare, 

invite. 

intrare, 

enter. 

Bducare, 

educate 

natare, 

swim 

vulnerare, 

wound. 

navigare, 

sail. 

aedificare, 

build. 

migrare, 

migrate. 

54.  Magister  laudat  discipulum. 
Discipulus  laudatur  a  magistrO. 

Corona  ornat  puellam. 

Puella  ornatur  corona. 

Rex  parat  bellum. 

Bellum  paratur  a  rSge. 


Magistrl  laudant  discipulum. 
Discipulus  laudatur  a  magistrls. 

Coronae  ornant  puellas. 

Puellae  ornantur  coronls. 

RSgBs  parant  bella. 

Bella  parantur  a  rSgibus. 


Put  the  above  sentences  into  all  the  tenses  of  the  Passive.  The  tenses  of  the  Pas 
sive  must  be  fully  illustrated  by  the  teacher,  as  the  temporal  relations  are  not  clearly 
marked  in  English.  Distinguish  between  :  puella  ornatur,  the  girl  is  adorned  (for  in 
stance  daily),  and  :  puella  ornata  est,  the  qirl  is  adoi'ned  (her  adornment  is  completed). 
Parilmur,  we  are  getting  ready  :  Parat!  sumus,  we  are  ready :  Parabamur,  we  were  get¬ 
ting  ready :  Parat!  eramus,  we  were  ready. 

Parentes  Bducanto  llberos.  Llberl  Bducantor  a  parentibus. 


55.  The  hunter  killed  the  fleet  deer.  The  soldiers  have  set  the 
captive  (captus)  virgins  free.  The  great-hearted  lion  is  set  free 
by  the  little  mouse.  Flowers  and  wreaths  were  adorning  the 
gate  of  the  city.  The  vigorous  ( deer )  attack  of  the  enemy  [ pl.\ 
had  put  to  flight  our  legions  ;  but  ( sed )  the  arrival  of  the  cav¬ 
alry  ( cques )  saved  the  army.  The  master  will  scold  the  lazy 
slaves.  Call  the  faithful 1  servants.  If  (si)  thou  shalt  have 
observed  [his]  precepts,  the  teacher  will  praise  thy  industry. 
The  grandfather  has  given  [his]  grandson  a  book. 1  Jldelis. 


56.  The  scholars  are  questioned  by  the  teacher.  The  books  of 
the  sick  poet  were  carried  otf  by  [his]  enemies  (inimicus). 
The  sea  is  swallowing  up  the  ship.  The  sea  has  swallowed  up 
the  ship.  The  ship  is  swallowed  up  by  the  sea.  By  the  arrival 
of  [thy]  friend  thou  art  delivered  from  the  punishment.  We 


32 


OPTATIVE  SUBJUNCTIVE - WISHES. 


were  saved  by  the  bravery  of  [our]  companions.  All  dangei 
will  be  overcome  by  exertions.  The  letters  will  be  given  to  the 
teacher  by  the  messenger.  The  city  will  be  carried  ( expugnare ) 
by  the  enemy.  The  city  is  carried.  The  city  is,  has  be-en, 
carried  by  the  enemy.  The  belly  of  the  elephant  is  pierced 
(perforare).  The  belly  of  the  elephant  has  been  pierced  by  the 
horn  of  the  rhinoceros  (Gen.  rhino cerdtis).  The  teacher  will 
blame  the  scholar.  We  will  save  [our]  sister.  Teachers  will 
praise  industrious  scholars.  We  are  saved.  The  scholars  are 
praised.  Thou  wilt  kill  the  lion.  Thou  wilt  be  killed  by  the 
lion.  The  thieves  are  put  to  flight  by  the  keepers. 

57.  The  general  will  carry  the  city.  The  city  will  be  carried 
by  the  general.  We  shall  invite  all  our  friends.  All  our  friends 
will  be  invited.  You  have  changed  your  plan.  I  will  invite 
your  brother,  but  you  [ sing .]  will  not  be  invited.  I  am  edu¬ 
cated  by  my  uncle.  The  hunter  had  wounded  the  bird,  but  it 
flew  away  ( avolare ).  The  bird  is  wounded,  but  it  will  flj* 
away. 

58.  Thou  art  called.  The  enemy  had  built  a  large  towrer  and 
besieged  the  city,  but  the  brave  citizens  put  to  flight  (Perf.)  the 
army  of  the  enemy  [y>£]  You  will  be  blamed  by  [your] 
parents.  You  wrere  carried.  You  are  adorned  with  flowers,  for 
you  overcome  all  danger  by  your  bravery.  Servants,  cleanse 
[pur gave)  the  stalls!  Judges  must  [Imperat.\  always  be 
just.  Let  men  be  always  mindful  of  death.  You  must  be 
attentive1  and  obey  your  teacher.  The  clothes  shall  be  changed. 
Let  good  morals  be  maintained.  Thou  shalt  love  father  and 
mother.1  attentus. 

XVIII.  Optative  Subjunctive. — WISHES. — Syntax,  253. 

59.  DECISION  IN  SUSPENSE.  DECISION  ADVERSE. 

(Utinam)  magister  discipulOs  Utinam  magister  discipulOs  laudfi- 

laudet,  ret, 

May  the  teacher  praise  the  scholars.  Would  that  the  teacher  praised  the  scholar a. 

(Utinam)  n5  discipulOs  vituperet,  Utinam  magister  discipulOs  laudavtsset 
May  he  not  chide  the  scholars.  Would  that  the  teacher  had  praised  thi 

scholars. 


K  LILES  OF  SYNTAX. 


33 


60  May  the  good  old  man  tell  [us]  a  story  !  Would  that  I  had 
changed  [my]  dress  (vestitus)\  May  the  brave  soldier  put  to 
flight  the  army  of  the  enemy  !  Would  that  he  invited  ( vocdre ) 
the  good  boy,  and  not  ( non )  the  lazy  girl !  May  the  enemy  [  jt?£] 
not  carry  the  city !  Would  that  we  had  preserved  [our]  liberty ! 
Would  that  the  master  were  setting  up  the  statue  ( signurn )  in 
(in  with  abl.)  our  garden  !  Would  that  the  wolves  were  not 
devouring  the  timid  lambs !  Would  that  you  had  overcome 
the  boastful  (gloridsus)  soldier. 

61.  Rules  of  Syntax  : 

1.  Ut,  THAT,  IN  ORDER  THAT — Ne,  IN  ORDER  THAT  NOT,  LEST,  take 

the  Present  Subjunctive  after  the  Present  or  Future ;  the  Imperfect 
Subjimctive  after  the  Imperfect,  Pluperfect,  or  (Historical)  Perfect* 
In  English  the  translation  is  often  to,  with  the  Infinitive. 

2.  Quum,  when,  as,  since  (in  past  relations)  takes  the  Imperfect 
and  the  Pluperfect  Subjunctive. 

3.  Si,  if,  is  used  with  the  Imperfect  Subjunctive  when  the  supposed 

case  is  not  so. 

Si,  if,  is  used  with  the  Pluperfect  Subjunctive  when  the  supposed 
case  was  not  so. 

62.  Discipull  orant  magistrum,  ut  historiam  n&rret. 

Discipull  orabant  (oravSrunt)  magistrum,  ut  historiam  narrSret 

Amicus  rogat  (asks)  puerum,  ne  ranam  necet. 

Amicus  rogabat  (rogavit)  puerum,  ne  ranam  necaret. 

Quum  magister  historiam  narnTret,  discipull  attentl  erant. 

Quum  magister  historiam  n&rravisset,  discipull  clamavBrunt. 

Discipull  orant  magistrum,  ut  poena  llberentur. 

Discipull  Orabant  magistrum,  ut  poena  liberarentur 

Puerl  dlligentBs  sunt,  ne  a  magistro  vituperentui. 

Puerl  dlligentBs  erant  (fuBrunt),  nB  a  magistro  vituperSrentur, 

Quum  mulierBs  vulnerarentur,  clamabant. 

Quum  mulierBs  vulneratae  essent,  clamavBrunt. 

Si  mB  rogarBs,  veniam  tibi  d&rem. 

Si  mB  rogavissBs,  veniam  tibi  dedissem. 

(Learn  the  declension  of  ego  and  tu.) 


34 


SECOND  CONJUGATION. 


63.  The  teacher  demands  that  we  be  industrious.  The  teache? 
demanded  that  we  should  be  industrious.  We  begged  the 
hunter  to  kill  the  bears.  We  begged  the  hunter  not  to  kill  the 
cat.  The  wayfarers  called  the  herdsmen  to  show  the  way. 
Work  that  ye  may  be  happy  and  contented.  Fight  bravely 
(fortiter)  to  save  [your]  country.  We  will  call  the  servant  to 
carry  the  burden.  The  boys  had  carried  the  bundles  ( fasci¬ 
culus)  in  order  to  relieve  the  girls  from  the  burden.  The  herds¬ 
men  killed  the  wolves  lest  they  should  devour  the  lambs. 
When  the  sparrow  had  devoured  the  gnat,  the  hawk  tore-in- 
pieces  the  sparrow.  When  the  vulture  was-tearing-in-pieces 
the  hawk,  the  hunter  killed  the  vulture.  As  you  had  begged 
me,  I  told  you  the  story.  The  scholar  exerts  himself  {dare 
operam )  to  be  praised.  The  good  scholars  begged  to  be  ques¬ 
tioned.  We  avoid  faults  lest  we  be  blamed.  The  general 
demanded  that  rewards  should  be  given  to  the  soldiers.  The 
army  fought  bravely,  but  when  the  general  was  [=  had  been] 
wounded,  the  soldiers  were  put  to  flight.  If  you  were  indus¬ 
trious,  you  would  be  praised.  If  you  had  called  the  physician, 
70U  would  have  been  delivered  from  the  disease. 

XIX.  Second  Conjugation.  Gr.,  123-130. 


64.  Vocabulary: 


impleo,  Sre, 

placere, 

please. 

evl,  etum, 

fill. 

displicere, 

displease. 

jacere, 

lie. 

habeo,  ere. 

tacere, 

be  silent. 

ul,  Itum, 

have. 

valere, 

be  well. 

adhibere, 

apply ,  use. 

prokibere 

hinder. 

NO  SUPINE 

praebere, 

afford,  grant. 

timere, 

fear. 

debere, 

owe. 

eminere, 

stand  out 

terrere, 

frighten. 

latere, 

lie  hid. 

exercere. 

practise. 

sil  ere, 

be  still. 

nocere, 

hurt. 

flOrere, 

flourish. 

parere, 

obey. 

doceo,  ere,  uT,  doetum, 

teach. 

appSrere, 

appear. 

teneo,  ere,  ui  (ntum), 

hold ,  keep. 

SECOND  CONJUGATION. 


o5 


retineo,  Bre,  ul,  reteutum, 

retain ,  keep  back 

c€nseo,  Bre,  ui,  c6nsum, 

appraise,  think. 

misceo,  Bre,  miscul,  mixtum, 

mix. 

torreo,  Bre,  torrul,  tostum, 

parch ,  toast,  dry. 

W7TH  CHANGE  OF  CONJUGATION. 

video,  Bre,  vldl,  visum, 

see. 

respondeo,  Bre,  dl,  sum, 

answer. 

sSdeo,  Bre,  sBdl,  sessum, 

sit. 

pendeo,  Bre,  pependl, - 

hang. 

rldeo,  Bre,  rlsl,  rlsum, 

laugh. 

suSdeo,  Bre,  suasl,  suasum, 

persuade ,  advise. 

m5veo,  Bre,  movl,  motum, 

move. 

voveo,  Bre,  vovl,  votum, 

vow. 

caveo,  Bre,  cavl,  cautum, 

beware. 

augeo,  Bre,  auxl,  auctum, 

increase  (trans.) 

maneo,  Bre,  mSusl,  mausum, 

remain. 

jubeo,  Bre,  jussl,  jussum, 

order ,  bid. 

65.  The  violent  wind  moves  the  leaves  of  the  trees.  The  slave* 
will  move  the  great  beam  with  levers.  You  see  the  constel¬ 
lations  of  heaven.  Fright  hurts  the  body.  The  long  wars 
had  hurt  the  state.  Parents  will  grant  [their]  .children  many 
pleasures.  The  rich  father-in-law  will  give  the  poor  son-in-law 
a  field.  The  coldness  of  the  evening  and  of  the  night  has  hurt 
the  tender  plants.  The  cities  are  destroyed.  The  cities  have 
been  destroyed  by  the  enemy  [plur.\. 

The  thick  beam  was  moved  by  the  slaves  with  levers.  The 
book  is  held  by  the  boy  with  the  hand.  Ye  shall  be  silent.  I 
will  warn  the  boy.  I  am  warned.  I  must  ( debeo )  warn  lazy 
scholars.  Fables  are  incredible,  and-yet  ( tamen )  they  excite 
the  feelings  of  men.  All  ancient  nations  once  obeyed  kings. 
Let  the  citizens  obey  the  magistrates. 

66.  Magister  monet  discipulos,  ut  praecepta  memoria  (in  mind)  teneant. 

Magister  monBbat  (rnonuit)  discipulos,  ut  praecepta  tenerent. 

Suadeo  tibi,  nB  noceils  valetiidinl  tuae. 

Saepe  tibi  suadBbam,  nB  valBtudinl  tuae  nocBrBs 

Quuru  puerum  monBrem,  parBbat. 

Quum  puerum  monutssem,  paruit 


30  GifiNDJfili  OF  STEMS  IN  L,  N,  li ,  AND  A 

Fugimus,  iiB  teneSmur. 

FugiebSmus,  nB  tenBrBmur. 

Quum  urbs  dBlBrBtur,  metres  InfantBs  servSbant 
Quum  mlirus  urbis  dBlBtus  esset,  clvBs  obsidBs  dedBrunt 

67.  Children  ought  to  be  good  that  they  may  please  theif 
paients.  Father  is  calling  us  to  see  the  elephant.  I  advise 
thee  not  to  frighten  the  bull.  I  advised  thee  not  to  frighter 
the  bull.  The  strong  farmers  were  holding  the  mad  ( ferus ) 
bull  that  he  might  not  destroy  the  garden.  Drive  away  the 
sparrows  that  they  may  not  hurt  the  crops.  When  our 
father  appeared,  the  naughty  boys  feared  punishment.  Our 
mother  ( quum ,  with  Subj.)  having  furnished  us  with  ( praebere , 
with  Dat.)  many  apples,  we  filled  our  bags  (pera).  When 
you  were  holding  me,  my  companions  tried-to-set  me-  free 
(224).  When  the  armies  were  [=  had  been]  overcome,  the 
citizens  begged  the  conqueror  that  [their]  city  might  not  be 
destroyed.  Obey  the  precepts  of  your  parents,  that  ye  may 
not  be  taught  by  loss. 

XX.  Rules  of  Gender  of  the  Steins  in  1,  n,  r,  and  s,  with  the  Excep¬ 
tions.  Gr.,  §§  40-49. 

Apposition. — Syntax,  §  318. 

68.  1.  The  sun  is  obscured  (obscurare)  by  clouds.  The  moon  is 
obscured  by  the  shadow  of  the  earth.  Bees  prepare  sweet 
honey.  The  sun,  the  regulator  of  the  other  ( ceteri )  lights,  occu¬ 
pies  ( obtineo )  the  centre  ( centrum )  of  the  universe.  To  the 
oldest  nations  the  moon  was  the  regulator  of  the  year  and  of 
the  months. 

( Regulator ,  moderator,  moderatrix.) 

69.  n.  I  am  entertained  by  your  conversation.  The  boldest 
sol  diers  swam  across  ( tranare )  the  broad  river.  The  vain  actor 
had  a  false  suspicion.  Many  great  cities  have  an  humble 

small]  origin.  Butterflies  are  adorned  with  many  colors. 
Many  animals  devour  raw  ( crdclus )  flesh  ;  human-beings  eat 
cooked  (coctus)  or  dried  meat.  The  order  of  the  words  is 


PREPOSITIONS  WITH  THE  ACCUSATIVE. 


37 


changed  The  borders  of  the  lakes  are  sandy  ( arendsus ).  The 
heedless  captain  gave  the  boy  a  sharp  dagger.  Birds  have 
very  warm  blood.  The  little  likeness  of  the  celebrated  poet 
is  very  dear  to  me.  A  fixed  ( certus )  order  is  necessary.  Thy 
opinion  we  do  not  approve. 

70.  n  We  see  the  long  line  of  wild  geese.  The  ancient  nations 
used  to  burn  ( cremare )  the  dead-bodies  of  men.  We  had  great 
and  constant  (assidmts)  rains.  The  spring  was  short.  Thou 
wilt  procure  for  thyself  great  honor  by  great  toil.  Lightnings 
(fulmeri)  strikeThe  high  tree.  The  whole  surface-of-the-sea  is 
disturbed  by  winds.  Parian  ( Parius )  marble  was  the  best. 
Lightnings  ( fulgur )  purify  the  air.  The  lion  surpasses  most 
animals  by  [his]  strength.  The  branching  ( ramosus )  oaks  of 
the  royal  garden  piease  us  greatly  ( valde ).  Tall  cedars  ( cedrus ) 
adorn  Mount  Lebanon  (Lib&nus),1  feriunt. 

71.  s.  The  good  morals  of  the  scholars  delight  [their]  teachers. 
Much  dust  has  been  raised  {moved)  by  the  violent  wind.  Cold 
is  not  disagreeable  to  a  sound  body.  Angry-passion  ( iracvndia ) 
has  been  the  cause  of  many  crimes.  Modesty  is  the  greatest 
ornament  of  youth.  I  will  give  you  a  great  pledge.  The  frog 
has  long  and  soft  legs. 

XXI.  Prepositions  with  the  Accusative.  (Partial  view.) 

Learn  the  whole  list.  Syntax,  §  417. 

72.  Era*  fluvius  ante  urbem,  palus  post  urbem. 

Pugnavimus  ante  lucern,  superavimus  hostSs  post  meridiem. 

AvBs  volant  ad  silvam.  Ducimus  amlcum  ad  patrem. 

Pugnavimus  ad  (usque  ad)  vesperum.  Stabam  ad  portam. 

Coenavl  apud  amlcum.  Inter  AlpBs  et  Apennines  est  Pad  us  {Po\ 
Puer  currit  per  liortum.  ServSmus  poma  {fruit)  per  liiemem. 
GermSnl  pugnavBrunt  contra  Romanes. 

Superavistis  hostBs  contra  omnium  oplnidnem. 

73.  The  soldiers  were  standing  before  the  bridge.  The  general 
posted  ( collocdre )  the  line  of  battle  behind  the  river.  Storks 
migrate  before  winter  to  the  south  (meridies).  The  maid- 


38 


TIME,  WHEN. — TIME,  HOW  LONG. 


servant  is  calling  the  children  to  dinner.  I  shall  stay  with  my 
parents.  Concord  is  preserved  among  friends.  The  sailors  sail 
through  the  vast  sea.  You  are  killing  the  bees  and  the  ants 
against  my  will.  Thou  art  set  free  contrary  to  my  expectation 
Against  the  power  of  death  there  is  no  remedy  (remedium). 

XXII.  Prepositions  with  the  Ablative.  §  418.  (Partial  view.) 

74.  Ambulamus1  ab  urbe  ad  montes.  Ambulavimus  ab  ortu 
solis  ad  occasum.  Laudaris  a  patre.  Pueri  e  schola  currant 
in  viarn.  Pueri  ludunt  in  via.  Eques  decidiPex  equo.  Fontes 
fluunt  de  montibus.  Orator  dlcit  de  sceleribus  latronis.  Aeneas 
ex  patria  migravit  cum  patre  et  filio.  Sine  pennls  non  volabis. 

1  walk.  8  falls. 

Rem. — Cum,  in  company  with ;  apud,  at  the  house ,  apartment  of;  ivitldn,  in  the  eyes  of. 

75.  The  hens  have  been  killed  by  the  fox.  The  hunter  was 
killed  by  the  boar.  The  imprudent  sailors  were  sailing  out  of 
the  harbor.  Sweat  (sudor)  was  flowing  (fluere)  from  the  body. 
He  draws  (tr ether e)  the  ring  ( dnulus )  from  [his]  finger  (digitus). 
I  will  walk  with  my  brother  through  the  wood.  We  will  obey 
without  fear.  We  are  walking  into  the  garden.  We  are 
walking  in  the  garden.  Rivers  flow  into  the  sea.  Fish  liv^ 
(vivere)  in  the  sea. 

XXIII.  Time,  when  (§  392).  Time,  how  long  (§  337). 

70.  Hieme  (winter)  quiescit  terra.  Scholae  initium  est  hora 
octava  (eighth).  Dormlmus  septem  (seven)  horas  (per  septem 
horas). 

77.  In  the  autumn  (auturnmis)  the  fruits  of  the  trees  are 
gathered  ;  at  that  season  of  the  year  the  leaves  fall  from  the 
trees.  In  former  (superior)  times  you  used-to-send  letters  to 
me.  Augustus  died  (mortuus  est)  in  the  fourteenth  year  after 
the-birth-of-Christ  (=  Christum  nation).  Troy  was  besieged 
by  the  Greeks  ten  years.  The  hunter  remained  the  whole  night 
[long]  in  the  woods. 


i'IIIRD  CONJUGATION. 


39 


XXIV.  Third  Conjugation.  Gr.,  157-176. 
78.  V CCABULARY  . 

I.  Stems  in  a  P  mute. 


1.  With  a  short  stem-syllable.  Gr.,  157-8. 


eapio, 

cap-ere, 

cep-I, 

cap- turn, 

to  take ,  catch. 

accipio, 

accipere, 

accepl, 

accep-tum, 

to  receive. 

mmpo  (rup), 

rump-ere, 

rup-l, 

rup-tum, 

to  break ,  burst 

2.  With  a  long  stem-syllable. 

repo, 

rep- ere, 

r^p-sl, 

reip-tum, 

creep. 

carpo, 

carp-ere, 

carp-si, 

carp-tum, 

to  pluck. 

scrlbo. 

serlb-ere, 

scrip-si, 

scrip- turn, 

to  write 

II.  Stems  in 

a  K  mute. 

1.  With  a  short  stem-syllable.  Gr.,  159. 

lego, 

leg-ere, 

leg-i, 

lec-tum, 

to  read. 

colligo, 

collig-ere, 

collegl,  collec-tum, 

to  gather. 

ago, 

ag-ere, 

eg- 1, 

ac-tum, 

to  do ,  act ,  drive,  lead 

redigo, 

redig- ere, 

redegl, 

redactum, 

to  bring  back ,  reduce. 

c<5go  (co  +  ago)  cog-ere, 

coegi, 

coactum, 

to  compel. 

fugio, 

fug-ere, 

fug-1, 

fug-i-tum, 

to  flee. 

facio, 

fac-ere, 

fec-I, 

fac-tum, 

to  make. 

perficio, 

perfic-ere, 

perfecl, 

perfectum, 

to  achieve ,  finish. 

interficio, 

interfic-ere,. 

interiecl, 

interfeetum, 

to  make  away  with ,  kill 

patefacio, 

patefac-ere, 

patefecl, 

patefactum, 

to  disclose ,  reveal. 

jacio, 

jac-ere, 

jeci. 

j  act  um, 

to  throw. 

iujicio, 

injic-ere, 

injecl, 

injectum, 

to  throw  in. 

vLnco  (vie), 

vinc-ere, 

vlc-I, 

vic-tum, 

to  conquer. 

frango  (Mg) 

frang-ere, 

freg-i, 

frac-tum, 

to  break. 

relinquo, 

relinqu-ere, 

rellqu-I, 

relic-tum, 

to  veave. 

2. 

With  a  long  stem- syllable.  Gr., 

160. 

dlco, 

dic-ere, 

dixl, 

dic-tum, 

to  say. 

dtico, 

duc-ere, 

dflxl, 

duc-tum, 

to  lead. 

confllgo, 

confllg-ere, 

conflixl, 

conflic-tum, 

to  strike  together ,  clash 

flgo, 

flg-ere, 

fixi, 

fixum, 

to  fix ,  fasten. 

jungo, 

jung-ere, 

junxl, 

junc-tum, 

to  join. 

cingo, 

cing-ere, 

cinxl, 

cinc-tum, 

to  gird ,  surround 

tingo  (tinguo),  tiug-ere, 

tinxl, 

tiuc-tum, 

to  dip ,  dye. 

40 


THIRD  CONJUGATION. 


exstingiio, 

exstingu-ere, 

exstinxl, 

exstinc-tum, 

to  extinguish 

pingo, 

ping-ere, 

pinxl, 

pic-tum, 

to  paint 

mergo, 

merg-ere, 

mersl, 

mer-sum, 

to  plunge. 

flccto, 

flcct-ere, 

flexl, 

flexum, 

to  bend. 

necto, 

nect-ere, 

nexl  (nexnl), 

nexum, 

to  knot ,  tie. 

Exceptions.  Gr.,  165. 

rego, 

reg-ere, 

rexl, 

rec-tum, 

to  keep  right 

dlrigo, 

dlrig-ere,  . 

dlrexl, 

dlrec-tum, 

to  direct. 

surgo, 

surg-ere, 

surrexl, 

surrec-tum, 

to  rise . 

tego, 

teg-ere, 

texl, 

tec-tum, 

to  cover. 

coquo, 

coqu-ere, 

coxl, 

coc-tum, 

to  cook. 

cSnspicio 

conspic-ere, 

c6nspexl, 

conspec-tum, 

to  behold. 

diligo, 

dllig-ere, 

dllexl, 

dllec-tum, 

to  love. 

intelligo, 

intellig-ere, 

intellexl, 

intellec-tum, 

to  understand 

negligo, 

neglig-ere, 

neglexl, 

neglec-tum, 

to  neglect. 

III.  Stems  in  ; 

a  T  mute. 

Gr.,  164-168. 

1.  With  a  short  stem-syllable  and  nd  stems. 

edo, 

ed-ere, 

ed-i, 

e-sum, 

to  eat. 

fodio, 

fod-ere, 

fod-l, 

fos-sum, 

to  dig. 

defendo, 

dBfend-ere, 

dsfend-l, 

defen-sum, 

to  strike  off. 

ascendo, 

ascend-ere, 

ascend-I, 

ascBn-sum, 

to  mount. 

reprekendo, 

reprekend-ere, 

reprekend-I, 

reprekBn-sum 

,  to  chide. 

comprekendo,  comprekend-ere,  comprekend-I,  comprekBn- 

sum, 

to  ai'rest. 

2.  With 

a  long  stem-syllable. 

ltldo, 

lkd-ere, 

ln-si, 

lQ-sum, 

to  play. 

rOdo, 

r5d-ere, 

rO-sl, 

rO-sum, 

to  gnaw. 

claudo, 

claud-ere, 

clau-sl, 

clau-sum, 

to  shut. 

excludo, 

exclud-ere, 

exclu-sl, 

exclu-sum, 

to  shut  out. 

invado, 

invad-ere, 

inva-sl, 

inva-sum, 

to  invade. 

initto, 

mitt-ere, 

mi-si, 

missum, 

to  send. 

dlmitto, 

dlmittere, 

dlmlsl, 

dlmissum, 

to  dismiss. 

permitto, 

permittere. 

permisl, 

permissum, 

to  allow. 

cede, 

cBd-ere, 

c6s-sl, 

cBssum, 

to  give  way 

EXCEPTIONS. 

divide, 

dlvid-ere, 

dlvl-sl, 

dlvl-sum, 

to  divide. 

percutio, 

/ercut-ere, 

percus-sl, 

percussum, 

to  smite. 

consido, 

consld-ere, 

consedl, 

consSssum, 

to  settle  down 

verto, 

vert-ere, 

vert-I, 

versum, 

to  turn. 

TIIIRD  CONJUGATION. 


41 


IV.  Stems  in  Liquids.  Gi\,  169. 


emo, 

em-ere, 

em-i, 

em(p)-tum, 

to  buy. 

interimo, 

interimere, 

intereml, 

interem(p)tuir., 

to  kill. 

stlmo, 

sdni-ere, 

sdm(p)-sl, 

sum(p)-tum, 

to  take. 

rello, 

vell-ere, 

vell-I,  yulsl, 

yulsum, 

to  pluck 

V.  Stems  in 

u. 

tribuo, 

tribu-ere, 

tribu-I, 

tribtl-tum, 

to  allot. 

induo, 

indu-ere, 

indu-I, 

indu-tum, 

to  put  on. 

statuo, 

statu-ere, 

statu-I, 

statu-tum, 

to  settle. 

consti  tuo, 

constitu -ere, 

constitu-I, 

constitu-tum, 

to  establish. 

dlruo, 

dlru-ere, 

dlru-I, 

diru-tum, 

to  tear  down. 

metuo. 

metu-ere, 

metu-I, 

to  fear. 

solyo, 

solv-ere, 

solv-I, 

solu-tum, 

to  loosen 

• 

VI. 

Reduplicated  forms. 

cado, 

cad-ere, 

cecld-l, 

casum, 

to  fall. 

occido. 

occidere, 

occldl, 

occa-sum, 

u  It 

caedo, 

caed-ere, 

cecld-l, 

cae-sum, 

to  fell. 

occido, 

occidere, 

occldl, 

occl-sum, 

to  kill. 

cano, 

can-ere, 

cecin-I, 

can- turn, 

to  sing. 

pello, 

pell- ere, 

pepul-l, 

pul-sum, 

to  drive. 

curro, 

curr-ere, 

cucurr-I, 

cur-sum, 

to  run. 

disco, 

disc-ere, 

didic-I, 

to  learn. 

tango, 

tang-ere, 

tetig-I, 

tac-tum, 

to  touch. 

attingo, 

attingere, 

attigl, 

attactum, 

to  attain. 

fallo, 

fall-ere, 

fefell-l, 

fal-sum, 

to  cheat. 

pendo, 

pend-ere, 

pepend-I, 

p£n-sum, 

to  hang. 

pario, 

par-ere, 

peper-l, 

par-turn, 

to  bring  forth 

parco, 

parc-ere, 

peperc-I, 

par-sum, 

to  spare. 

bibo, 

bib-ere, 

bibl, 

(bib-i-tum), 

to  drink. 

do, 

dare, 

dedl, 

datum, 

to  give. 

reddo, 

reddere. 

reddidl, 

reddltum, 

to  give  back. 

trado, 

tradere, 

tradidl, 

traditum, 

to  hand  over 

v£ndo, 

vdndere, 

vdndidl, 

V(3nditum, 

to  sell. 

prOdo, 

prOdere, 

prOdidl, 

prOditum, 

to  betray 

addo, 

addere, 

addidl, 

additum, 

to  add. 

condo, 

condere 

condidl, 

condi  turn, 

to  found 

perdo, 

perdere, 

perdidl, 

perditum, 

to  ruin. 

credo, 

credere, 

credidl, 

creditum, 

to  believe 

fcto, 

stare, 

stetl, 

statum, 

to  stand. 

resisto, 

resists 

restitl, 

restftum, 

to  resist. 

42 


THIRD  CONJUGATION. 


VII.  Change  of  Conjugation. 


reto;  • 

vet3-re, 

vet-ul, 

vetitum, 

to  forbid. 

alo, 

al-ere, 

a'l-ul, 

altum, 

to  nourish,  fosxr 

colo, 

col-ere, 

col-ui, 

cultum, 

to  cultivate,  honor 

rapio, 

rap-ere, 

rap-ul, 

rap-tum, 

to  carry  off. 

corripio, 

corripere, 

corripul, 

correp-tum, 

to  seize. 

fremo, 

frem-ere, 

frem-ul, 

fremltum, 

to  roar,  growl. 

recumbo, 

recumb-ere, 

recub-ul, 

recub-itum, 

to  recline. 

peto, 

pet-ere, 

pet-lvl, 

petl-tum, 

to  seek. 

cupio, 

cup-ere, 

cupl-vl, 

cupl-tum, 

to  desire. 

quaero, 

quaer-ere, 

quaesl-vl, 

quaesl-tum, 

to  seek. 

requlro, 

requlrere, 

requlslvl, 

requlsl-tum, 

H  U 

VIII. 

,  Various  Peculiarities. 

pOno, 

ponere, 

posul, 

positum, 

to  place. 

sero, 

serere, 

sBVl, 

satum, 

to  sow. 

dBcemo, 

dBcernere, 

dBcrBvI, 

decrBtum, 

to  determine. 

sperno, 

spernere, 

sprBvI, 

sprBtum, 

to  despise. 

crBsco, 

cr^scere, 

crBvI, 

crBtum, 

to  grow. 

qui^sco, 

quiescere, 

quiBvl, 

quietum, 

to  rest. 

cogndsco, 

cognoscere, 

cognOvI, 

cognitum, 

to  find  out. 

gero, 

gerere, 

gessl, 

gestum, 

to  carry  on. 

uro, 

urere, 

tlssl, 

ustum, 

to  burn. 

premo. 

premere, 

pressl, 

pressum, 

to  press. 

opprimo, 

opprimere, 

oppressl, 

oppressum, 

to  oppress 

fero, 

ferre, 

tull, 

latum, 

to  bear. 

tollo, 

tollere, 

sustull, 

sublatum, 

to  lift,  raise. 

79.  A.  1. 

Folia  de  arboribus  cadunt  in  terram. 

Passeres  corn- 

piunt  parvos  culices.  Fures  metuunt  canes.  Viatores  dulces 
uvas  ab  agricolls  accipiebant.  Pueri  discebant  multos  versus. 
Legimus  librurn.  Legimus  librum.  Puer  scrlbet  epistolam. 
Pueri  nomina  stia  in  prlraa  pagina  librl  scripserunt.  Hostes 
rumpunt  pontem  lapideum.2  Fidem  rupistl.  Pastor  capras  in 
altos  montes  aget,  Malam  vltam  egistl.  Clves  timid!  portas 
clauserant.  Mllites  patriam  defenderunt.  Leo  praedam  in 
partes  quatuor  dlvlsit.  Romani  multa  bella  gesserunt.  Darius 
ingentem  exercitum  in  Graeciam  navibus  transmlserat.3  Xerxes 
ingentem  exercitum  cum  classe  in  Graeciam  dilxit.  Imperator 
proditorem  interfecit.  Donum  accipies  a  matre.  1  grapes. 

5  of  stone.  3  send  over. 


THIRD  CONJUGATION. 


43 


2.  Rich  citizens  buy  images  and  rings.  The  maids  have 
bought  meat.  The  merchants  will  buy  ivory.  I  will  dismiss 
the  second  section  ( ordo )  of  the  scholars.  The  brave  captain 
led  the  first  company  {ordo)  of  the  second  legion.  The  boys 
wrote  short  letters.  The  enemy  [pi.  ]  had  surrounded  the  city 
with  an  intrenchment  {vallum  et  fossa).  Ye  have  broken  this 
treaty.  We  honor  the  old  friendship.  You  are  drinking  old 
wine.  The  fierce  Germans1  conquered  the  old  soldiers  of  the 
Romans.  He  has  broken  the  iron  {ferreus)  hinges.  The 
stupid  peasants  have  felled  the  beautiful  trees.  Old  wines  are 
good  for  [=  useful  to]  the  sick.  Orestes  killed  his  mother,  for 
she  {ilia),  said  he  {inquit),  had  killed  my  father.1  Germdni. 

80.  B.  1.  Puerl  in  scholara  veniunt  ut  legant  et  scribant. 
Puerl  in  scholam  veniebant  ut  legerent  et  scrlberent.  Athamas 
mlsit  Iasonem  ad  Aeetam  regem  ut  vellus  aureuru 1  peteret. 
Mllites  arma  ceperunt  ut  impetum  facerent.  Quu in  imperator 
exercitum  ex  urbe  dftxisset,  monuit  mllites,  ne  multitudinem 
hostium  timerent  sed  patriam  fortiter  defenderent. 1  golden. 

2.  My  father  gives  me  money  to  buy  books.  Parents  send 
children  to  school  that  they  may  learn.  The  timid  drivers 
nrged  on  {incitdre)  the  horses  in  order  to  finish  the  journey. 
The  soldiers  finished  the  long  marches  {iter)  with  great  exer¬ 
tion,  in  order  that  the  enemy  [ pi.]  might  not  escape.  When  I 
had  received  your  letter,  I  answered  at  once  {statim).  When 
Hero  and  Phylax  had  joined  {committer e)  battle,  another  dog 
carried  off  the  bone. 1  auriga . 

81.  C.  1.  Petunt  puerl  ut  e  schola  dimittantur.  Imperator 
redftxit  exercitum  ne  hostium  multitudine  cingeretur.  Quum 
oppidura  captum  esset,  imperator  praedam  mllitibus  permisit. 

2.  The  bridge  having  (§  586.  R.)  been  cut  {rumpere),  the 
general  led  the  cavalry  through  the  river.  The  cautious 
farmer  shut  the  gate  before  night,  in  order  that  the  hens  might 
not  be  carried  off  by  the  fox.  The  hunter  sets  the  dog  on 
[set  on  =  incitdre]  to  catch  the  fleet  hare.  If  the  general  had 
sent  help,  the  citizens  would  have  defended  the  city. 


44 


PRONOUNS. 


XXV.  Fourth  Conjugation. 

82.  V OCJ  AiJ  D  r »ARY. 


Change  of  Conjugation.  Gr.,  176,  3. 


venio, 

venl-re, 

ven-I, 

ven-tum, 

to  come. 

invenio, 

invenire, 

inyCnl, 

inyentum, 

to  find  out. 

pervenio, 

pervenlre, 

pervBnl, 

perventum, 

to  arrive. 

sentio, 

sentl-re, 

s6n-sl, 

sCn-sum, 

to  feel ,  perceive 

yincio, 

vincl-re, 

vinxl, 

vinctum, 

to  bind. 

haurio, 

haurl-re, 

hau-sl, 

haus-tum, 

to  draw ,  drain 

reperio, 

reperl-re, 

reper-I, 

reper-tum, 

to  find. 

aperio, 

aperl-re, 

aper-ul, 

aper-tum, 

to  open. 

insilio, 

In  sill-re, 

lnsil-ul, 

insul-tum, 

to  leap  in. 

sepelio, 

sepell-re, 

sepell-vl, 

sepultum, 

to  bury. 

eo, 

I-re, 

l-vl? 

Itum, 

to  go — Gr.  185. 

83.  1.  Punimus  peccata  et  scelera.  Scelus  punltur  a  magistral! 
bus.  ImprobT  homines  corripiuntur.  Custodes  areem  custe 
diebant  ne  hostes  aditum1  invenlrent.  Cantum  lusciniae  in 
horto  audietis.  Dorrmvimus  usque  ad  horam  sextam.  Quum 
puerl  voluntatl  parentum  non  obedlvissent,  punltT  sunt.  Milites 
castra  ( camp )  munlverint,  antequarn  (before)  hostes  advenerint 
(arrive).  1  approach . 

2.  We  are  slaves  (servire)  to  cruel  masters.  If  we  feel  pains, 
we  cry  out.  If  you  are  obedient  to  your  teacher,  you  are  not 
punished.  If  you  are  [shall  be]  obedient  to  your  teachers,  you 
will  n~t  be  t unished.  The  enemy  conquers;  the  conquerors 
bind  the  captives  (captwus).  The  soldiers  fought  so  bravely 
(tam  fortiter)  in  order  to  conquer  the  great  number  of  the 
enemy  \ph\  The  general  gave-orders  ( imperare ,  with  Dat.)  to 
the  soldiers  that  they  should  bind  the  captives.  Ye  do  not 
know  the  plans  of  the  shrewd  general.  We  come  to  soothe  thj 
pains.  We  came  to  soothe  thy  pains.  If  we  had  known  th\ 
will,  we  should  have  obeyed. 

XXVI.  Pronouns.  Gr.,  97  foil. 

84.  1.  We  praise  these  poets.  We  praise  those  youths.  We 
praise  these  poems.  That  journey  does  not  please  me.  I  am 


PHONO  UNS. 


45 


moving  the  g.obe  ( globus  terrae )  that  you  may  see  it  from  (ab) 
this  side  (pars)  too  ( quoque ).  This  country  is  called  (dicere) 
Asia ;  that  is  named  Africa.  This  sea  is  called  the  Atlantic, 
that  the  Pacilic ;  between  them  lies  (est)  America  (America). 
Answer  him  who  asks  you.  Those  will  be  praised  who  have 
[  =  shall  have]  learned  well  (bene).  Those  legions  will  receive 
a  great  reward  which  shall  have  stood  (sustinere)  this  attack. 

2.  I  will  always  honor  that  friend  (hospes) ;  for  through  him 
I  was  delivered  from  the  danger  which  threatened  me  (im- 
minere ,  with  Dat.).  The  thief  whose  garment  (vestis)  was  left- 
behind,  was  arrested.  I  will  present  to  you  this  book.  Keep 
it  (retinere).  [It  is]  the  same  [that]  we  are  reading  in  school. 
We  are  all  fearing  the  same  danger.  The  brilliancy  of  the  same 
stars  delights  the  country-people  (rdsticus)  and  the  city-people 
(urbanus).  I  gave  my  second  letter  to  the  same  messenger. 
My  father  praised  the  clerk  who  wrote  this  letter.  I  have 
already  (jam)  given  this  woman  bread ;  give  thy  money  to 
that  poor  man.  I  do  not  approve  that  opinion  (of  yours). 
The  horses  were  frightened  by  the  screaming  (clamor)  of  these 
boys.  The  Lydians  ( Lydi ),  whose  king  Croesus  was,  were 
Bubjugated  (subigo)  by  Cyrus.  The  Amazons  ( Amazones ), 
whose  queen  Hercules  overcame,  lived  [  =  dwelt]  by  (ad)  the 
sea  of  Azov  (palus  Maeotis ,  Gen.  idis). 

3.  What  did  your  father  say  to  you  ?  Which  of  you  has  lost 
this  book  ?  I  lost  it.  Who  will  save  us  ?  Who  will  give  us 
advice  ?  Which  place  is  the  first  ?  Which  place  have  ( obti - 
nere)  you?  When  (quando)  will  the  teacher  dismiss  you? 
When  did  your  mother  send  you  those  apples  ? 

4.  Most  of  you  know  this  thing.  If  you  will  always  remem¬ 
ber  [=  be  mindful  of]  us,  you  will  always  be  loved  by  us.  Who 
did  this?  He  who  has  done  this  will  suffer  for  it  (poenam 
dare).  What  dost  thou  say  ?  What  thou  sayest  is  incredible. 
What  have  you  seen  ?  What  have  you  heard  ?  I  have  seen 
nothing.  What  I  have  heard  I  will  repeat  (referre)  [Abl.]  in 
the  same  words  in  which  it  was  said.  What  is  honorable  ? 


46 


ADSUM,  ABSvJM,  PROSUM,  POSSUM. 


Answer.  I  ask  you,  what  is  honorable  ?  (§  469,  R.)  What  ia 
good  is  honorable.  I  expect  some  one  of  my-family  ( mei ). 
You  did  this  with  somebody’s  help.  Some  bold  leader  [or 
other]  is  chosen.  Some  part  of  tho  work  you  will  undertake 
yourself.  I  fear  something.  I  fear  some  evil.  I  blame  this 
deed  (/ acinus) ;  another  it  will,  perhaps  ( fortasse ),  please 
I  do  not  approve  that  judgment  ( senientia )  of  yours  ;  mine  is 
different.  The  consuls  drew  lots  for  (sorffiri,  with  Acc.)  the 
provinces  ( provincia )  :  Gaul  ( Gallia)  fell  ( obvenlre )  to  the 
one,  Spain  ( Hispania )  to  the  other.  Both  managed  (gerere) 
matters  (res)  ill.  Neither  triumphed  (triumphare) .  When  the 
Greeks  were  fighting  with  the  Persians  in  Asia,  the  rumor  of 
the  victory  at  Plataeae  ( Plataeensis ,  Adj.,  360,  R.)  came  to  both 
armies  [either  army]. 

XXVII.  Adsum,  absum,  prosum,  possum.  Gr.,  113,  114. 

85.  The  messengers,  whose  arrival  we  had  expected,  are  here. 
Those  who  have  been  away  will  learn  those  poems  (carmen) 
which  the  rest  of  the  scholars  [the  remaining  (=  reliqui) 
scholars]  have  learned.  The  traitor  profited  (§  345)  those 
whom  he  betrayed.  The  plan  of  the  deserter  was  to  (ut)  betray 
the  legion,  but  an  accident  (casus)  brought  it  about  (efficere) 
that  (ut)  he  profited  it.  Thou  hast  profited  me  very  much  (plu- 
rimum)  by  thy  faithfulness.  The  hounds  could  not  surpass  the 
fleet  hare  in  running  (cursus).  The  herdsman  led  his  flocks  to 
the  river  that  they  might  be  able  to  drink.  We  shall  be  able 
to  defend  the  city.  The  city  can  be  defended  by  us, 

when  reinforcements  (auxilia)  shall  have  arrived.  Yrou  could 
not  hear  the  voice  of  the  judge.  The  slave  could  not  carry 
the  heavy  stones.  This  man  might  have  been  liberated 
(246,  R.  1.) 


XXVIII.  Imperative.  (Syntax,  §§  259-69.) 

86.  With  the  Imperative,  not  is  ne  ;  but  in  the  ordinary  forms  of  the 
second  person,  singular  and  plural,  noli  and  no  Lite,  be  unwilling, 
with  the  Infinitive,  are  used  instead,  or  ne  with  the  Perfect  Sub¬ 
junctive. 


IMPERATIVE. 


47 


N3ll,  nOlite  me  tangere,  touch  me  not. 

(ne  tetigeris,  ne  tetigeritis),  do  not  touch  me. 

Ne  tangito  me,  thou  shall  not ,  he  shall  net  touch  me i 

Ne  tangitote  me,  ye  shall  not  touch  me. 

Ne  tangunto  me,  they  shall  not  touch  me. 

87.  The  slaves  shall  carry  heavy  burdens.  Thou  shalt  avoid 
bad  company.  Ye  shall  keep  the  laws.  Men  [=  people]  shall 
worship  ( colere )  God.  Yield  not  to  misfortunes  (malum). 
Boys  are  not  to  read  bad  books.  The  keepers  are  to  guard  the 
gates ;  they  are  not  to  sleep.  The  lazy  scholar  shall  be  blamed. 
The  feet  are  not  to  be  moved.  Let  the  book  be  bought.  Let 
not  the  bridge  be  cut  (rumpere).  Let  traitors  be  punished  with 
the  bitterest  death  (acerbus).  Thou  shalt  not  kill.  It  is  a 
sacred  law :  Animals  are  not  to  be  killed  wantonly  (temere). 


88.  Vocabulary  : 

Pluralia  tantum.  Gr.,  §  75. 


dlvitiae, 

riches. 

arma,  orum, 

arms. 

tenebrae, 

darkness. 

fauces,  ium, 

gullet ,  jaws. 

insidiae, 

ambush. 

nSres,  ium, 

nose. 

indutiae, 

armistice. 

cassBs,  ium, 

toils  (snare). 

ndptiae, 

wedding. 

moenia,  ium, 

town-wall. 

angustiae, 

straits ,  pass. 

viscera,  um, 

entrails. 

Different  signification  in  singular  and  plural . 

SINGULAR.  PLURAL. 


lltera, 

letter  of  the  alphabet. 

llterae, 

a  letter  (epistle). 

opera, 

trouble ,  work. 

operae, 

workmen. 

cOpia, 

abundance. 

c5piae, 

forces ,  troops. 

auxilium,  help. 

auxilia, 

auxiliaries,  reinforcements 

castrum,  fort. 

castra, 

camp. 

finis, 

end ,  limit. 

fines, 

territoi'y  {borders). 

aedBs,  is,  temple. 

aedes,  ium, 

house ,  palace. 

89.  Avarus  magnas  dlvitias  collegit.  Imperator  auxilia  misit 
in  castra.  Accept  llteras  tuas,  quibus  nhptias  filiae  nhntiaveras 
Fines  h ostium  vastati  sunt. 


90.  T  he  enemy  has  made  a  truce  in  order  to  prepare  an 

ambush  for  us.  The  soldiers  seize  [theii]  arms,  rush  out 


DEPONENT  VERBS, 


(erumpere)  of  ( ex )  the  camp  [andj  make  a  charge  on  (in)  the 
advancing  ( accedere )  forces  of  the  enemy.  The  general  shut 
the  gates  of  the  camp  that  the  enemy  might  not  rush  ( irrum • 
pere)  into  the  camp  with  thjp  fleeing  recruits  (tiro).  The  king 
has  extended  (propdgdre)  the  borders  of  his  kingdom.  The 
general  has  led  [his]  troops  (introducere)  into  the  territory  ol 
ike  enemy.  Hercules  went  to  the  ( usque  ad)  extreme  limit 
of  Europe  (JEuropa).  The  darkness  was  frightening  the  chil¬ 
dren.  The  avaricious  merchant  collected  great  wealth.  The 
door  of  the  temple  was  open.  The  king  has  built  a  splendid 
palace.  I  am  very  much  (valde)  delighted  with  your  letter. 


XXIX.  Deponent  Verbs. 

91.  Vocabulary  : 


I.  hortor, 

hortSrl, 

kortatus  sum, 

exhort,  encourage. 

lamentarl, 

lament. 

ludifican, 

to  make  sport  of 

contemplarl,  regard. 

luctarl, 

to  wrestle. 

conspicarl, 

behold. 

precarl, 

to  beg,  pray. 

rix&rl, 

squabble. 

imitarl, 

to  imitate. 

admlrarl, 

admire. 

glorian, 

to  boast. 

cunctarl, 

linger. 

augurSrl, 

to  prophesy. 

comitarl, 

attend. 

popular!, 

to  lay  waste. 

cdnsolarl, 

comfort. 

vagarl, 

to  roam  about. 

laetarl, 

be  glad. 

versarl, 

to  be  engaged,  be. 

minSrl, 

threaten. 

insidiarl, 

to  lie  in  wait ,  in  ambush 

morarl, 

delay. 

oscular!, 

to  kiss. 

II.  vereor, 

y 

vererl, 

veritus  sum, 

to  fear,  stand  in  awe  o] 

polliceor 

pollicbrl, 

pollicitus  sum, 

to  promise. 

tueor, 

tu6rl, 

tuitus  sum  (tmatus), 

to  protect. 

(videor, 

viderl, 

vlsus  sum, 

to  appear). 

fateor, 

faten, 

fassus  sum, 

to  acknowledge. 

III.  loquor, 

loqul, 

locQtus  sum, 

to  speak. 

sequor, 

sequl, 

secutus  sum, 

to  follow. 

labor, 

labi, 

lapsus  sum, 

to  glide ,  slip. 

vehor, 

velil, 

vectus  sum, 

to  nde  (be  borne). 

patior, 

patl, 

passus  sum, 

to  suffer. 

aggredior, 

aggredl, 

aggressus  sum, 

to  attack. 

tltor, 

mi. 

dsus  sum, 

to  use. 

DEPONENT  VERBS. 


40 


revertor, 

revertl, 

revertl  (act.  Gr.  182), 

to  turn  back. 

Irascor, 

Ir&scl, 

(Iratus  sum), 

to  be  angry. 

n&scor, 

nilscl, 

nStus  sum, 

to  be  bom. 

nanciscor, 

nanciscl, 

nactus  sum, 

to  get. 

prSficiscor, 

proficiscl, 

prSfectus  sum, 

to  set  out,  march. 

adipiscor, 

adipiscl, 

adeptus  sum, 

to  attain 

expergiscor, 

expergiscl, 

experrectus  sum, 

to  awake ,  get  up. 

ulciscor, 

ulciscl, 

ultus  sum, 

to  avenge. 

morior, 

morl, 

mortuus  sum, 

to  die. 

Obllviscor, 

vescor, 

obllviscl, 

vesci, 

oblltus  sum, 

to  be  forgetful  of  [  Gen.  | 
to  feed  [Abl.\ 

mentior, 

mentlrl, 

mentltus  sum, 

to  tell  a  lie. 

bl&ndior, 

blandlrl, 

blaudltus  sum, 

to  flatter  [with  Dat.]. 

partior, 

partlrl, 

partltus  sum, 

to  divide. 

potior, 

potlrl, 

potltus  sum, 

to  possess  one's  self  of. 

experior, 

experJil, 

expertus  sum, 

to  try. 

orior, 

orlrl, 

ortus  sum, 

to  arise. 

92.  Admlramur  splendorem  siderum.  Vulpes  leporibus  fnsi- 
diatur.  Cives  totam  regionem  populate  sunt,  ne  hostes  in  ea 
versarentur.  Fatebor  omnia  peccata, 1  ut  veniam  nanciscar. 
Quum  exercitus  hostem  aggressus  esset,  auxilia  advenerunt. 
PatiminI  famem  et  sitim !  Pater  filium  vagantem  epistola 
hortatus  est,  ut  reverteretur.  Consolare  miseros,  tuere  vexatos, 
noli  obllviscl  pauperum  (§  375).  Nemo  mentitor.  “  Morere, 
Diagora,  non  enim  in  caelum  ascensurus  es.”  1  sins.  2  harassed. 

93.  The  brother  lamented  long  (cliu)  the  bitter  death  of  [his] 
sister.  We  admired  thy  strength  and  speed.  The  soldiers 
were  angry  with  [ Dat.\  the  lingering  general.  The  troops 
marched  day  and  night,  in  order  to  get  an  advantageous 
( opportunus )  position  for  [Gen.]  the  camp.  The  messengers 
have  told  a  lie.  Try  [your]  luck.  We  have  tried  it.  My 
friend  has  a  raven,  which  imitates  human  speech  ( sermo ). 
When  two  sons  of  Diagoras  had  received  wreaths  on  one  day, 
a  Lacedaemonian  spoke  to  this  effect  (ita  fere) :  Why  dost 
thou  linger  in  life,  Diagoras  ?  Greater  glory  and  greater  joy 
thou  wilt  not  attain.  I  shall  breathe  again  ( respirdre )  when 
\  behold  thee  (236,  R.  2).  No  one  who  has  obtained  (consequi) 


50 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXAMPLES. 


the  reputation  of  bravery  by  treachery  ( insidiae )  and  malice 
[malitia)  has  obtained  honor. 

94.  MISCELLANEOUS  EXAMPLES. 

1.  Mothers  like  to  talk  [=  talk  willingly  ( libenter )]  about 
[their]  sons  and  daughters.  We  had  caught  a  very  beautiful 
butterfly,  but  it  flew  away  out  of  our  [nobis)  hands.  One  row 
of  trees  was  felled  in  order  that  the  approach  to  the  house 
might  be  broader.  Some  [ndnnulli)  mice  are  white.  I  see  thy 
shameless  face  (os).  These  flowers  have  a  beautiful  color  and 
an  agreeable  smell  [odor).  The  legs  of  the  fleet  stags  are 
slender  [gracilis).  The  fleet  hounds  catch  the  timid  hare. 

2.  The  walls  of  the  cities  were  destroyed  by  the  enemy.  The 
decision  of  the  judges  was  not  just.  Just  judges  guard  good 
laws.  In  our  garden  there  are  many  bushes.  The  nut  has  a 
hard  shell  [cortex).  Ye  shall  avoid  the  dangers  of  bad  com¬ 
pany.  The  feet  of  ducks  are  broad.  The  wall  [=  of  the  house] 
had  been  broken  through  [perrumpere)  by  the  thieves.  Thou 
wilt  receive  no  reward,  for  thou  hast  been  very  lazy.  Let  the 
rich  man  aid  [juvdre)  the  poor  man.  Let  man  be  always  mind¬ 
ful  of  death.  The  elephant  has  a  big  head,  long  ears,  thick 
legs,  two  long  tusks  [clens),  a  thin  tail.  His  whole  body  is 
huge,  but  his  eyes  are  small  and  his  throat  is  narrow.  He  is 
a  very  sagacious  [prudens)  animal.  The  members  of  the  body 
are  the  head,  the  shoulders,  the  hands,  the  legs,  the  feet  [and] 
so  forth  [cetera). 

3.  The  birds  which  in  summer  delight  thine  ears,  in  wintei 
migrate  to  ( in)  other  regions.  The  city  was  betrayed  by  a 
traitorous  [p erfidus )  citizen.  The  rider  urges  his  horse  on 
[incitare)  with  the  spur.  The  Romans  laid  heavy  taxes  on  the 
provinces  [imponere  with  Dcit.).  The  ship  was  held  by  one 
slender  [tenuis)  rope.  An  end  has  been  put  to  the  war  [=  of 
the  war  an  end  has  been  made].  Ye  have  caught,  many  fish. 
The  elephant  is  carrying  a  wooden  [ligneus)  tower  on  [his]  back 
[dorsum).  The  city  [of]  Rome  is  situated  [situs)  on  the  Tiber, 
which  empties  [ejjundi,  209)  into  the  Tyrrhenian  ( Tyrrhenian1 


-* 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXAMPLES. 


5L 


*ea  The  pilct  sits  on  the  stern  (puppis)  of  the  ship  and  holds 
the  rudder  ( cldvus  or  gubernaculum ).  Let  the  traitors  be  cut* 
down  with  the  axe.  The  wisdom  of  the  old  ( senex )  is  not  less 
profitable  (minus  prodesse)  than  the  bravery  of  the  young 
( juvenis ). 

4.  The  head  is  the  seat  of  all  the  senses.  The  cavalry  had 
jome  at  a  gallop  ( cursus  citdtus )  to  defend  the  entrances  to 
(=  of)  the  harbor.  The  nightingale  delights  men  [—  people] 
by  sweet  song.  Ye  shall  obey  the  senate  and  the  authorities. 
The  Scythians  ( Scytha )  were  armed  with  bows  and  arrows.  ] 
wrote  these  letters  with  [my]  left  hand.  We  admire  the  lofty 
porticoes  of  the  royal  palace.  The  issues  of  all  wars  are  uncer¬ 
tain.  In  winter  the  nights  are  long,  the  days  short;  in  summer 
the  days  are  long,  the  nights  short. 

5.  I  have  marked  me  (Syntax,  §  351)  the  places  ( passages ) 
which  we  have  read  in  school.  The  general  occupied1  the 
places  ( positions )  which  the  enemy  had  left.  The  youths 
presented  to  the  old-man  a  silver  vessel ;  the  rim  ( mar  go )  of 
the  vessel  was  of  gold  (aureus).  [ Same  sentence  in  the  plural .] 
The  dog  was  holding  a  bone  in  [his]  mouth.  The  dogs  were 
holding  bones  in  [their]  mouths.  Oxen  have  a  large  head. 
The  slaves  are  putting  the  yoke*  {imp  oner  e,  with  Dat.,  or  in 
and  Acc.)  on  the  oxen.  The  bear  surpasses  the  man  in  [=  by] 
strength;  the  man  surpasses  the  bear  in  [=  by]  cunning.  Vio¬ 
lence  is  warded  off  (defendo)  by  violence.  The  lightning  of 
Jove  smote  (percutere)  the  lofty  towers.  1  capere.  "  jugum. 

II. 

1.  The  Greeks  built  many  temples  to  their  gods  and  god¬ 
desses.  When  will  you  come  to  me  with  your  distaff  and  wool 
(lana)  ?  The  cherry-tree  ( cerdsus )  was  brought  by  (transldtus) 
Lucullus,  the  richest  of  the  Romans,  from  (ex)  Asia  to  Italy. 
The  emperor  Augustus  exclaimed  :  O  Quintilius  Varus,  give 
me  back  my  legions. 

2.  The  villainous  (improbus)  robber  stabbed  (percutere)  the 


52 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXAMPLES. 


old  man’s  heart.  Trees  of  various-sorts  ( varius )  and  beautiful 
flowers  adorn  the  gardens  of  the  rich  princes.  The  timid  bat 
will  be  caught  by  the  cat.  The  heads  of  the  beams  project  from 
( eminere  ex)  the  wall  [=  of  the  house].  Large  flocks  of  little 
biids  fly  in  autumn  from  Europe  across  the  sea  to  Africa;  in 
the  beginning  of  spring  (287  R.)  they  return  (reverti).  The  little 
gnats  creep  under  the  dry  ( driclus )  bark  of  the  trunk.  The 
shady  ( umbrifer )  plane-tree  ( platanus )  sends  forth  ( agere ) 
very  long  roots.  Nut  shells  [the  shells  ( cortex )  of  nuts]  are 
hard.  The  towers  of  old  citadels  adorn  the  tops  ( cacumen )  of 
the  mountains.  The  fine  ( laetus )  crops  promise  {promittere)  the 
farmers  a  great  reward  ( merces ).  The  sods  ( eaespes )  have  been 
put  on  the  mound.  The  feet  of  geese  are  broad.  On  the  land 
they  move  them  clumsily  ( tarde ).  The  walls  of  the  temples 
have  been  broken  through  by  the  fierce  soldiers;  the  stones  of 
them  have  been  scattered  {disjicere).  Little  mice  have  sharp 
teeth,  with  which  they  can  gnaw-through  ( rodere )  thick 
walls.  True  honor  consists  ( positus  est)  in  virtue.  Mothers 
and  teachers  are  wont  to  chastise  ( castigare )  boys,  and-not 
{nee)  with-words  only  {solum),  but  with  blows.  No  animal 
that  has  blood  can  be  without  a  head.  The  sons  of  rich  parents 
are  often  poor ;  for,  corrupted  by-luxury,  they  squander  ( di&- 
sipdre)  the  greatest  riches. 

3.  Even  the  greatest  birds  fear  the  sly  fox,  which  lies-in-wait 
for  them.  The  city  was  saved  {Perf.)  by  one  brave  citizen. 
The  fire  is  quenched.  We  have  thrown  the  ashes  into  the  neigh 
boring  river.  The  Cheruscans  (  Chfrusci ),  a  people  of  Germany, 
used-to-dwell  between  the  Weser  ( Visurgis)  and  the  Elbe 
{Albis).  If  you  quench  {seddre — Put.  Perf.)  [your]  thirst  with- 
much  water  while-in-a-sweat  ( suddns ),  you  will  suffer  {labordre) 
to-morrow  {eras)  from-a-cough.  Swiftness  of  foot  [jt?4]  snatched 
the  hare  from  ( eripere ,  with  Pat.)  the  jaws  {faux)  of  the  dogs. 
The  fettered  captives  stood  naked  in  the  open-air  ( der ),  in  the 
rain,  in  t;he  cold. 

4.  By-thy-arrival  thou  hast  averted  ( dvertere )  the  ruin  of  the 
whole  army.  The  entrances  to  [=  of]  the  harbors  were  fortified. 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXAMPLES. 


52 


The  city  is  protected  by  lakes  and  swamps.  The  doors  of  the 
royal  palace  were  closed  in  order  that  the  hostages  might 
not  escape  ( effugio )  from  the  house.  The  maidens  have  em 
broidered  [acu  ping  ere)  a  coverlet  ( strdgulum ).  The  prisoners 
have  had  their  nands  cut  off  (§  344)  ( abscidere ). 

5.  The  fowlers  have  caught  many  birds.  The  first  day  of  the 
week  (L.  hebdomas ,  &dis,f.)  is  called  Sunday  [=  day  of  the 
sun]  ;  the  second,  Monday  [the  day  of  the  moon]  ;  the  third, 
the  day  of  Mars ;  the  fourth,  the  day  of  Mercury  [Mercdrius) ; 
the  fifth,  the  day  of  Jupiter;  the  sixth,  the  day  of  Venus;  the 
seventh,  the  day  of  Saturn  (, Saturnus ).  farmers  keep  [alo) 
many  herds  ( armentum )  of  oxen  ;  they  plough  with-oxen.  The 
soldiers  fought  with  fresh  ( integer )  strength.  Men  have  greater 
strength  than  women.  W e  made  a  long  journey  on  that  day. 
The  Greeks  used  to  sacrifice  [sacra  facer e)  not  to  Jupiter  alone 
[Dat.  of  solus),  but  also  to  Apollo,  to  Venus,  to  Ceres,  [and] 
to  many  other  gods  and  goddesses. 

95.  Miscellaneous  Examples ,  especially  in  Comparison  and 

Pronouns. 

1.  The  most  learned  and  wisest  men  have  always  been  the 
most  modest.  The  song  of  the  nightingale  is  very-sweet.  Cicero 
was  the  most  celebrated  orator  of  the  Romans.  The  name  of 
Homer  is  more  celebrated  than  the  names  of  many  kings.  The 
ass  is  carrying  a  very  heavy  load.  This  food  is  nicer  than  that. 
This  business  is  lighter  than  that.  The  Alps  are  the  highest 
mountains  in  [=  of]  Europe,  but  the  mountains  of  Asia  are 
higher.  When  [quando)  is  the  longest  day  and  the  shortest 
night  ?  What  is  more  difficult  than  this  busine  ;s  ?  This 
garden  is  larger  than  the  one  [is,  ea ,  id)  which  my  father 
bought ;  but  the  trees,  which  are  in  it,  are  very-low  [humilis). 
The  burden,  which  we  are  carrying,  is  heavier  than  yours. 
Achilles  killed  Hector  [Acc.  Hectdra ),  the  son  of  King  Priam 
[and]  the  bravest  of  the  Trojans.  The  brave  soldiers  did  not 
fear  the  most  violent  [deer)  charges  of  the  enemy  \_pL].  No 
vice  is  more  shameful  than  avarice.  The  easiest  work  is  not 


54 


FORMATION  OF  ADVERBS. - NUMERALS. 


always  most  pleasant ;  the  most  difficult  not  always  the  mosl 
disagreeable.  Thou  art  the  most  beneficent  of  all  my  friends. 
Xanthippe,  the  wife  of  Socrates,  was  very-abusive  ( maledicus ). 
Times  will  be  better  if  men  are  [=  shall  be]  better.  We  admire 
the  bold  ( superl .)  sailors.  Farmers  ought  to  be  the  most  ener¬ 
getic  ( industrius )  of  all  men.  The  hog  is  very-fat ;  its  flesh 
is  very  tender.  Your  brother  is  smaller  than  you.  The  great¬ 
est  blessing  ( bonum )  is  friendship ;  for  in  friendship  there  are 
most  enjoyments  ( delectdtio ).  You  returned  more  than  you 
had  received.  The  fierce  soldier  plunged  ( inflgo )  [his]  sword 
into  the  enemy’s  [Dat.^\  breast.  The  best  poets  are  heard, 
read,  learned-by-heart  ( ediscere ),  and  fix-themselves  ( inhaerd - 
scere)  in  the  mind  \_pl.\  By  this  hatred  you  are  doing  harm 
not  to  me  but  to  yourself  (§  298).  This  apple-tree  (maliis)  I 
planted  myself.  We  desire  ( optdre )  rest;  to  us  also  is  perpetual 
unrest  ( inquies )  disagreeable  ( molestus ). 

i 

XXX.  Formation  of  Adverbs.  Gr.,  §  90. 

96.  The  sparrow,  which  had  cruelly  devoured  the  little  gnat, 
screamed  affrightedly  ( Adv .,  fr.  anxius)  when  the  hawk  seized 
it  suddenly.  That  boy  acted  foolishly  who  judged  of  ( de )  the 
song  of  the  birds  by  (ex)  the  finery  (orndtus)  of  [their]  feathers, 
Write  this  letter  carefully;  those  who  write  it  [=  shall  have 
written  it]  most  carefully  will  be  praised  most.  The  Lacedie- 
monians  (Laeo)  were  wont  to  answer  briefly  and  pointedly 
(acutus).  The  lark  sings  more  sweetly  than  the  goldfinch 
(acanthis).  Of  all  birds  the  nightingale  sings  most  sweetly. 
The  war  has  been  conducted  (gerere)  successfully  (fellx).  The 
soldiers  made  a  charge  on  the  enemy  boldly.  In  the  Alps  you 
can  travel  safely.  The  (quo)  more  concealed  (occiiltus)  the 
dangers  are,  the  (ed)  greater  the  difficulty  of  av<  iding  them 
[=  with  the  greater  difficulty  are  they  avoided].  This  busi¬ 
ness  can  very  easily  be  settled  (absolvere). 

XXXI.  Numerals.  Gr.,  §  92. 

97.  Three  beasts  made  a  treaty  with  the  lion  that  the  booty 
(praecla)  should  be  divided  into  four  shares  (pars) ;  but  when 


IRREGULAR  VERBS. 


00 


they  had  caught  a  stag,  the  lion  took  not  only  his  cwn  (swwa) 
share,  but  also  the  shares  of  his  three  partners.  Two  birds 
were  hanging  before  the  window;  the  one  was  a  goldfinch 
( acanthis ),  the  other  a  nightingale.  Two  travellers  met  (< occurro 
with  Dat.)  a  bear  in  the  wood.  The  feelings  ( animus )  of  the 
two  carpenters  were  different  ( diversus ) ;  therefore  the  god 
gave  one  three  axes,  to  the  other  he  did  not  even  ( ne-quidem ) 
give  the  one  which  he  had  thrown  into  the  river.  The  hydra 
had  nine  heads ;  Cerberus  had  three  heads.  The  poor  farmer 
has  two  cows1;  his  rich  neighbor  has  twenty-one  oxen.  The 
Athenians  had  two  hundred  ships.  Priam  had  fifty  sons  and 
fifty  daughters.  Priam  had  one  hundred  children.  Nature 
gave  us  two  ears  and  one  mouth,  in  order  that  we  should 
hear  more  than  we  speak  [Subj.\  The  year  is  a  space  (spatium) 
of  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  days. 1  vaccct. 

XXXII.  Irregular  Verbs.  Gr.,  184. 

8.  Vocabulary: 


abeo, 

ablre, 

abil, 

abitum, 

to  go  away. 

adlre, 

to  approach. 

oblre, 

to  take  on  one's  self  to  die 

exlre, 

to  go  out. 

prodlre, 

to  go  forth. 

inlre, 

to  go  into. 

redlre, 

to  return. 

interlre, 

to  go  down  to  ruin. 

transire, 

to  go  beyond ,  to  pass  over ,  by 

perlre, 

to  perish. 

venire, 

to  be  for  sale. 

deferre, 

to  bring  down. 

transfer  re, 

to  bear  across,  to  transfer 

perferre, 

to  bring  through ,  to  bear. 

praeferre, 

to  prefer. 

prOferre, 

to  bring  forth. 

se  conferre, 

to  betake  one's  self 

refero, 

referre, 

retail, 

relatum, 

to  bring  back ,  report. 

affero, 

afferre, 

attull, 

allatum, 

to  bring  to. 

aufero, 

auferre, 

abstull, 

ablatum, 

to  bring  away,  to  carry  of 

cdnfero, 

conferre, 

contull, 

collatum, 

to  bring  together ,  compare 

Infero 

inferre 

intull, 

illatum, 

to  bring  into. 

effero, 

efferre, 

extull, 

elatum, 

to  bring  out ,  to  extol,  to  bury 

offero, 

offerre, 

obtull, 

oblatum, 

to  offer. 

differo, 

differre, 

distull, 

dllatum, 

to  delay,  to  differ. 

tollo, 

tollere, 

sustull, 

sublatum, 

to  lift. 

99.  1.  The  soldiers  are  passing  over  the  river.  A  bridge  is  build¬ 
ing  tfaa  ( quo ^  the  armies  may  cross  the  rivers  more  quickly 


56 


NEUTER  ADJECTIVES  AND  PRONOUN*. 


The  dog  is  barking-at  (allatrare)  the  passers-by.  The  eyes  ol 
all  passers-by  turn  ( convert i,  209)  to  ( in ,  ad)  the  beautiful 
flowers  which  adorn  the  windows  of  your  house. 

2.  Bring  me  aid.  If  you  do  not  (nisi,  with  Fut.)  bring  me 
aid,  I  shall  perish.  Frequent  ( creber )  raids  (incur sio)  were 
made  by  the  enemy  into  the  province.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
province  asked  the  general  to  bring  them  (sibi)  aid.  As  the 
general  would  not  bring  them  aid,  they  applied-to  (adlre,  with 
Acc.,  Syntax,  §  330,  R.  2)  the  king  to  have  aid  brought  them, 
i.e.,  that  aid  should  be  brought  them  (sibi). 

3.  No  one  becomes  good  by  accident.  What  is  done  can¬ 
not  be  undone  [i.  e.,  be  made  undone  (infectus)].  Whatever 
King  Midas  touched  (Pluperf.  Ind.,  §  625)  became  gold.  King 
Midas  asked  that  whatever  he  touched  (Pluperf.  Subj.)  should 
be  made  gold  (§  630). 

4.  We  would  rather  (mdlle)  be  unhappy  than  bad.  If  thou 
wishest  to  be  loved,  love.  Sometimes  it  happens  that  (ut)  he 
who  wishes  to  profit  us,  injures  us.  Everybody  prefers  (mdlle 
— quarn)  blaming  other  people’s  (aliena)  faults  to  correcting 
(Qorrigere  or  emenddre)  his  own.  If  you  want  peace,  prepare 
[for]  war.  Do  not  put  off  (differo)  to  (in)  the  morrow  (crds- 
tinus  dies)  what  you  can  do  to-day  (hodie).  I  will  do  what 
you  wish.  When  I  would,  he  would  not ;  when  I  would  not, 
he  would.  He  will  not  be  willing  to  set  out.  I  do  not  know 
whether  he  will  [Subj.  of  void]  or  (an)  will  not  (nolo).  (§  463 
469.) 

5.  The  boys  have  begun  to  play.  Good  men  remember  the 
benefits  (§  375)  which  they  have  received.  I  shall  remember 
thy  precepts.  The  bad  hate  the  good.  Remember  death  and 
the  infirmity  of  man  (humanus).  The  bad  are  wont  to  hate 
the  good. , 

XXXIII.  Neuter  Adjectives  and  Pronouns. 

ISP'"  These  when  used  as  substantives  are  often  put  In  the  plnraL 

100.  Hear  much,  speak  little.  We  often  lose  the  certain  (cer* 
tus)  while  (dum)  we  are  striving  after  (petere)  the  uncertain 


NUMERALS. 


57 


( incertus ).  All  this  seemed  to  him  new  and  wonderful  {niirv 
ficus).  Everything  that  happens  ( accidere )  to  us  we  ought 
to  bear  bravely.  The  past  ( praeteritus )  cannot  be  changed. 
We  can  distinguish  ( discernere )  white  [and,  §  483]  black,  good 
[and]  bad,  fair  [and]  unfair,  the  honorable  [and]  the  disgrace¬ 
ful,  the  useful  [and]  the  useless,  the  great  [and]  the  small.  We 
do  not  always  think  the  same  about  the  same  things  on  the 
same  day.  Everything  that  you  have  said  is  true.  Repeat, 
(repetere)  what  you  began.  Wrhat  we  wish,  we  readily  {libenter) 
believe. 


XXXIV.  Numerals. 

101.  1.  Enumerate  the  seven  kings  of  Rome.  The  captain  who 
reconnoitred  {explordre)  the  roads  {iter)  had  forty-eight  foot- 
soldiers  and  twenty  horsemen  with  him  ( secum )  ;  therefore 
(i itaque ),  when  five  hundred  horsemen  of  the  enemy  [pl.~\  ad¬ 
vanced  {accedere),  he  withdrew  (se  recipere)  quickly  into  camp. 
In  that  war  one  thousand  soldiers  were  killed,  two  thousand 
soldiers  wounded  (§  308).  The  15th  day  of  this  month  the 
Romans  called  the  Ides  {Tdus).  Draco  made  [his]  laws  {leges 
ferre)  in  the  year  620  ;  Solon,  in  the  year  594  ;  Lycftrgus,  about 
[eirciter)  the  year  888.  Rome  was  founded  in  the  year  754 
before  the  birth  of  Christ  {ante  Christum  ndtum ,  §  357,  R.  2). 
Charlemagne  ( Carolus  Magnus)  was  emperor  in  the  year  800 
after  the  birth  of  Christ.  The  Emperor  Augustus  reigned  from 
{incle  ab)  the  year  30  before  Christ  to  {usque  ad)  14  after 
Christ. 

2.  Six  scholars  sit  on  each  ( singuli )  bench  {subsdllium). 
Twelve  scholars  sit  on  two  benches. 

3.  In  Athens  there  reigned  seven  kings  before  the  Trojan 
war;  the  eighth  was  Demophon  ( Demoplion ),  the  son  of 
Theseus  {Theseus).  In  his  time  [plf\  Troy  was  destroyed 
1184  before  Christ.  From  that  year  on  {inde  ab)  Athens  was 
116  years  under  kings.  The  last  of  them,  Codrus,  offered  him¬ 
self  [up]  to  death  in  the  year  1068  for  the  salvation  {salus)  of 
his  country.  After  Codrus  there  were  Archons  {Archontes)  at 


58 


NUMERALS. 


Athens,  at  first  for  life  [while  ( dum )  they  lived],  then  (deinde J 
for  (in)  ten  years  each ;  finally  (denique)  from  the  year  752  on, 
nine  were  chosen  yearly  (quotdnms). 

4.  Agamemnon  led  on  (Abl.,  §  387)  1180  ships  100,000 
soldiers  before  Troy  (ad  T. ,  §  410  R.  3).  Therefore  there  were 
in  each  ship  about  (fere)  eighty-three  men.  In  the  oldest  times 
ships  had  fore  and  aft  (ab  utraque  parte)  two  thwarts  (trdn& 
Irum ),  on  which  ten  or  fifteen  rowers  ( remex ,  remigis)  used  to 
sit.  After  the  battle  of  Salamis  ( Adj .,  Salaminius ,  §  157), 
large  ships  were  built.  Those  which  had  three  thwarts  were 
called  triremes  ( triremis ).  The  Carthaginians  and  Romans 
built  ships  of  four,  or  as  many  as  (vel)  five  thwarts,  so  that 
(ut)  there  were  (Subj.)  on  one  ship  three  hundred  rowers, 

5.  Hercules  was  sent  twelve-times  by  Eurystheus  to  under¬ 
take  (suscipere)  enormous  (ing&ns)  labors.  The  god  of  the 
river  emerged  thrice  from  (ex)  the  water ;  the  first  time  he 
brought  up  a  golden  axe ;  the  second  time  (< iterum ),  a  silver 
one ;  the  third  time,  the  iron  one.  How  many  are  twice-two  ? 
Twenty-five  times  241  make  [=  become]  6025.  I  have  said 
that  a  hundred  times  [merely  exaggeration  :  the  Romans  say, 
six  hundred  times]. 

Remark. — The  beginner  is  called  on  to  notice  particularly  the  use  of  the  distribu 
lives,  which  are  employed  with  an  exactness  which  is  foreign  to  our  idiom,  whenevej 
-epetition  is  involved,  as,  for  example,  in  the  multiplication  table.  Whan  singull,  each 
e  expressed,  the  cardinal  may  be  used. 


WH I TH  Ell. W IIER  K. WH  ENCK . 


Second  Course. 


XXXV  Whither?  G.  410;  A.  55,  3,  b  ;  A.  &  S.  237  ;  B.  038,  H.  421,  11 

Whence  ?  G.  411  ;  A.  55,  3,  a  ;  A.  &  S.  255  ;  B.  041  ;  II.  370. 

Where  ?  G.  412  ;  A.  55,  3,  c  ;  A.  &  S.  254  ;  B.  032-3  ;  II.  421. 


102.  Vocabulary 

’  • 

Roma, 

NAMES  OF 

Rome. 

CITIES. 

Leuctra,  orum, 

Leuctra. 

AtbGnae, 

Athens. 

Carthago,  inis, 

Carthage 

Corintlius, 

Corinth. 

Aulis,  idis, 

Aulis. 

Farentum, 

Tarentum. 

Neapolis,  is, 

Naples. 

Delphi,  orum, 

Delphi. 

Sardes,  ium, 

Sardis. 

103.  Cadmus  came  from  Phoenicia  to  Thebes  ( Thebae ) ;  Cecrops 
from  Egypt  ( Aegyptus )  to  Athens  ;  Danaiis  sailed  ( cidvehi ) 
from  Egypt  to  Argos  ( Argos ,  n,  or  Argi  drum ,  m) ;  Pelops 
from  Phrygia  to  the  Peloponnesus.  Menelaiis  returning  home 
from  Troy  was  driven  out-of-his-course  ( defero )  to  Egypt ;  from 
Egypt  he  returned  to  Sparta.  [It  was]  from  Aulis  [that]  the 
Greeks  set  out  for  Troy.  Ambassadors  were  sent  to  Delphi; 
in  Delphi  there  was  a  very  celebrated  oracle  ( ordculum )  of 
Apollo.  The  ambassadors  returned  from  Delphi  to  Sparta.  A 
Blave  ran  away  ( aufugere )  from  Rome  to  Athens ;  thence  ( hide ) 
he  came  to  Asia ;  afterwards  (^os^ed)  he  [was]  arrested  ( com - 
prehendere )  at  Ephesus  [and]  was  sent  back  to  Rome. 

104.  1.  Aeneas  ( Aeneas )  fled  from  Ilium  (I)  with  t  wenty  ships 
to  Thrace  ( Thrdcia ),  thence  to  Delus  and  Crete  (  Creta ) ;  after 
touching  at  [=  when  he  had  already  touched]  Sicily  he  .[was] 
driven  by  a  storm  to  Africa,  [and]  came  to  Carthage,  which 
city  Dido  was  at  that  time  building.  Setting-out  (profectus) 
from  Carthage  he  made-for  (petere)  Italy.  First  he  came  to 
Cumae,  thence  he  landed  on  ( appellere  naves  cd)  the  coast  of 


no 


ACCUSATIVE  AND  TNTFINTTIVE. 


Latium.  He  reigned  at  Lanuvium,  his  ( ejus )  son  Ascanms  at 
Alba  Longa. 

2.  Hippias  fled  ( cdnfugere )  to  Darius  ( Ddreus )  at  Susa  [=  to 
Susa  (Susa,  drum)  to  Darius].  The  Persian  king  [=  king  of 
the  Persians]  resided  (sedem  habere)  at  Susa.  Solon  betook 
himself  (se  cdnferre)  to  Sardis.  In  Sardis  he  conversed  ( collo * 
qui)  with  Darius.  Kegulus  (e)  died  at  Carthage. 

3.  My  master  (herus)  is  not  at  home ;  he  went  from  home 
early  in  the  morning  (mane) ;  he  will  return  home  in  the  even¬ 
ing  (vesperi).  My  friend  came  straight  (recta)  to  my  house 
My  guest  (hospes),  who  lived  (vivere)  with  me,  died  lately 
(nuper)  at  my  house.  My  guest,  who  dwelt  (habitare)  with 
(apud)  me,  departed  lately  from  my  house.  When  the  war 
had  been  brought  to  an  end  ( cdnficere ),  the  army  was  dis¬ 
banded  (dlmittere)  ;  the  soldiers  returned  [to  their  respective] 
homes.  The  father  has  taken  (educere)  [his]  son  with  him 
(secum)  to  the  country ;  they  will  remain  several  (aliquot) 
months  in  the  country.  When  my  son  returns  (236,  R.  2) 
from  the  country,  I  will  send  him  to  (ad)  thee.  Aristides  con¬ 
ducted  public  affairs  (rem  pdblicam  gerere)  excellently  in 
peace  and  in  war.  Yesterday  (heri)  evening  Hirtius  was  at 
my  lodgings  (apud  me). 


XXXVI.  Accusative  and  Infinitive. 

GT.  530  ;  A.  70,  2;  A.  &  8.  272  ;  B.  1152  ;  H.  551. 

105.  1.  We  perceive  (sentlre)  that  snow  is  white.  Anaxagoras 
said  that  snow  was  black.  I  believe  that  the  souls  (animus) 
of  men  are  immortal.  Thou  knowest  that  [thy]  father  is  angry 
with  ( Dat.)  thee.  Report  says  (fdmafert)  that  you  are  in  Syria. 
Democritus  said  that  there  are  worlds  without  number  (innu 
merabilis).  I  believe  the  violets  (viola)  are  blooming  (florere) 
already.  The  sentinel  (vigil)  announces  that  the  enemy  is 
approaching.  We  have  read  that  the  little  mouse  delivered 
the  lion.  We  have  read  that  the  lion  was  delivered  by  the 
little  mouse.  I  have  learned  (comperire)  that  the  enemy  is 


ACCUSATIVE  AND  INFINITIVE. 


61 


cutting  ( rumpere )  t-he  bridge. — ( The  same,  passive.)  I  have 
learned  that  the  enemy  has  cut  the  bridge.  I  have  learned 
that  the  bridge  is  already  cut.  I  suspect  ( suspicor )  that 
the  enemy  will  cut  the  bridge ;  that  the  bridge  will  be  cut  by 
the  enemy.  Word-has-been-brought  ( nUntiare )  to  me  that  you 
have  suddenly  fallen-sick-of  ( incidere  in)  a  fever.  Nobody 
will  deny  ( negare )  that  the  world  is  kept-together  ( cdnservare ) 
by  God ;  that  the  world  was  created  by  God.  There  is  a  tra¬ 
dition  (memoriae  trader e)  that  Socrates  was  a  wise  man.  I 
hope  that  the  teacher  will  praise  thee.  I  hope  that  the  boy 
will  be  praised.  I  hope  to  be  in  Athens  shortly  (brevi).  I 
suppose  that  the  slave  will  have  finished*  the  business  before 
the  return  of  my  father.  I  suppose  that  the  business  will  be 
finished  (confectum  fore)  before  the  return  of  my  father. 

2.  The  starling  (sturnus)  informed  the  cuckoo  (cueulus)  that 
people  (homines)  praised  the  song  of  the  nightingale  (luscinia) 
in-the-highest-terms  (maximopere) ;  that  others  praised  the 
song  of  the  lark  (alauda) ;  that  some  (ndnnulli)  were  delighted 
with  the  song  of  the  quail  (eoturmx)  ;  but  (autem — Syn¬ 
tax,  §  486)  of  the  cuckoo  mention  was  made  nowhere  (nus- 
quam). 

3.  The  fox  announced  (ndntidre)  to  the  cock  that  all  enmities 
between  (Gen.)  the  animals  were  extinguished;  that  peace 
was  made ;  that  the  deer  were  walking  (ambulare)  with  the 
lions,  the  sheep  with  the  wolves,  the  mice  with  the  cats.  But 
when  he  heard  [ Plpf  ]  that  the  dog  was  running  up,  he  fled* 
I  suspect  you-must-know  (enim,  500,  R.  2),  said  he  (inquit), 
that  the  peace  has  not  been  announced  to  the  dogs  yet  (non- 
item). 

4  A  lying  (menddx)  boy  deceived  (decipere)  the  shepherds 
twice  [by]  crying  out  that  the  wolf  was  there  (adesse).  When 
the  wolf  was  ready  (reverd)  there,  and  the  boy  cried  out,  the 
shepherds  did  not  run  to  [him]  (accurrere).  For  they  supposed 


*  Fut.  Inf.  Fore  ut  with  Perf.  or  Plpf.  SabJ.  le  rare 


62 


DEPENDENT  INTERROGATIONS. 


that  the  lying  [fellow]  would  deceive  [his]  .friends  a- third-tiim 
( tcrtium ). 

5.  Lewis  ( Ludovicus ) :  I  hear  that  the  postman  ( tabelldrius ) 
has  brought  you  a  letter ;  I  suspect  that  your  brother  sent  it. 
Give  me  the  letter  to  read  (§  431)^  for  you  know  that  I  love 
your  brother  very-much  ( magnopere ).  William  ( Guilielmus ): 
1  am  well  aware  (probe  scio)  that  you  are  the  most  faithful 
friend  of  my  brother,  but  I  have  not  yet  read  the  letter 
through  (perlego)  myself.  I  promise  to  communicate  the  con¬ 
tents  [=  the  letter]  to  you  (tecum,  §  346,  R.  1). 

6.  The  mythologists  (fdbuldrum  scriptores )  inform  [usj 
(trddere)  that  Phrixus  and  Helle  were  the  children  of  Atha- 
mas  ( Gen.,  Athamantis)  and  Nephele  (Gen.,  es) ;  that  after 
the  death  of  the  mother  Athamas  married  ( clucere )  Ino 
(Accus.,  6)  the  daughter  of  Cadmus ;  that  the  bad  (improbus) 
stepmother  (noverca)  persuaded  (§  345,  R.  2)  him  to  (ut) 
sacrifice  (immolare)  the  children  to  Jupiter,  and  that  on  that 
account  (quam  ob  rem ,  §  612)  they  fled  from  home;  that  when 
they  had  arrived  at  (ad)  the  sea,  Jupiter,  [their]  grandfather, 
gave  them  a  ram  adorned  with  a  golden  fleece  ( pellis ),  but 
timid  Helle  fell  (decidere)  from  the  ram;  that  Phrixus  was 
borne  (deferre)  by  the  ram  to  King  Aeetes  in  Colchis  ( Colchl , 
drum)  [=  to  Colchis  to  King  Aeetes] ;  that  he  sacrificed  the 
ram  there  and  suspended  the  skin  of  it  (ejus)  from  (e)  an  oak  in 
the  grove  of  Mars ;  that  a  sleepless  (insomnis)  dragon  guarded 
the  fleece,  [and]  that  afterward  Jason  sailed  (ve/n)  to  Colchis 
to  fetch  (petere)  the  golden  fleec'*. 


XXXVII.  Dependent  Interrogative*!. 

G.  469  ;  A.  67,  2 ;  A.  &  8.  265  ;  B.  1182  ;  H.  525. 

106.  Who  were  the  parents  of  Phrixus  and  Helle?  Do  yon 
know  who  were  the  parents  of  Phrixus  and  Helle  ?  Phrixus 
asked  [his]  father  why  he  wished  to  sacrifice  him  ( se ).  Aeetes 
asked  Phrixus  why  be  had  fled  to  Colchis.  Did  not  the 


DETERMINATIVE  AND  REFLEXIVE. 


03 


stepmother  of  Pbrixus  act  (facere)  unjustly  ( injuste )?  Aeetes 
asked  Jason  when  he  would  return  home.  “I  will  tell  you,” 
said  Jason,  “at  the  right  time  (in  tempore ),  when  I  shall 
return.” 


XXXVIII.  Determinative  and  Reflexive. 

G.  294,  521  ;  A.  19,  3  ;  A.  &  S.  208 ;  B.  1018  ;  H.  448 

107-  1.  The  lion  was  lying  in  his  cave  ( spelunca ) ;  the  fox  went 
to  his  cave.  2.  The  carpenter  had  lost  his  axe  ( securis ) ;  the 
god  of  the  river  brought  back  his  axe.  3.  The  birds  tore-out 
(i eripere )  their  feathers  from  the  ( Dat .)  jackdaw  ( graculns ) ;  for 
the  jackdaw  had  adorned  himself  with  their  feathers.  4.  A 
certain  lady  (mdtrona)  showed  Cornelia  her  jewels  ( ornd - 
menta ) ;  then  (turn)  she  wished  ( cupere )  to  see  her  jewels  too ; 
Cornelia  said  that  [her]  sons  were  her  jewels.  5.  Hippolyta 
was  queen  of  the  Amazons  ( Amazones ).  Hercules  was  sent  by 
Eurystheus  to  bring  her  belt  ( balteus )  to  Mycenae.  The  war¬ 
like  ( bellicosus )  Amazons  defended  their  queen.  Hercules  cap¬ 
tured  their  queen  and  gave  her  to  Theseus,  his  companion.  6. 
Hercules  gave  ( trddo )  Philoctetes  his  arms.  When  Hercules 
mounted  ( cdnscendere )  the  funeral-pile  ( rogus ),  Philoctetes 
received  his  arms.  7.  Bias  said  that  he  carried  everything 
[that  was]  his  with  him.  8.  The  bat,  [when]  caught  ( compre - 
hendere)  by  the  cat,  said  that  be  was  a  bird.  But  the  cat 
maintained  ( disputdre )  that  he  was  a  mouse.  9.  The  young  man 
hopes  to  live  long;  the  young  man  is  healthy  ( validus ),  there¬ 
fore  we  hope  that  he  will  live  long.  10.  Androclus  said  that  he 
had  entered  a  ( quidam )  cave ;  that  not  long  afterwards  (multo 
post)  a  lion  came  to  the  same  cave  with  a  disabled  ( debilis )  and 
bloody  (eruentas)  paw  (pes) :  at  the  first  sight  ( conspectus )  he 
was  frightened  ( terrere ),  but  that  he  had  come  up  [with]  mild 
and  gentle  [mien]  ( mdnsuetus ),  and  raised  up  [his]  paw  [and] 
held  ,  [it]  out  ( porrigo ,  §  667,  R.  l) ;  that  he  plucked  out 
(revello)  a  huge  splinter  (s£wps) ‘and  wiped  off  ( detergere )  the 
blood  ( criLor ) ;  and  that  from  that  day  he  and  the  lion  had 
lived  three  whole  years  ( triennium )  in  the  same  cave. 


G4 


SENTENCES  OF  DESIGN. 


XXXIX  Sentences  of  Design.  <t 

G.  545  foil. ;  A.  64  ;  A.  &  S.  262  ;  B.  1205  ;  H.  497 

108  Mus  cito  accurrit  ut  leonem  llberaret, 

The  mouse  ran  up  quickly  that  he  might ,  in  order  to ,  set  the  hon  free, 

Cervus  fugit  nS  a  canibus  corriperetur, 

The  stag  fled  that  he  might  not ,  lest  he  should ,  in  order  not  to  be  caught 
to  keep  from  being  caught  by  the  hounds. 

The  lion  feigned  sickness  to  deceive  the  beasts.  The  ass  put 
on  the  lion’s  skin  to  frighten  the  beasts.  Phrixus  and  Helle 
fled  from  home  in  order  not  to  be  sacrificed  ( immolare )  by 
[their]  father.  The  birds  flew  away  to  keep  from  being  seized 
by  the  vulture.  Parents  send  [their]  children  to  school  in 
order  that  they  may  learn.  Many  praise  others  in  order  to  be 
praised  by  them  (ille). 

Eris  threw  a  golden  apple  among  the  guests  ( conviva )  in 
order  to  excite  discord.  Agamemnon  was-about-to-sacrifice 
his  daughter  to  appease  ( pldcdre )  the  anger  of  Diana.  The 
wolf  put  on  a  sheep’s  skin  to  keep  from  being  recognized.  The 
gcjdier  rent  the  coat  ( tunica )  apart  ( discindere )  in  order  to 
ghow  ( ostenclere )  his  scars  ( cicatrix )  on  the  breast. 

109.  Rogo  ts  ut  proficiscSris,  I  beg  you  to  set  out. 

Rogo  te  nS  proficiscaris,  1  beg  you  not  to  set  out. 

The  mouse  exerted  itself  ( operant  dare)  to  set  the  lion  free. 
We  beg  you  to  show  us  the  way.  The  father  exhorts  [his] 
sons  to  be  harmonious  ( concors ,  rdis).  The  generals  gave 
instructions  ( praecipere )  that  the  gates  of  the  town  should  be 
shut.  The  father  reminded  ( admonere )  the  son  to  get  up  early 
(mane).  Menenius  Agrippa  induced  (commovere)  the  com¬ 
mons  to  return  to  (in)  the  city. 

The  priest  Laocoon  exhorted  the  Trojans  not  to  draw  the 
wooden  horse  into  the  city.  Beware  ( cavere )  of  falling 
(incidere)  into  the  snare  [y>^.].  Be  sure  (curare)  to  be  at  Rome 
in  the  month  [of]  January.  I  beg  of  you  to  dine  (coenare)  with 
me.  You  bring  me  (adducere)  to  agree  ( assentlri ,  Dat.)  with 
you.  The  general  admonishes  [his]  lieutenant  (leg atm)  to  be¬ 
ware  of  getting  into  an  engagement  (proelium  inire). 


SENTENCES  OF  TENDENCY  AND  RESULT. 


65 


XL.  Sentences  of  Tendency  and  Result. 

G.  553  foil. ;  A.  65  ;  A.  &  S.  262  ;  B.  1218 ;  H.  494. 

110.  Jdppiter  furOrem  taurO  injBcit  lit  flammSs  vomeret, 

Jupiter  enraged  the  hull  so  that  he  vomited  flames. 

Tanta  tranquillitas  exstitit  ut  naves  ex  loc5  movBrl  nOn  possent, 
There  came  so  great  a  calm  that  the  ships  could  not  (be)  move{d)  f  rom 
the  spot. 

1.  The  lion  divided  the  booty  ( praeda )  in  such  a  way  that 
he  himself  received  all  the  shares  ( pars ),  his  partners  (socii) 
nothing.  The  roar  of  the  lion  was  such  [=  so  great]  that  it 
could  be  heard  from  a  great  distance  (e  longinquo).  The  teeth 
of  mice  are  so  ( tom )  sharp  that  they  easily  gnaw  through  cords 
( laqueus ).  The  ass,  which  had  put  on  the  lion’s  skin,  fright¬ 
ened  the  animals  to-such-a-degree*  that  they  sought  safety  in 
[  =  by]  flight.  The  storm  was  so  violent  ( tantus )  that  the 
ships  were  carried  ( deferre )  out  of  ( cle )  [their]  course.  Seneca’s 
memory  was  so  strong  ( tantus )  that  he  repeated  ( recitdre )  two 
thousand  verses  ( versus ,  us).  The  doves  which  Zeuxis  had 
painted  were  so-well-done  (tails)  that  the  birds  were  deceived. 

2.  The  faithfulness  of  the  dog  was  such  that  he  did  not  go 
away  (cliscedere)  from  the  corpse  of  [his]  master.  The  infant 
Hercules  was  so  strong  (validus)  that  he  killed  two  snakes  with 
[his]  two  hands.  A  huge  rock  was  hanging  over  (impendere 
with  Dat.)  Tantalus,  so  that  he  was  always  in  fear.  Oenomaus 
had  very-swift  horses,  so  that  he  easily  outstripped  ( superdre ) 
the  suitors  ( procus )  of  [his]  daughter  in  [Ahl(\  the  race  (cnrsus). 
The  Trojans  kept  (se  continere)  within  the  walls  ( moenia ),  so 
that  a  pitched  battle  was  not  fought  ( acie  pugnatur)  until  the 
tenth  year  [=  in  the  tenth  year  at  length,  demum\.  Poets  are 
*o  (ltd)  charming  (dulcis)  that  they  are  not  only  (modo)  read 
but  even  (etiam)  learned  by  heart  (ediscere). 

XLI.  Miscellaneous  Examples. 

Accusative  and  Infinitive. — Sentences  of  Design  and  Result 

111.  1.  The  grapes  were  hanging  so  high  that  the  fox  could 

not  reach  them:  and  so  he  said  that  the  grapes  were  sour 

*  adeO 


66 


ABLATIVE  ABSOLUTE. 


( amdrus ).  I  do  not  agree  with  ( assentiri ,  Hat.)  those 

who  set  forth  ( disserere )  that  the  soul  [pi.]  perishes  at  the 
same  time  (simid)  with  the  body  [/>£.],  and  that  everything  is 
annihilated  ( delere )  by  death.  I  beg  that  you  do  not  let-your* 
courage -fail  ( animum  demittere).  Pylades  said  that  he  was 
Orestes  that  he  might  die  for  his  friend.  We  see  that  the 
moon  is  occasionally  (inter dum)  eclipsed  ( obscurare )  by  the 
sun.  We  have  heard  that  the  fields  were  laid  waste  (vastdre) 
by  the  enemy.  So  great  was  the  bravery  of  the  enemy  [pi. J 
that  none  ran,  but  all  were  killed  fighting.  Many  undergo 
(subire)  all  dangers  that  they  may  attain  (assequi)  fame. 

2.  The  shamelessness  (impudentia)  of  the  fellow  (homo)  is 
so  great  that  he  would  rather  beg  ( mendicdre )  than  work.  We 
perceive  by  the  touch  ( tactus )  that  ice  ( glades ,  ei)  is  cold 
(gelidus) ;  that  stones  are  hard.  Return  home  that  you  may 
not  lose  your  property  (res  familiar  is).  Write  distinctly  ( du - 
tincte)  that  I  may  be  able  to  read  thy  letter. 


XLII.  Ablative  Absolute. 

G.  408  foil.  668  foil. ;  A.  54, 10,  b  ;  A.  &  S.  257 ;  B.  965  ;  H.  431. 

112.  Xerxe  regnante  =  Quum  Xerx5s  regnaret, 

Xerxes  reigning.  When  Xerxes  was  reigning.  In  the  reign  of  Xerxes. 
Xerxe  victo  =  Quum  XerxSs  victus  esset, 

Xerxes  being ,  having  been ,  defeated.  When  Xerxes  had  been  defeated 
After  the  defeat  of  Xerxes. 

Xerxe  rege  =  Quum  XerxSs  rex  esset, 

Xerxes  [being]  king.  When  Xerxes  was  king. 

Mllit5s  tr&nseunt,  rSge  sedente  in  soliO, 

The  soldiers  pass  by  [while]  the  king  [is]  silting  on  [his]  throne. 

Urbe  expugnata  imperator  rediit, 

Passive  Form  :  The  city  [being]  taken ,  after  the  city  was  taken ,  the 

general  returned. 

Active  Form  :  Having  taken  the  city ,  after  Tie  had  taken  the  city ,  the 
general  returned. 

Abstract  Form  :  After  the  taking  of  the  city.  After  taking  the  city. 


ABLATIVE  ABSOLUTE. 


67 


113.  1  Tantalus  stood  in  the  midst  of  the  water  (287,  R.), 
while  apples  were  hanging  over  (super)  his  head.  Those  who 
are  afraid  turn  pale  ( pallescere ),  because  the  blood  goes  down 
(ddscendere)  from  the  face  (os).  After  the  kings  were  banished 
consuls  were  chosen  at  Rome.  Demosthenes  told  a  story 
(fabula)  in  court  (judicium)  to  make  the  judges  [—  that  they 
might  be]  attentive.  When  all  were  listening  ( auscultdre ),  he 
went  off  suddenly.  Once-upon-a-time  ( olim ),  although  the 
rest  of  the  city  had  been  taken  by  the  Gauls  (Gallus),  never¬ 
theless  (tamen)  the  Romans  kept  possession  of  (retinere)  the 
citadel.  As  the  murderers  (percussores)  of  [his]  master 
were  passing  by,  the  dog  rushed  forth  (prdcurrere)  in  a  rage 
(furens). 

2.  After  Hercules  had  killed  the  lion,  he  took  off  (detrahere) 
the  skin.  After  I  had  read  thy  letter,  I  at  once  had  a  talk 
(colloqui)  with  thy  brother.  The  mouse,  having  heard  the  roar 
(fremitus)  of  the  lion,  ran  up.  Loosening  [=  having  loosened] 
the  snares  ( laqueus ),  it  set  the  lion  free.  After  Darius  had  got 
up  (parare)  great  forces,  he  waged  war  on  ( helium  inferre ,  with 
Dat.)  the  Scythians  (Scytha).  Phrixus  having  sacrificed  the 
ram,  hanged  up  (suspendere)  the  fleece  on  (de)  an  oak  in  the 
sanctuary  (fanum)  of  Mars.  After  Jason  had  taken  (tollere) 
the  fleece  from  the  sanctuary,  he  fled  back  (refugere)  to  [his] 
native-land. 

3.  At  the  arrival  (advemre)  of  the  Persians,  the  Greeks 
occupied  Thermopylae.  After  overcoming  the  Persians,  the 
Athenians  restored  (restituere)  the  walls.  After  losing  (amitr 
tere)  [their]  camp,  the  Persians  fled  to  [their]  ships.  After  the 
expulsion  (pello)  of  the  royal  family  [=  kings],  Brutus  and 
Collatinus  were  made  consuls.  Immediately  after  receiving 
(accipere)  thy  letter  I  set  out.  After  murdering  his  motner, 
Orestes  fled,  driven  (agitdre)  by  the  Furies.  We  set  out 
from  Rome  at  sunrise  (onn),  and  hastened  (accelerdre)  our 
journey  so  that  we  came  to  Circeji  at  sunset  (occidere).  Jason, 
with  the  help  of  (adjuvdre  or  adjdtrix)  Medea,  accomplished 


68 


DOUBLE  ACCUSATIVE. 


everything  that  Aeetes  had  imposed  on  him  ( imperare  aliquid 
alicui).  Paris  carried  Helen  off  at  the  instigation  (instlgdre) 
of  Venus. 

XLIII.  Double  Accusative. 

Gr.  333  ;  A.  52,  2  ;  A.  &  S.  230  foil. ;  B.  734  ;  H.  374. 

114  Orftre  (rogSre)  aliquem  aliquid,  to  beg  a  man  for  a  thing. 
interrogare  aliquem  aliquid,  to  ask  a  man  a  question. 

de  aliquS  re,  to  ask  about  a  thing. 

poscere  (flagitSre)  aliquem  aliquid,  /  _ . 

ab  aliquS  aliquid,  demand  a  thm<>  °fa  nian' 
postulare  (petere)  ab  aliquo  aliquid,  to  ask  a  man  for  a  thing. 
quaerere  ex  (ab,  de)  aliquo  aliquid,  to  ask  a  man  about  a  thing. 

115.  Many  men  beg  the  gods  for  riches.  We  ought  ( debere ) 
not  to  beg  [our]  friends  for  shameful  things.  I  ask  this  benefit 
of  you  with  perfect  {mens,  §  299  R.)  right.  The  father  asked 
[his]  son  [his]  opinion.  What?  If  I  ask  (236  R.  2)  a  question  of 
you,  will  you  not  (§  457)  answer  ?  The  proconsul  demanded 
money  of  the  authorities  (magistrdtus)  of  the  city.  Darius 
demanded  earth  and  water  of  the  Scythians.  They  sent  [him] 
a  bird,  a  frog,  [and]  a  mouse.  Imitate  these  little  animals 
{bestiola),  said  the  ambassadors,  if  you  wish  to  escape  {effugere) 
destruction  {interitus).  Beg  thy  mother  [’s]  pardon.  Before 
the  battle  of  Marathon  {Marathonius)  the  Athenians  asked  the 
Lacedaemonians  for  help.  The  boy  asked  [his]  teacher  about 
the  contents  {argumentum)  of  the  book.  I  ask  your  advice  as 
( ut )  I  usually  do  {soled). 

Accusative  of  Extent :  G.  335-8  ;  A.  55  ;  A.  &  S.  236 ;  B.  958,  950  ;  H.  370. 

116.  The  wall  is  five  hundred  feet  long.  The  tower  is  one 
hundred  and  eighty-nine  feet  high.  We  were  {Perf.)  two  hours 
together  {und).  The  soldiers  were  kept  back  {retinere)  in  the 
harbor  by  storms  [for]  many  months.  I  am  with  him  whole 
days  and  often  {saepe)  a  part  of  the  night.  Appius  Claudius  was 
blind  for  many  years.  The  Greeks  besieged  Trov  ten  years. 
The  Spartans  preserved  their  customs  and  laws  seven  hun* 
dred  years.  Cato  [was]  ninety-five  years  old  [when  he]  de- 


PREPOSITIONS  WITH  TIIE  ACCUSATIVE. 


69 


parted  ( exceclere )  [this]  life  ( Abl .).  Alexander  [was]  twenty- 
one  years  old  [when  he]  became  king.  There  was  a  certaii; 
Arganthonius  at  Cadiz  ( Gddes ,  ium)  who  reigned  eighty  and 
lived  one  hundred  and  twenty  years.  He  has  been  teaching 
(§  221)  by  this  time  {jam)  above  seven  years  [==  the  eighth 
year].  He  has  been  reigning  going  on  thirty-one  years. 

XLIV.  Prepositions  with  the  Accusative. 

G.  417  ;  A.  56 ;  A.  &  S.  235  ;  B.  981  ;  H.  433. 

117.  With  the  Greeks  geometry  (- tria )  was  in  the  highest  honor. 
The  river  Eurotas  flows  {flnere)  past  Sparta.  Nothing  delays 
{mordrl)  our  journey  except  the  storm.  Besides  thee  no  one 
feels  my  pain.  This  happens  contrary  to  my  wish  and  contrary 
to  [=  aside  from]  expectation  {opinio).  The  command  in 
chief  {summum  imperium)  was  in  the  hands  of  {penes)  Aga¬ 
memnon  ( Gen .,  dnis).  The  earth  revolves  {se  convertere) 
around  its  axis  with  the  greatest  speed.  Naevius  sent 
{dimittere)  the  boys  round-among  {circum)  [his]  friends. 
There  were  temples  round  about  the  forum.  The  armies  are 
marching  towards  {ad — versus)  the  ocean.  We  sailed  south¬ 
ward  [south  =  merldies\  We  have  love  and  kindly  feeling 
{benivolentia)  towards  friends.  The  soldiers  fought  bravely 
against  the  en^my.  The  Romans  called  the  land  this  side  the 
Alps  Cisalpine  Gaul  ( Gallia),  the  land  beyond  the  Alps,  Trans¬ 
alpine  [Gaul].  The  timid  proconsul  did  not  set  {efferre)  [his] 
foot  out  of  (§  388)  the  gate  so  long  as  (§  571)  the  enemy  was 
this  side  of  the  Euphrates.  There  is  a  sanctuary  {fanum)  in  the 
6eld  hard  by  {propter)  the  town.  On  account  of  the  snow  Mount 
Taurus  can  not  be  passed  before  the  month  of  June  {Junius). 
The  dangers  of  navigation  were  so  great  that  death  often 
stared  us  in  the  face  {versdri  ob  oculos) ;  therefore  I  will  return 
by  land  {pedibus).  The  Greeks  had  their  camp  along  (, secun - 
dura)  the  sea  [shore].  The  legion  marched  {iter  facer e)  along 
the  river.  Hold  what  [plj\  is  according  to  nature;  reject  what 
is  contrary  to  nature.  Enemies  are  within  the  walls  and  with¬ 
out  the  walls.  Without  [=  outside  of]  the  gate  there  is  a 


70 


DATIVE. 


temple.  We  are  talking  with  one  another  (212).  The  boyn 
love  one  another.  I  dictated  this  letter  to  my  clerk  [while]  at 
{inter)  dinner.  In  the  midst  of  arms  laws  are  silent.  Between 
the  Lydians  and  the  Persians  ( Persa )  ran  (esse)  the  Halys. 
The  general  pitched  ( ponere )  [his]  camp  hard  by  (juxtd)  the 
wall.  The  Athenians  brought  the  Ionians  (Jones)  help  against 
the  Persians.  Sardanapalus  sat  among  the  women,  and  distri 
buted  the  wool1  among  them.  There  is  a  great  difference  (di& 
crimen)  between  a  bold  and  a  rash  (temerarius)  man.  I  cannot 
believe  that  you  will  go  across  the  sea.  1  lana 

XLV.  Dative. 

G.  343  foil. ;  A.  51 ;  A.  &  S.  222  ;  B.  814  ;  H.  382. 

118.  This  business  is  too  (nimis)  difficult  for  thee.  We  are  not 
on  earth  to  live  merely  ( tantum )  for  ourselves  (nos).  To  the 
husbandmen  peace  (otium)  is  very  desirable  (optdtus).  To 
the  unhappy  man,  time  is  very  long ;  to  the  happy  man,  very 
short.  In  the  lower  world  (apud  inferos)  punishments  are  in 
readiness  (pardtus)  for  the  impious.  That  cry  (vdx),  “I  am  a 
Roman  citizen,”  has  brought  to  many,  in  the  most  distant  (ultir 
mus)  lands,  help  (ops)  and  salvation.  I  beg  you  to  care  for 
(servire)  your  health.  Nothing  is  difficult  for  a  man  in-love 
(arndns).  Perseus  cut  off  (abscidere)  the  dragon’s  head  for 
him.  The  girl  snatched  (eripere)  the  apples  from  the  boy 
[=  the  boy’s  apples  from  him].  The  tailor  (sartor)  will  get  his 
head  broken  (comminuere) .  I  will  send  you  a  letter.  I  will 
gend  a  letter  to  you.  It  is  honorable  (decorum)  to  undergo 
death  for  [one’s]  parents. 

G.  345  ;  A.  51.  2  ;  A  &  S.  223,  R.  2  ;  B.  831 ;  H.  385. 

119.  Your  friends  favor  (favere)  you.  The  king  will  not  favor 
the  flatterer  (as$entdtor).  My  brother  has  not  favored  my 
interests  (res).  The  prince  favored  the  arts.  I  study  literature 
(literae).  My  brother  devotes  himself  to  (studere)  agriculture. 
Be  zealous  for  virtue.  The  Athenians  are  fond  of  (studere) 


DATIVE. 


71 


revolution  ( res  novae).  I  have  long  ( diu )  devoted  myself 
to  this  art.  The  bad  are  wont  to  depreciate  ( obtreclare )  ths 
praise  of  the  good.  The  good  man  ( probus )  envies  nobody. 
Men  are  most  ( maxime )  envious  of  [their]  equals  (par)  of 
[their]  inferiors.  The  bad  are  envious-  of  the  praise  of  the 
good.  I  will  supplicate  the  king  for  thee.  You  will  not  per* 
suade  me.  Ino  persuaded  Athamas  ( Gen.  Athcomantis)  to  sac 
rifice  the  children.  Themistocles  persuaded  Xerxes  to  return 
home  quickly.  Spare  me !  I  beg  you  on  my  knees  ( suppli - 
care).  Codrus  spared  not  his  life  that  he  might  provide  for 
(< consulere )  his  native-land.  The  bad  are  often  spared  by  the 
good  (208).  When  the  enemy  had  carried  ( expugndre )  the 
city,  they  spared  neither  old  men  nor  women  nor  little  chil¬ 
dren  [=  not  old  men,  not  women,  not  little  children].  Clytaem- 
nestra  had  married  Aegisthus.  The  physician  ( medieus )  heals 
diseases.  I  beg  you  to  cure  me.  Cicero  wished  ( cupere )  to 
heal  civil  discord. 

120.  Thou  art  acting  as  becomes  thee.  It  is  becoming  to  a 
youth  to  be  unassuming  ( verecundus ).  It  is  unbecoming  ( de - 
decet)  to  a  philosopher  to  do  anything  (§  304)  for  (Gen.)  which 
he  can  ( Subj .,  §  633)  give  no  reason.  Philip  the  Fifth  of  Mace- 
don  (Adj.)  was  more  satirical  (diedx)  than  is  seemly  for  a  king. 
Credit  usually  fails  men,  when  money  fails  [them],  (Abl.  Ads.) 
Peace  has-its-charms  (juvdre)  for  some  (alii),  war  for  others 
(alii).  No  one  has  ever  come  up  to  (aequdre)  Dionysius  in  cru¬ 
elty  [  =  the  cruelty  of  Dionysius]. 

G.  346  ;  A.  51,  2 ;  A.  &  S.  224;  B.  826 ;  H.  386. 

121.  I  have  always  stood  by  (adesse)  the  king  in  his  absence 
(§  324,  R.  6).  The  infant  crept  up  (adrepere  ad)  the  breast 
(mamma)  of  [his]  mother  [as  she  was]  dying.  Cicero  excelled 
(antecedo)  [his]  contemporaries  (aequdlis)  in  (Abl.)  eloquence. 
The  virgin  dares  (audere)  to  come  into  conflict  with  (concurrere) 
men.  The  countenance  of  Domitius  did  not  tally  ( consentire , 
§  346,  R.  1)  with  his  talk  (ordtio).  The  whole  discourse  is  con¬ 
sistent  with  (ednstare)  itself,  and  tallies  with  itself  (§  298)  in 
(ex)  every  part.  The  patricians  were  compelled  (edeje^e  ut)  to 


72 


DATIVE. 


share  ( communicdre )  [their]  honors  with  the  plebeians.  The 
orator  pressed  the  accuser  ( accusdtor )  hard  ( instare ,  press 
hard).  It  is  a  bad  thing  to  fall  into  ( incidere )  the  hands  ct 
wicked  ( improbus )  men.  Sulla  said  that  there  were  (in esse) 
many  Mariuses  in  Caesar.  The  ploughman  bends  (incumbere) 
over  [his]  plough.  Great  [is  the]  danger  [that]  threatens 
(imminere)  us.  Night  interrupted  ( intervenire )  the  engage 
ment.  What  is  the  use  (quid  juvat )  of  running  to  meet 
(occurrere)  suffering  (dolor)  [half-way]  ?  He  said  that  [his] 
modesty  ( pudor)  interfered  with  ( obesse )  [his]  flow-of-language 
(orcitio).  It  is  hard  to  preserve  fairness  (aequitas)  when  you 
desire  (Per/.  Subj.)  to  excel  (praestdre)  all.  Dolabella  suc¬ 
ceeded  (succedere)  you  so  soon  (tarn  cito)  that  many  people 
abused  (vituperdre)  him  soundly  (valde).  The  general  exhorted 
the  soldiers  to  move  up  (succedere)  into  the  fight.  If  you 
hasten  (234,  R.  1),  you  will  surprise  ( supervenire )  the  enemy. 


G-.  349  ;  A.  51,  3  ;  A.  &  S.  226 ;  B.  821  ;  H.  387. 

122.  My  father  lias  many  sons  and  [only]  one  daughter.  I 
have  this  book  always  in  hand  [p£].  Men  have  a  certain  likeness 
to  (cum)  God.  An  obliging  (officiosus)  man  has  many  friends. 
You  will  have  the  first  place  in  the  school  (ludus).  Socrates 
had  great  wisdom.  Themistocles  had  extraordinary  (incredi- 
bilis)  readiness  of  invention  (sollertia  ingenii).  My  name  is 
Lucius.  Her  name  is  Tulliola. 

G.  350  ;  A.  51,  5 ;  A.  &  S.  227  ;  B.  848  ;  H.  390. 

fi 23.  Avarice  is  of  great  harm  to  men.  Thy  state-of-health 
(valetudo)  is  a  source  of  great  anxiety  (sollicitudo)  to  me. 
Your  recommendation  (commenddtio)  will  be  of  great  use  to 
me.  This  thing  is  a  great  pleasure  to  me.  Thy  interests  (res) 
lire  very  near  (curae)  to  me.  I  have  this  duty  at  heart  (cordi). 
We  beg  you  to  come  to  our  help.  The  Plataeans  (Plataeenses) 
Bent  the  Athenians  a  thousand  men  as  reinforcement [s]  (auxi 
Hum).  Thy  rescue  is  not  [a  matter]  of  greater  concern  to  you 
than  [it  is]  to  me.  In  many  things  the  faithfulness  and  fore¬ 
sight  of  slaves  have  been  of  great  use. 


CONSTRUCTION  OF  ADJECTIVES. - GENITIVE  WITH  SUBSTANTIVES.  73 


XLVI.  Construction  of  Sundry  Adjectives. 


350,  373  ;  A. 

51,  6,  54,  5;  A.  &  8.  223,  11.  2,  213,  R.  5 

(3),  244  ;  B.  863 

1 

807,  919 ;  H.  391, 

399,  419. 

r 

*»• 

idoneus, 

suitable. 

refertus, 

filled. 

aequalis, 

contemporaiy. 

vacuus, 

empty. 

contrarius, 

opposite. 

fretus, 

trusting. 

proprius, 

own,  peculiar. 

praeditus, 

endowed. 

communis, 

common. 

contentus, 

content. 

dignus,  indignus,  worthy ,  unworthy. 

alienus, 

foreign,  averse . 

125.  Horses  are  useful  for  war.  The  general  picked  out  (deli- 
gere)  a  suitable  place  for  the  camp.  As  ( ut )  a  shore  without  a 
harbor  cannot  be  safe  (tutus)  for  ships,  so  (sic)  a  heart  (animus) 
without  fidelity  cannot  be  stable  (stabilis)  for  friends. 

126.  Wolves  are  like  dogs.  Monkeys  (simia)  are  like  men. 
Death  is  very  like  sleep.  Charles  the  Twelfth  wished  (velle)  to 
be  like  Alexander.  I  am  of  the  same  age  (aequalis)  as  thy 
brother.  Vice  is  the  opposite  of  virtue.  Bravery  is  especia  uy 
(maxime)  peculiar  to  men.  In  a  proverb  of  the  Greeks  it  is 
said  (est)  that  all  things  are  common  to  friends. 

127.  Only  (tantum)  few  are  deserving  of  praise.  The  city  was 
surrendered  to  Caesar  empty  of  [its]  garrison  (praesidium), 
[but]  filled  with  stores  (copiae).  Thou  art  free  (vacuus)  from 
faults.  We  are  free  (liber)  from  all  mental  excitement  (aniim 
perturbdtio).  The  deeds  (res  gestae)  of  the  general  deserve  a 
triumph  (triumphus).  To  wail  (Idmentdri)  is  unworthy  of 
a  man.  Thou  hast  (esse),  Marcus  Tullius,  children  and  relations 
worthy  of  thee.  Relying  (fretus)  on  thy  help,  we  have  under¬ 
taken  (suscipere)  this  business.  A  bad  man  is  never  free 
(vacuus)  from  fear.  Fraud  is  foreign  to  a  good  man. 

XLVII.  Genitive  with  Substantives. 

G.  357  ;  A.  50;  A.  &  S.  211 ;  B.  751  ;  H.  393. 

tin  English,  oilier  prepositions  besides  of  are  often  used  to  express  the 
Genitive  relation.) 

128.  Many  sought  participation  (societas)  in  the  emigration 

4 


74 


GENITIVE. 


( demigratio ).  Sleep  is  a  refuge  ( perfugium )  from  all  toils 
and  cares  ( sollicitudo ).  You  cannot  escape  punishment  v/b' 
this  fault  [culpa).  We  will  have  consideration  [ratio)  for  thee 
and  thine.  Know  that  thy  grandmother  is  almost  dead  ol 
( Abl .)  longing  (desiderium)  for  thee. 

Gr.  366  foil.  ;  A.  50,  2  ;  A.  &  S.  212  ;  B.  748;  H.  396,  III. 

129.  The  number  of  the  enemy  and  the  great  quantity  (vis)  oi 
missiles  (telum)  did  not  frighten  olf  ( absterrere )  Alexander  [not 
the  number ...  not  the  great  quantity].  The  conquered  paid 
( pender e)  a  great  amount  ( pondus )  of  gold  and  silver.  In  the 
provinces  of  the  Roman  Empire  there  was  a  great  number  of 
Roman  citizens. 

130.  Five  hundred  soldiers  were  in  the  city.  But  two  hundred 
of  the  soldiers  were  wounded.  Only  (tantum)  a  few  of  the 
scholars  are  lazy.  Many  Romans  had  one  thousand  slaves ; 
some  had  three  thousand  slaves ;  the  richest  as  many  as  [=  even] 
thirty  thousand  slaves.  Many  of  those  trees  were  set  out  (sero, 
sevi ,  satum)  by  my  hand.  Tarquinius  Superbus  was  the 
seventh  and  ( atque )  last  of  the  kings  of  Rome  [Adj).  Forty 
of  us  are  bound  [astringere)  by  an  oath  (jus  jurandum).  Which 
of  us  will  bell  the  cat  (annectere  tintinnabulum ,  with  Dat)  ? 
To  which  of  these  boys  did  you  give  the  letter  ?  Two  boys 
spoke  at  the  same  time  (simul).  Which  of  them  answered 
correctly  ( recte )  ?  Which  of  you  will  help  the  unfortunate 
man  ?  No  mortal  is  happy  at  all  hours.  Which  of  (inter)  all 
the  orators  was  more  eloquent  than  Demosthenes  ?  Does  not 
another  example  occur  to  each  one  (unus  quisque)  of  you  ? 
Tarquin  had  two  sons,  one  of  whom  was  like  [his]  father;  the 
other  was  of  a  milder  disposition  ( ingenium ).  The  soul  ( ani¬ 
mus )  is  divided  (distribuere)  into  two  parts,  one  of  which 
partakes  of  (participem  esse)  reason,  the  other  does  not  ( expe* 
tern  esse). 

131.  Alexander  sent  his  older  (senior)  soldiers  back  to  utheir| 
country.  Of  all  the  Greeks  the  bravest  were  the  Lacedae¬ 
monians.  Athens  had  many  orators,  of  whom  the  most 


GENITIVE  WITH  ADJECTIVES. 


75 


eminent  ( praestans )  was  Demosthenes.  We  believe  that  our 
better  part  is  immortal. 

132.  Of  those  who  have  held  absolute-authority  ( dominatus ) 
the  most  prominent  (excellent)  have  been  among  the  Persians, 
Cyrus  and  Darius,  the  son  of  Hystaspes,  each  ( uterque )  of  whom 
obtained  the  throne  ( regnum )  by  merit  ( virtus ).  The  first  of 
them  fell  in  the  land  of  ( ctpiid )  the  Massagetae  in  an  engage¬ 
ment  ;  Darius  died  (supremum  diem  obire)  of  ( Abl .)  old  age. 
There  are  three  besides  of  the  same  family  (genus),  Xerxes  and 
two  Artaxerxes.  Of  the  people  (gdns)  of  the  Macedonians  two 
distinguished  themselves  (excellere)  by  [their]  achievements  in 
war  (res  gestae ),  Philip,1  the  son  of  Amyntas,  and  Alexander 
the  Great ;  of  these  one  was  carried  off  (cdnsumere)  by  sickness 
at  Babylon  ;  the  other,  Philip,  was  murdered  by  one2  Pausanias 
near  the  theatre  at  Aegae.  1  Philippus.  2  quidam. 

G.  372  ;  A.  50,  1,  i;  A.  &  S.  247,  R.  2 ;  H.  414,  2,  3. 

133.  The  avaricious  do  everything  for  the  sake  of  money.  The 
universe  was  made  for  the  sake  of  gods  and  men.  Sailors  are 
wont  to  hasten  (festmare)  for  the  sake  of  gain  ( quaestus , 


XL VIII.  Genitive  with  Adjectives  and  Verbs. 


A.  Genitive  with  Adjectives:  G.  373;  A.  50,  3,  b;  A.  &  S.  213;  B.  765 

H.  399. 

134.  VOCABULARY  : 


plBnus, 

cupidus, 

avidus, 

studiosus, 

inseius, 

peiltus, 

imperltus, 

amtins, 


full 

eager. 

greedy. 

zealous  of  devoted  to. 

ignorant. 

skilled. 

unskilled. 

loving. 


memor, 
immemor, 
particeps,  ipis, 
expers,  tis, 
compos,  otis, 
inops,  opis, 
ten&x, 
appetBns, 


mindful, 
unmindful, 
sharing  in. 
without  share  in, 
in  possession  cf. 
needy, 
tenacious, 
desirous. 


135.  The  houses  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans  were  full  of  the 
most  beautiful  statues  (signum)  and  paintings.  The  letter 
which  you  wrote  [ Ppf !]  on  your  birthday  (dies  natdlis)  was 
full  of  good  promise  (spes).  The  proconsul  was  eager  for  gold 


76 


GENITIVE  WITH  ADJECTIVES. 


Cicero  was  always  very  greedy  of  fame  ( laus ).  Boys  are 
devoted  to  ball  ( pila ).  Cato  was  very  fond  (per studio  sus\ 
of  Greek  literature  in  [bis]  old  age.  I  am  conscious  of  my 
guilt  (culpa).  Histiaeus  was  privy  to  the  conspiracy.  I  have 
made  all  my  friends  partakers  of  my  pleasure.  Thou  hast  been 
a  partaker  of  all  my  toils  and  dangers.  The  beasts  have  no 
share  in  reason  (ratio)  and  speech.  A  drunken  (dbrius)  man  ia 
not  in  possession  of  his  mind.  Miltiades  was  highly  skilled  in 
war.  I  will  be  mindful  of  thy  commission  (manddtum).  A 
life  without  friends  is  full  of  treachery  (insidiae)  and  fear. 
You  are  greedier  of  fame  than  is  enough.  Cicero  was  very 
much  devoted  to  ( amdns )  Pompey.1  All  who  are  in  posses¬ 
sion  of  virtue  are  happy.  I  envy  [those- who-are]  tenacious  of 
purpose  (propositum).  I  know  that  you  are  not  poor  in  words. 
All  hate  the-man-that-is-unmindlul  of  benefits  1  Pompejus 

B.  Genitive  with  Verbs :  G.  375  foil.  ;  A.  50,  4 ;  A.  &  S.  214  foil. ;  B.  780 ; 

H.  291  foil. 

130.  The  father  reminded  his  son  of  [his]  duty.  Remember 
thy  promise.  Croesus  remembered  Solon  when  he  was  placed 
( imponere ,  Ppf  Subj.)  by  Cyrus  on  the  pile  (rogus).  Recol¬ 
lect  (reminisci)  the  ancient  (pristinus)  virtue  of  [thy]  fore¬ 
fathers  (majores).  I  have  not  forgotten  thy  advice.  Men 
usually  forget  benefits  more  readily  than  insults.  Do  not  for¬ 
get  my  sufferings. 

137.  I  am  ashamed  of  my  folly.  I  pity  you.  I  am  disgusted 
(piget)  with  flatterers  (assentator).  I  am  sorry  for  my  angry 
temper  (irdcundia).  Who  is  not  weary  of  the  long  journey  ? 
There  are  [people]  who  are  neither  ashamed  of  their  faults 
(vitium), nor  sorry  [for  them]. 

138.  Roscius  of  Ameria  (Amerimts)  [was]  accused  of  parricide 
( parricldium)  [but  he]  was  acquitted  of  this  charge  (crimen) 
by  the  exertion  [s]  (opera)  of  Cicero.  Socrates  was  accused 
of  imjfiety  and  condemned  to  death.  Many  of  the  judges 
wished  to  acquit  him  of  the  capital  charge  (caput)  and  mulcf 
{m.ultdre)  him  in  a  [sum  of]  money. 


ABLATIVE  (SEPARATIVE). 


7? 


XLIX.  Ablative  (Separative). 

G.  388 ;  A.  54,  1 ;  A  &  S.  251 ;  B.  916 :  H.  425. 

139.  V  X3ABTJLABY : 


prlvare, 

rob. 

abundare, 

abound. 

spoliare, 

despoil. 

redundare, 

overflow. 

solvere, 

loosen ,  free. 

florBre, 

flourish. 

nudare, 

strip. 

vacare, 

be  empty,  free. 

implBre, 

fill 

carBre, 

do,  be,  icitliout. 

orbare, 

bereave. 

egBre, 

need. 

140.  A  heart-ache  ( aegritudo )  has  robbed  me  of  sleep.  I  beg 
you  to  free  me  from  this  annoyance  ( molestia ).  The  soldiei 
despoiled  the  prisoner  of  [his]  clothes  ( vestitus )  in  order  that 
he  might  not  himself  be  starved  (cdnficere)  with  the  cold 
Tomyris  filled  a  skin  ( uter ,  tris)  with  human  blood,  into  which 
she  threw  the  head  of  Cyrus. 

The  cellar  ( cella )  of  a  good  and  energetic  master  is  always 
chokeful  of  wine  and  oil  {oleum),  and  his  house  {villa),  abounds 
in  milk,  cheese  [and  §  483]  honey.  The  bad  are  unhappy 
even  if  ( etsi )  they  abound  ( Subj .)  in  pleasures.  It  is  a  great 
consolation  ( solatium i)  to  be  free  from  fault.  Nothing  can  be 
honorable  {honestus)  that  lacks  ( vacare )  justice.  I  can  no 
longer  ( diu )  do  without  thy  counsel  and  thy  help.  Thou  dost 
not  need  exhortation. 

Thou  hast  freed  the  city  from  danger  and  the  citizens  { civitds ) 
from  fear.  Old  age  is  free  from  those  services  {munus)  which 
cannot  be  assumed  ( sustinere )  without  strength.  I  was  accused 
of  negligence,  but  I  was  free  from  blame.  Very  unfortunate 
are  [those]  who  lack  {ear ere)  the  sense  \_pl .]  of  sight  {oculi) 
and  of  hearing  {aures).  Your  friend  does  not  need  any 
[re] commendation  to  {apud)  me.  Some  are  poor  {inops)  in 
words ;  some  abound  in  words.  If  souls  do  not  continue-to- 
live  {remanere),  we  are  robbed  of  the  hope  of  a  more  blessed 
life.  Priam  is  bereft  of  his  whole  progeny  {progenies).  Wis¬ 
dom  heals  souls,  frees  from  desires,  banishes  {pellere)  fears. 
The  wise  man  does  not  need  consolation ;  for  he  will  always 
be  free  from  heaviness-of-heart  {aegrttn^^ , 


78 


ABLATIVE  WITH  SUNDRY  VERBS. 


L.  Ablative  with  sundry  Verbs. 

(Ttor,  fruor,  potior,  yescor ;  G.  405  ;  A.  54,  6,  d ;  A.  &  S.  245 ;  B.  880 , 
H.  419.  [H  419. 

Laetor,  gldrior,  confido  ;  G.  407 ;  A.  54,  3 ;  A.  &  S.  247, 1  (2) ;  B.  873 ; 
Dignor  ;  G.  398,  R.  2 ;  A.  54,  3,  a;  A.  &  S.  244,  R.  1 ;  H.  419. 

Nitor  ;  G.  403,  R.  3 ;  A.  54,  6  ;  A.  &  S.  245,  II. ;  B.  880 ;  H.  419. 

141.  The  old  painters  used  but  few  (pauci)  colors.  Thy 
brother  has  persuaded  me  to  follow  ( uti )  thy  advice.  Pausanias 
wore  ( uti )  Median1  costume  ( vestis ).  Navigation  was  very 
difficult,  for  we  had  (uti)  head  (adversus)  winds.  Not  for  this 
alone  [=  this  one  thing]  hath  man  been  born  to  (ut)  enjoy 
pleasures.  That  is  each  man’s  ( quisque )  property  ( proprium ) 
that  he  (quisque)  enjoys  and  uses.  The  Helots  (Helotae)  per¬ 
formed  the  offices  (munus)  of  slaves.  The  citizens  filled  the 
offices  of  state  for  nothing  (gratis).  Men  in  the  earliest  times 
[=  the  most  ancient  men]  lived  on  acorns.  The  wayfarer 
threw  himself  flat  (se  prosternere)  on  the  ground  ( humi ),  re¬ 
membering  (quum)  that  bears  did  not  feed  on  corpses.  In  the 
cities  of  Ionia  tyrants  had  made  themselves  masters  of  the 
supreme-authority  (imperium).  Many  rejoiced  at  the  death  of 
Caesar.  We  rejoice  in  the  recollection  (reeordatio)  of  past 
(praeteritus)  pleasures.  Who  can  (Put.)  confide  in  strength 
(firmitds)  of  body  ?  Who  can  boast  of  stability  of  fortune  ? 
The  insolent  fellow  did  not  deign  to  speak  to  me  or  to  look  at 
me  (use:  sermo ,  visas).  The  rule  (domindtio)  of  the  Greek 
tyrants  rested  on  (niti)  the  royal-power  (regnum)  of  Darius. 
The  shepherd  feeds  (pascere)  the  sheep  leaning  (278,  R.)  on 
|_his]  staff.  1Medns ,  a ,  am. 

I  accept  the  excuse  (excusatio)  which  you  have  proffered 
(uti).  The  laws  which  the  Athenians  obeyed  (uti),  were  given 
by  Solon.  I  have  been  on  very  intimate  terms  (familiarise 
rime  uti)  with  thy  brother.  We  shall  avail  ourselves  (uti)  of 
thy  help  (opera)  and  thy  advice.  The  Stoics  said  that  all  were 
rich  who  could  (Impf.  tiubj.)  enjoy  sky  and  earth.  Camels 
(camelus)  perform  the  services  (ministerium)  of  beasts-of- 
draught  (jumentum).  Alexander  made  himself  master  of 
the  empire  of  the  whole  of  Asia.  The  Pythagoreans  (Pytha* 


/ 


PREPOSITIONS  WITH  THE  ABLATIVE. 


79 


goreus)  were  forbidden  ( interdlcere ,  298)  to  ( ne )  eat  beans  (195, 
R.  8).  There  is  nothing  at  which  [  =  at  nothing]  I  am  wonl 
to  rejoice  so  much  {tain)  as  ( quam )  at  the  consciousness  {eon* 
scientia )  of  the  discharge-of-my-duties  {officia).  We  stay  our¬ 
selves  on  thy  advice  and  thy  influence  {auctoritds).  The 
Athenians  boasted  of  their  origin.  We  do  not  deem  thee  wor¬ 
thy  of  such  honor. 

LI.  Prepositions  with  the  Ablative. 

G.  418  ;  A.  56,  a;  A.  &  S.  195,  5 ;  B.  982 ;  H.  484. 

142.  The  coldest  {frigidus)  winds  are  those  which  blow 
{spirdre)  from  the  north  {septentrio).  I  come  from  [my] 
mother.  The  fear  ( metus )  of  divine  punishment  [supplicium) 
has  recalled  many  from  crime.  Philoctetes  received  the  arrows 
from  Hercules.  You  have  devoted  yourselves  {studere)  from 
boyhood  ( pueritia )  to  the  best  branches  of  learning  {disci- 
plina)  and  to  the  best  accomplishments  {ars).  From  [my] 
earliest  youth  {iniens  aetas)  I  have  been  on  very  intimate  terms 
with  Gajus  Curtius.  Rome  was  founded  by  Romulus.  Greece 
was  saved  by  Themistocles.  The  souls  of  dying  [men]  fly 
(evolare)  from  the  bonds  {vinculum)  of  the  body,  as  if  {tarn- 
quam)  from  a  prison  {career).  The  water  runs  down  ( deldbi ) 
from  either  side  {pars)  of  the  roof.  In  [=  out  of]  all  the 
ages  (saeculum)  there  are  scarcely  {vix)  three  or  four  pairs 
( par ,  J¥eut.)  of  friends  mentioned-by-name  {nomindre).  From 
this  day  on  {ex)  I  will  be  good.  The  conquered  enemies  sent 
a  commissioner  {legatus)  to  treat  {agere)  for  [concerning] 
peace.  The  sailor  has  leaped  down  from  the  ship,  and  is  stand¬ 
ing  up  to  [his]  neck  in  water.  What  do  you  think  of  this 
piece-of- writing  {senptum)  ?  The  exiles  {exsul)  wandered  about 
(vagari)  with  [their]  wives  and  children.  He  came  from  the 
harbor  with  a  lantern  {Idterna).  We  will  speak  {colloqui)  with 
your  father  about  this  matter.  Cyrus  carried  on  war  with  the 
Scythians.  Tim  Greeks  had  {esse)  a  struggle  {certdmen)  with 
the  Persians  for  [their]  altars  and  hearth  [stone]  s  {focus)  and 
for  the  temples  of  the  gods.  Pylades  wished  to  die  for  Orestes 


80  PREPOSITIONS  WITH  ACCUSATIVE  AND  ABLATIVE. 

The  herdsman  drives  ( agere )  the  herd  ( armenta ,  pi.)  before 
( prae )  him.  My  (I) at.)  tears  start  forth  (praesilire)  for  (prae) 
gladness  ( laetitia ).  He  could  not  speak  for  sorrow  ( maeror\ 
The  Scythians  make  use  of  wagons  ( plaustrum )  instead  of 
houses.  I  cannot  write  the  rest  ( neut .  pi.)  for  tears.  Soon 
you  will  swim  without  a  cork  (cortex.) 

LII.  Prepositions  with  Accusative  and  Ablative. 

G.  419  ;  A.  56,  1,  c,  d ;  A.  &  S.  195-6  ;  B.  987  ;  H.  435. 

143.  I  have  not  changed  my  plan,  and  will  not  change  [it] 
if  you  are  of  (in)  the  same  opinion.  Tears  dry  (drescere) 
soon,  especially  (praeserthn)  in-the-case-of  (in)  others’  (Adj.) 
sufferings  (malum).  A  certain  kind  of  hares,  which  we  call 
(JPass.)  coneys  (cuniculus),  burrow  [=  make  passages,  cunlcu- 
lus\  under  the  earth  in  order  to  lie  hid  (latere).  Often  there  is 
wisdom  under  a  dirty  (sordiclus)  cloak  (palliolum).  Miltiades 
proceeded  (proficisci)  with  a  picked  (deligere)  force  (manus) 
to  Lemnos  (Leninas)  in  order  to  reduce  (redigere)  that  island 
under  the  rule  of  the  Athenians.  Over  the  funeral-mound 
(tumulus)  they  set  up  (statuere)  a  little-column  (columella).  To 
him  who  Las  hanging  over  his  neck  [=  over  the  neck  to  whom] 
a  drawn  (dSstrictus)  sword,  the  songs  of  birds  and  [the  music] 
of  the  cithern  (cithara)  will  not  bring  back  sleep. 

LIII.  Miscellaneous  Prepositions. 

144.  We  are  walking  between  very  tall  poplars  (populus)  on  a 
green  (viridis)  and  shady  (opdcus)  bank.  We  have  taken  a 
seat  (considere)  on  the  little  meadow  (prdtulum)  by  the  statue 
of  Plato.  Man  (pi.)  can  make  use  of  the  animals  for  his  service 
(utilitas)  without  injustice.  A  fight  had  been  started  (orir i) 
between  the  two  dogs  over  a  bone  which  they  had  found. 

The  skin  (cutis)  is  drawn  (inducer e)  over  the  bone  and  the 
flesh.  The  innocent  man  can  live  even  within  the  door  (ostium) 
and  the  threshold  (limen)  of  the  prison  without  pain  and 
torture  (cruciatus).  I  am  accused  by  thee,  without  ground,  ol 


INFINITIVE  AND  GERUND. 


81 


sending  ( missio )  letters.  Hast  thou  never  observed  ( animad * 
vertere)  in  the  clouds  the  form  of  a  lion  or  a  Hippocentaur? 
He  had  one  wreath  on  [his]  head,  another  on  [his]  neck.  The 
race  of  man  was  in  the  beginning  scattered  in  mountains  and 
woods,  afterwards  (posted)  they  surrounded  (sepire)  themselves 
with  cities  and  walls  ( moenici ).  Nothing  can  be  done  against 
force  (vis)  without  force.  Before  the  door  of  the  royal  palace 
there  was  seized  (deprehendere)  a  man  with  a  dagger.  The 
hunter  has  pierced  (per cuter e)  the  huge  boar  with  a  speai 
( venabulum ). 

Some  (alius)  of  the  members  seem  to  have  been  given  by 
nature  on  account  of  their  use,  as  (ut)  the  hands,  the  legs,  the 
feet ;  but  ( autem ,  §  486)  others  for  (propter)  no  use  [but]  as  it 
were,  (quasi)  for  (ad)  a  certain  ornament  (orndtus),  as  [for 
instance]  the  tail  (cauda)  to  the  peacock,  the  changeable 
(versicolor)  feathers  (pluma)  to  the  doves,  to  men  the  beard. 

Frightened  by  the  greatness  of  the  storm,  all  forsook  the 
Bhip  ;  they  embarked  (conscendere)  on  a  skill*  (scapha)  except  * 
one  sick  man,  who  on  account  (propter)  of  [his]  sickness  could 
not  come  out  (exire)  and  flee.  By  an  accident  (casus)  the 
vessel  was  driven  (deferre)  uninjured  (incolumis)  into  a  harbor. 

LIV.  Infinitive  and  Gerund. 

G.  420-6 ;  A.  57,  8,  73 ;  A.  &  S.  275 ;  B.  1147  ff.  1319  ff. ;  H.  548  ff.,  559  ff. 
145.  To  be  free  (vacdre)  from  blame  (culpa)  is  a  great 
comfort.  It  is  a  virtue  to  flee  from  vice.  We  often  wished  tc 
see  this  day.  Leonidas  (Leonidas)  determined  (constituere) 
to  resist  the  Persians  at  Thermopylae.  The  king  made  the 
icsolution  (consilium  capere)  to  flee.  Many  do  harm  without 
the  wish  to  do  harm.  Avaricious  men  are  tortured  (cruciare) 
not  only  by  the  desire  of  making  (parare)  but  also  by  the 
fear  of  losing  (drnittere).  Wisdom  is  the  art  of  living  well  and 
happily.  To  read  there  is  always  an  opportunity  (occdsio),  to 
hear  not  always.  It  is  very  (per)  useful  to  be  skilful  in  swim¬ 
ming  (natare).  Man  is  by  nature  inclined  (prdjy&nsus)  to  learn. 
Ab  (ut)  the  horse  [is  made]  for  running,  the  ox  for  ploughing,  the 

4* 


82 


GERUNDIVE. - COPULATIVE  VERBS. 


dog  for  tracking  ( indag  a/re ),  so  man  is  made  ( ndtus )  for  two 
things :  perceiving  ( intelligere )  and  acting  ( agere :).  The  mind  oi 
man  is  nourished  by  learning  and  thinking.  This  is  not  tfce 
place  for  jesting  ( jocdri ).  We  made  an  end  of  walking. 

LV.  Gerundive. 

G.  243  ;  A.  73,  2 ;  A.  &  S.  275 ;  B.  1304  ;  H.  562. 

146.  Some  device  ( artificium )  or  other  must  be  got  up  ( excogi - 
tare).  One  must  die  bravely  for  [one’s]  country.  We  must  pray 
( optare )  that  there  be  a  healthy  mind  in  a  healthy  body.  These 
vocabularies  ( vocabulum )  are  to  be  learned.  Not  many  [books] 
but  good  books  are  to  be  read.  Thou  art  to  read  a  good  book. 
Often  ( saepius )  lesser  pains  are  to  be  undergone  (suscipere)  in 
order  that  we  may  escape  a  greater.  You  are  to  undergo  this 
pain  in  order  to  escape  a  greater  one.  We  must  all  die.  Hidden 
(occultus)  enmities  are  more  to  be  feared  than  open  ( apertus ), 
Each  one  ( quisque )  has  his  own  burden  to  bear  ( ferre ).  In 
playing,  a  certain  limit  (modus)  is  to  be  observed  ( retinere ). 
We  ought  not  to  do  anything  without  reflection  (ratio).  You 
must  not  listen  to*a  flatterer  (assentator).  If  you  wish  to  do 
away  with  (tollere)  avarice,  you  must  do  away  with  its  mother, 
luxury.  In  all  things  diligence  must  be  used  (adhibere).  I 
perceive  (sentire)  that  I  have  to  fight  with  a  brave  and  stead¬ 
fast  man.  Regard  must  be  had  (rationem  habere)  for  ( Gen,) 
[one’s]  health.  1  audire 

IjVI.  Copulative  Verbs. 

G.  197;  A.  46,  2;  A.  &  S.  210,  R.  3  ;  B.  607;  H.  362,  2. 

147.  The  thing  is  useful.  The  thing  seems  useful.  You  are 
timid.  You  seem  timid.  You  have  seemed  to  be  deserving  of 
praise.  Everything  (plural )  sudden  (repentinus)  seems  more 
important  (gravis).  All  their  plans  seem  to  me  full  of  foresight. 
The  stars  appear  (apparere)  smaller  than  they  are.  The  army 
remained  uninjured.  The  Scythians  always  remained  uncon- 
quered.  Nobody  became  good  by  chance  (casus).  By  habit 
labors  become  easier.  The  slave  when  ( quum ,  Ind.)  he  is  man 


fWO  ACCUSATIVES. 


83 


amitted  ( manic  mittere )  becomes  a  freedman  ( libertinus ).  My 
brother  has  bought  a  farm  (praedium)  and  become  a  country¬ 
man.  Some  dreams  (somnium)  turn  out  true.  Brutus  became 
( exsistere )  a  champion  (v index)  of  freedom. 

Tyrants  are  made  more  insolent  by  the  long  duration 
(i diuturnitas )  of  their  power  (jiotestds).  Darius  was  made  king 
of  the  Persians  by  the  neighing  ( hinnitus )  of  a  horse.  After 
Romulus,  Numa  Pompilius  was  chosen  king.  Servius  Tullius 
was  declared  king  with  great  unanimity  ( cdnsensus ). 

148.  The  primitive  ( priscus )  Romans  were  considered  ( habere ) 
robbers  and  semi-barbarians  ( semibarbari ).  The  rose  is  con¬ 
sidered  the  most  beautiful  flower.  The  Dalmatians  ( Dalmata ) 
have  always  been  considered  warlike  ( bellicosus ).  He  is  to  be 
deemed  ( existimare )  free,  who  is  a  slave  to  ( servire )  no  disgrace¬ 
ful  vice  ( turpitudo ).  Socrates  is  deservedly  (jure)  called  ( dlcere ) 
the  father  (parens)  of  philosophy.  No  one  can  be  called  happy 
before  death.  Cicero  was  called  (appelldre)  father  of  [his] 
country.  Romulus  was  called  (vocare)  after  death  Quirinus. 
Jason  collected  an  army  of  heroes  (vir  fortissimus)  who  have 
been  named  (nomindre)  Argonauts  (Argonauta).  Among  the 
renowned  (ille)  seven,  who  were  considered  wise  and  called 
wise,  were  Thales  of  Miletus  (Milesius)  and  Solon  of  Athens 
(Athenibisis).  Among  (apud)  the  Spartans  those  who  filled 
(gerere)  the  most  dignified  (amplus)  office  of  state  (magistratus) 
were  called,  as  they  were  (ut  erant  sic  etiam ),  old  men. 

LVI1.  Two  Accusatives. 

G.  334;  A.  46;  A.  &  S.  230;  B.  715;  H.  373. 

149.  Old  age  makes  you  morose.  This  circumstance  (res) 
makes  the  master  daily  (quotidie)  milder.  The  Euphrates 
makes  (efficere)  Mesopotamia  fruitful.  Familiarity  with 
(consuetudo)  labor  makes  the  endurance  *(perpessio)  of  labor 
easier.  Desire  makes  (reddere)  people  blind.  After  Romulus 
the  Romans  chose  Numa  Pompilius  king.  The  boys  had 
selected  (deligere)  Cyrus  as  [their]  king.  Many  thought 


84 


PREDICATIVE  ATTRIBUTION  AND  APPOSITION. 


Croesus  the  most  fortunate.  I  considered  thee  safe  ( salvus ). 
I  cannot  call  ( dlcere )  myself  restored  ( recreatus ).  The  Romans 
called  Cicero  father  of  [his]  country.  The  oracle  of  Apollo 
declared  Socrates  the  wisest  of  men  ( omnes ).  Solon  called  no 
one  happy  before  death.  Croesus  thought  ( arbitrdri )  himself 
the  happiest  man  on  account  of  his  riches. 

A  mind  ( animus )  free  (vacuus)  from  excitements  ( perturbdtio ) 
will  make  you  happy.  Attalus,  king  of  Pergamum,  made  by 
will  (testdmentum)  the  Roman  people  [his]  heir.  The  enemy 
(pi.)  made  the  province  insecure  (infestus)  by  incursions 
(excursio)  and  raids  (latrocinium).  The  best  mode  (ratio)  of 
life  should  [=  is  to]  be  chcsen  (eligere) :  habit  (consuetudo)  will 
make  it  agreeable.  The  Persians  thought  the  sun  the  only 
god.  He  who  is  always  in  want  (egere)  wre  may  consider 
(existimdre)  avaricious.  We  call  Socrates  justly  the  father  of 
philosophy.  The  timid  [man]  calls  (vocare)  himself  prudent, 
the  mean  [man]  (sordidus)  [calls  himself]  economical  (parens). 
When  the  supreme  power  of  the  State  (summa  omnium  rerum) 
is  in  the  hands  (penes)  of  one  [man],  we  call  that  one  a  king, 
and  the  condition  (status)  of  such  a  (is,  ea ,  id)  state,  a  kingdom. 
He  who  has  usurped  power  (potestas)  by  violence  is  called  tyrant. 


LVTII.  Predicative  Attribution  and  Apposition. 

G.  324  ;  A.  46,  2  ;  47,  6 ;  A.  &  S.  210  ;  B.  663  ;  H.  441. 

150.  No  one  is  born  rich.  The  sailors  escaped  (effugere)  the 
violence  (vis)  of  the  storm  and  arrived  in  harbor  unscathed 
(incolumis,  or  salvus).  From  those  bloody  (cruentus,  or  atrox) 
engagements  scarcely  (vix)  the  generals  escaped  alive  ( vivus ). 
In  India,  when  the  husband  dies  (perf.)  the  wife  (plural)  is  put 
on  the  funeral  pile  alive.  If  you  love  me  (dUigere),  my  sister, 
do  (efficere  ut)  get  [=  be]  well,  and  come  to  us  as  soon  as  possible 
(quam  primum)  well  and  strong.  Leaving  (quum,  §  586)  Ephe¬ 
sus,  he  fell  (incidere)  into  a  sickness,  from  (ex)  which  he  did  not 
recover  (convalescere) :  he  came  to  Corey ra  sick ;  [and]  there  he 
died.  Antaeus  took  fresh  strength  (vires  resumere)  from  his 
mother  earth  and  rose  again  (resurgere)  stronger.  You  will  be 


PREDICATIVE  ATTRIBUTION  AND  APrOSIlION. 


85 


dear  and  welcome  to  all  when  you  come  [=  you  will  come  to 
all  dear  and  welcome]  ( exspectdtus ).  See  to  it  (curare),  dear 
mother,  that  you  come  as  soon  as  possible  ;  you  will  be  welcome 
to  all.  Cato  [was]  eighty-five  years  old  [when  he]  departed 
(excedere)  [this]  life.  [My]  daughter  [was]  twenty  years  old 
[when  she]  departed  [this]  life  (Abl.). 

151.  In  our  boyhood  [=  as  hoys]  we  read  the  lives  of  Cor 
nelius  Nepos.  Cato  learned  Greek  (Graecae  liter ae)  in  his  old 
age.  I  came  to  school  first  of  all.  Aeneas  was  the  only  one 
that  escaped  the  dangers  of  war  (Abl.). 

The  augury  (augurium)  is  said  (ferre)  to  have  come  to 
Remus  first  [=  of  the  two].  Hannibal  was  the  first-man  (prin- 
ceps)  to  go  into  a  fight,  the  last  to  leave  (excedere)  it,  when  it 
was  joined  (conserere).  Few  receive  (excipere)  death  in  cheer¬ 
ful-mood  (hilaris).  I  received  you  into  my  house  (tectum) 
when  you  were  a  little  boy  (parvulus). 

152.  You  alone  have  we  believed  and  are  going  to  believe.  1 
left  Tiro  sick  at  Patrae.  To  [your]  enemies  you  show 
(praebere)  yourself  placable,  to  your  friends  inexorable.  The 
choleric  (iracundus)  man  is  not  always  angry;  but  tease  (la- 
cesso)  him,  forthwith  (jam)  you  will  see  him  in-a-rage  ( furens ). 

I  have  Hirtius  and  Dolabella  as  pupils  (discipulus)  in  speak* 
ing  (dicere).  You  will  certainly  (certe)  have  [in]  me  a  partner 
and  companion  in  all  your  affairs.  The  inconstant  man  has 
the  good  for  enemies,  [and]  not  even  the  bad  for  friends.  I 
give  you  my  friend  as  surety  ( vas ,  vadis).  To  Romulus  and 
Remus  a  she-wolf  (lupa)  offered  (praebere)  herself  as  nurse. 

The  pilot  (gubernator)  sits  quiet  [ly]  on  the  stern  ( puppis ) 
holding  the  tiller  (clavus).  Themistocles,  a  distinguished 
citizen,  exiled  by  the  injustice  (injuria)  of  [his]  ungrateful 
people,  betook  himself  to  the  enemy  (pi.).  Medea,  inflamed 
(incinsus)  by  love  helped  Jason,  and  forgetting  (278)  her  father 
followed  her  lover  (=  ille).  [As  we  were]  disembarking  (endvt 
dtecendere)  we  received  your  letter.  I  caught  the  bird  alive. 


86 


ACCUSATIVE  AND  INFINITIVE. 


The  general  left  the  ship  made  fast  ( deligdre )  to  ( ad )  thi 
shore.  [As  I  was]  dining  your  letter  was  given  tc  me.  I  wil 
defend  you  in  your  absence  [=  the  absent  one].  The  Persiant 

deserted  [their]  camp  tilled  ypeplvve)  with  treasures  (thesuarus) 


LIX,  Accusative  and  Infinitive. 

G.  527  foil. ;  A.  70,  2  ;  A.  &  S.  272  ;  B.  1152  ;  H.  551. 

153.  We  learn  (accipere)  that  Ulysses  and  Nestor  were  consid¬ 
ered  wise.  There-is-a-tradition  1  that  Darius  was  made  king  by 
the  neighing  ( hinmtus )  of  a  horse.  We  know  that  Socrates  was 
declared  the  wisest  man  by  the  oracle  of  Apollo.  I  remember  that 
he  returned  sick  (277,  R.).  I  know  that  you  will  be  welcome  to  all 
[=  you  will  come  welcome,  exspectatus].  Cicero  says  ( narrdre ) 
that  Cato  [was]  eighty-five  years  old  [when  he]  died,  and  that 
[he  was]  an  old  man  [when  he]  learned  Greek.  I  knew  that 
[when  you  wTere]  boys  you  read  the  lives  of  Cornelius  Nepos. 
I  have  learned  ( comperire )  that  you  were  the  first  to  come  to 
school.  We  have  read  that  Agamemnon  and  Menelaus  [when] 
exiled  by  Aegisthus  fled  to  Sparta.  Hercules  wondered  ( mi - 
rdri)  that  he  could  not  overcome  Antaeus,  the  son  of  the  Earth; 
but  he  perceived  that  he  took  fresh  strength  from  [his] 
mother  Earth,  and  rose  again  stronger.  After  [his]  departure 
(excessus)  Romulus  said  to  Proculus  Julius  that  he  was  a  god, 
and  was  called  Quirinus.  We  think  that  in  the  beginning  men 
lived  scattered  in  mountains  and  woods,  and  not  until  ( demum 
=  at  length)  forced  by  necessity,  built  cities.  Homer  informs 
[us]  ( trddere )  that  the  Greeks,  when  they  came  [had  come]  to 
Aulis,  brought2  sacrifice2  to  Jupiter;  then  (tunc)  they  saw  a 
dragon  creeping  up  upon  (in)  a  plane  tree  (platanus) ;  that  in 
the  top  (cacumen)  of  the  tree  there  was  a  nest ;  that  the  dragon 
seized  the  eight  young  ones  and  the  dam  (mater)  [for]  the 
ninth  ;  that  the  Greeks  stood  there  affrighted  ( timidus ),  looking 
(spectare)  at  the  prodigy  (portentum) ;  but  the  augur  Caichaa 
prophesied  (augurari)  from  the  number  of  the  sparrows  the 
years  of  the  Trojan  war.  1  trdditum  est.  2  sacra ,  -orum. 


RELATIVE  CLAUSES. 


97 


LX.  Relative  Clauses. 

G.  509,  630 ;  A.  67,  1,  b ;  A.  &  S.  266,  2 ;  B.  1296  E. ;  H.  529. 

154.  Ino,  whom  Athamas  has  married,  is  persuading  him  to 
sacrifice  [his]  children  to  Jupiter.  He  says  that  Ino,  whom 
Athamas  has  married,  is  persuading  him  to  sacrifice  his  chil¬ 
dren.  They  said  that  the  ram  which  the  children  mounted 
( ascendere  i?i)  had  a  golden  fleece.  They  thought  that  the 
Argonauts,  who  were  (Plpf.)  the  first  to  enter  the  Euxine  Sea, 
would  never  return  by  the  same  way  by  which  they  came.  He 
said  that  the  matter  in  question  (de  qua  agiiur)  was  of  no  im¬ 
portance  ( momentum, ).  The  father  promised  [his]  son  that  he 
would  give  him  all  ( quotquot )  the  apples  he  should  gather. 
They  know  that  they  are  losing  the  only  blessing  ( quod  unicum 
bonum)  they  have.  He  says  that  he  is  not  desirous  of  giving 
up  to  another  the  rule  which  he  has  held  so  long.  They  say 
that  Simonides  sang  a  poem  which  he  had  written  on  (in) 
Scopas ;  that  Scopas  said  that  he  would  only  give  him  half  of 
what  he  had  bargained  (pacisci) ;  that  he  must  ask  ( petere , 
§  655)  Castor  and  Pollux,  whom  he  had  praised  as  much 
(aeque)  for  the  rest;  shortly  after  (paullo  post)  it  was  an¬ 
nounced  to  Simonides  that  two  youths  were  standing  at  (ad) 
the  gate,  who  were  calling  him  out  with  great  earnestness 
(magno  opere)  ;  that  he  got  up,  went  out  ( prodire ),  saw  no 
one,  [and  that]  meanwhile  (interim)  the  room  (conclave)  where 
Scopas  was  banqueting  (epiddri)  fell  in  a  heap  ( concidere ),  and 
Scopas  and  those  who  were  with  him  perished. 


88 


ACCUSATIVE. 


Third  Course. 


PART  I. 


LXI.  Accusative. 

G.  327-341 ;  A.  52 ;  A.  &  S.  229-239 ;  B.  711-743  ;  H.  371-381. 

155.  1.  Honey  smells  of  ( redolere )  the  flowers  from  which  it 
has  been  gathered.  Ho  (nemo)  brave  man  shudders  at  the 
sight1  of  arms.  Let  any  one  (§  623)  laugh  at  me  who  will,  I 
despair  of  freedom.  Happy  is  he  who  has  never  thirsted  foi 
pleasures.  The  younger  of  the  brothers  leaped  across  (trdnsi- 
Tire)  the  ditch  and  carried  his  brother  across  ( trdnsportare )  the 
wall.  Innumerable  times  (sexcenties)  have  I  applied  to  him, 
but  to  my  petitions  [=  to  me  begging]  he  gave  no  answer. 
Every  day  the  stupid  creature  (homo)  makes  the  same  blun¬ 
ders  (errdre).  I  give  you  this  warning  [=  I  warn  you  of  this] 
not  to  trust  complexion  (color).  The  physicians  concealed  the 
death  of  the  king  from  all  who  were  outside  of  the  royal* 
palace  (regia).  Why  do  you  conceal  your  opinion  from  us  ? 
Who  explained  (docere)  the  case  of  Sllius  to  you  ?  Zama  is 
five  days’  journey  (iter)  from  (distare)  Carthage.  The  Car¬ 
thaginians  built  out  (porrigere)  from  the  land  into  the  river  a 
raft  (ratis)  [that  was]  two  hundred  feet  long  [and]  fifty  broad* 
Oh !  the  poor  (rrtiser)  fellows  (homo).  What  good  did  they 
do  (proficere)  ?  All  their  toil  did  not  help  them  (juvdre)  a 
whit  (nihil).  1  conspectus ,  us. 

2.  Verres  demanded  (poscere)  of  the  parents  a  price  (pretium) 
for  (pro)  the  burial  (195,  R.  5)  of  [their]  children.  A  friend  will 
ask  of  another  [=  a  friend]  nothing  except  (nisi)  what-is-hon* 


L 


DATIVE. 


89 


arable.  Antony  begged  ( petere )  the  soldiers  to  follow  him 
(§  521)  across  the  Alps.  Euripides  began  ( adorlri )  [when  he 
was]  eighteen  years  old  to  write  tragedies  ( tragoedia ).  I  lack 
(deficere)  strength  [=  strength  fails  me],  I  lack  time.  Assur¬ 
edly  you  are  concealing  from  me  a  great  misfortune.  The 
deserters  ( trdnsfuga )  acquainted  ( docere )  Caesar  with  all  the 
plans  of  the  enemy  (pi.).  Misfortune  teaches  even  the  con¬ 
quered  the  art  of  war  (militdris).  Some  endure  ( sustinere ) 
fasting  (media)  two  or  three  days  ( biduum ,  triduum).  Tho 
Saguntines  [when]  besieged  by  Hannibal  made  (ducere)  a 
rampart  (agger)  three  hundred  feet  long  [and]  twenty  feet 
high.  The  conflagration  (incendium)  lasted  (tenere)  two  nights 
through.  Thirty  days  have  I  been  on  shipboard  (in  navi). 
Lost  that  I  am  [=0  me  lost]  ;  ruined  (afflictus)  that  I  am, 
who  will  help  me  now  ?  Eight  and  thirty  years  was  Dio¬ 
nysius  tyrant  of  Syracuse  (ae  arum),  having  (§  586)  usurped 
(occupdre)  the  absolute-authority  (dominatus)  [when]  twentv 
five  years  old. 


LXIL  Dative. 

G.  343-356  ;  A.  51 ;  A.  &  S.  222-228  ;  B.  814-817 ;  H.  38^-398. 

156.  1.  Mucius  Scaevola  had  his  hand  consumed  by  fire.  The 
usurper  (tyrannus)  had  his  skull  broken  to  pieces  (eomminuere) 
by  a  millstone  ( lapis  molaris ).  The  pine  [tree]  furnishes 
(praebere)  wood  [that  is]  good  (utilis)  for  ships  (ndvigium). 
The  bad  (improbus)  envy  the  good  (probus)  [their]  fame  (de 
with  Abl.).  Demosthenes  could  not  say  the  first  letter  of  the 
very  art  (ea  ipsa  ars)  to  which  he  devoted-himself  (studere). 
I  will  make  supplication  to  [your]  angry  father  for  you.  Who 
was  present  (interesse)  at  your  conversation  (sermo)  V  Agesi- 
laus  presented  rewards  to  those  who  had  distinguished  them* 
selves  above  (praestdre)  others  (ceteri)  by  energy  ( industria ). 
Caesar  surrounded  the  camp  with  a  rampart  and  a  fosse  (fossa). 
You  write  that  Caesar  consults  you[r  opinion],  but  I  had 
rather  (mdllem)  he  consulted  (Acc.  and  Inf.)  your  interest. 
Excessive  (nimius)  confidence  is  usually  [=  is  wont  to  be]  a 
disaster  (calamitds).  To  many  distinguished  (egregius)  men 


j 


90 


GrENITIYE. 


the  fortune  of  war  has  proved  (me)  a  reproach  (opprobrium) x 
the  envy  of  the  people  a  disaster.  This  action  (factum)  was 
counted  to  him  as  cowardice.  You,  your  people  (tui)i  [and] 
all  that  is  yours,  will  always  be  very  near  my  heart  ( maxime , 
cura).  He  is  rich  [=  rich  is  he]  whose  possessions  are  so  great 
who  has  so  great  possessions]  that  he  wishes  for  nothing 
more  (amplius),  Sensual-pleasure  (voluptas)  can  have  no  con 
uection  (conjuuctio)  with  morality  (honestds).  Publius  Cor¬ 
nelius  Scipio,  who  overcame  Hannibal  and  destroyed  Carthage, 
was  surnamed  [had  the  surname,  cognomen ]  Africanus.  In 
Syracuse  there  is  a  fountain  of  sweet  water,  which  is  called 
Arethusa.  Sicily  was  at  first  (§  324,  R.  7)  called  Trinacria. 

2.  Epicurus  reviled  ( maledicere )  Phaedo  (dins)  in  the  most 
shameful  manner.  Once  the  same  physician  treated  (mederl) 
both  wounds  and  diseases.  The  daughters  of  Servius  had 
married  Lucius  and  Aruns  Tarquinius  (286,  R.  2).  Alexan¬ 
der  did  not  spare  even  (ne — quidem ,  §  444)  his  own  relations 
(cognatus)  who  seemed  ( videri )  qualified  (aphis)  for  the  throne 
Youth  is  not  only  not  envied,  but  even  favored.  The  Lacedae¬ 
monians  were  reproached  (olficere)  with  (quod)  having  seized 
(i occupare ,  JPlpf.  Subj .,  §  542)  the  citadel  of  Thebes  at  the  time 
of  a  truce  (indutiae).  On  these  points  (res)  you  are  far  ahead 
(praestare)  of  all  others  (ceteri).  In  a  state,  those  who  have  no 
(nihil)  means  (opes)  always  envy  the  better-classes  (boni). 
Laelius  was  surnamed  the  Wise.  To  Tarquin  was  given 
(indere)  the  surname  “  Overbearing  ”  (superbus). 

XiXIII.  Genitive. 

Q.  357  ;  A.  47,  8  ;  A.  &  S.  205, 11.  17 ;  B.  662  ;  H.  441,  5. 

157.  1.  At  the  peep  of  day  (prima  Idx)  Titus  Labienus  occu¬ 
pied  (tenere)  the  top  of  the  mountain.  The  ancients  believed 
that  the  earth  was  situated  (positum  esse)  in  the  midst  of  the 
universe.  Darius  had  come  to  Arbela  (drum)  about  the  middle 
of  the  night.  Amphinomus  and  Anapus  carried  [their]  father 
and  mother  on  [their]  shoulders  through  the  midst  of  the 
flames  (ignes)  of  Aetna.  Against  the  Tarentines,  who  live 


GEJS ITIYK. 


91 


(esse)  in  the  lowest  part  (ultimas)  of  Italy,  war  was  declared 
( indicere ).  From  the  foot  (tnfimus)  of  the  altar  there  issued 
(f mergere)  suddenly  a  snake. 

2.  Superstition  seizes  on  ( occupdre )  weak  ( imbecillitds )  men. 
With  this  fellow  the  matter  [=  it]  is  to  be  settled  by  waf 
(hello  decertdre)  ;  slow  ( tarditds )  envoys  ( legdtus )  are  to  be 
discarded  (repudidre).  Mathematicians  ( rnathematici )  are  en¬ 
gaged  on  (versdrl  in)  obscure1  matters.  The  short  day  is  spent 
(consumer e)  in  feasts.  1  obscuritas 

G.  8G4-5  ;  A.  50,  1  ;  A.  &  S.  211-212  ;  B.  757,  748  ;  H.  896,  4.  III. 

158.  You  are  undertaking  a  great  work,  and  one  that  will  last 
many  days  [  =  of  many  days].  Your  neighbor  (fern.)  has  a 
dress  (vestis)  of  greater  value  (pretium)  than  yours.  The 
sea  produces  (procredre)  animals  of  extraordinary  (inusitatus) 

size. 

Among  the  Greeks  the  oldest  class  (genus)  of  scholars  (docti) 
was  that  (293,  K.  3)  of  the  poets.  Cato  was  [a  man]  of  almost 
(prope)  iron  body  and  mind.  When  a  city  is  taken  (§408),  every¬ 
thing  belongs  to  the  conqueror.  The  general  ought  to  conquer 
by  [his]  head  (cdnsilium)  no  less  than  by  [his]  sword.  It  is  the 
duty  of  a  judge  in  trials  (causa)  always  to  follow  the  truth  (ve- 
rum).  Barbarians  live  for  the  present  (in  diem) ;  our  tnoughts 
(consilium)  ought  (Imper.)  to  be  fixed  on  (spectdre)  eternity. 
Thoughtlessness  (temeritds)  is  peculiar  to  the  bloom  of  youth 
.  (florens  aetds) ;  foresight  to  more-advanced  (senescens)  age.  It 
(id)  is  especially  (maxime)  the  peculiarity  of  a  sly  (astutus) 
man  to  make  his  own  advantage  the  standard  of  everything 
[=  to  refer  everything  to  (ad)  his  own  advantage  (uiilitds)]. 
Nothing  shows  so  narrow  and  little  a  spirit  as  to  love  riches. 
To  desert  a  post  (praesidium)  from  (propter)  fear  is  cowardice; 
not  to  return  a  deposit  (depositum)  is  injustice.  It  seemed  to  be 
folly  (insipiens)  to  attend  to  (curare)  other  people’s  business 
(aliena  res)  at  (cum)  one’s  own  risk  (periculum).  It  is  our 
duty  to  make  a  moderate  use  ( modice  uti)  of  [our]  victory 
This  cape  (promontorium)  is  called  [the  cape]  of  Good  Hope 


93 


GENITIVE. 


[He]  who  denies  that  there  is  a  God,  him  I  deem  scarcely  of 
sound  mind.  The  fleet  of  the  enemy  consisted  (esse)  of  eighty- 
nine  ships. 

Gh  366-371  ;  A.  50, 8 ;  A.  &  S.  213 ;  B.  748 ;  H.  396,  IIL 

159.  Caesar  had  left  a  little  corn  at  Ilerda.  I  expect  longei 
letters  from  you,  as  you  have  (esse)  so  much  leisure.  I  will 
write  more  (plura)  when  I  have  (§  236)  more  leisure.  We  have 
time  enough  for  (ad)  reflection  (cogitare,  §  426).  Caesar 
showed  his  soldiers  how  much  good  there  was  (§  469)  in  firm¬ 
ness  (cdnstantia)  [=  firmness  had  in  itself].  Catiline  had 
(§  349,  R.  4)  eloquence  enough,  [but]  too  little  wisdom.  The 
consul  took  the  city  by  storm  (vi)  ;  in  it  (ibi)  were  taken  three 
thousand  men  and  some  (aliquantum)  other  (ceterus)  booty. 
From  that  side  (inde)  is  the  least  danger.  That  is  of  no  use 
[=  has  nothing  of  usefulness].  It  is  so  long  since  I  received  any 
letter  from  you  [=  so  long  (tarn  diu)  have  I  received  no  letteT 
from  you].  What  life  is  left  I  will  spend  (dego)  at  my  ease  in 
Rhodes.  What  (quid)  plan  have  you  determined  on  (capere)  ? 
Daily  something  bitter  (acerbus)  and  disastrous  (incommodus) 
was  announced. 

G.  376  ;  A.  50,  4,  c ;  A.  &  S.  215  ;  B.  783,  805  ;  H.  406,  2. 

160.  [He]  doubles  ( gemindre )  [his]  sin  who  is  not  ashamed  of 
[his]  misdeeds  (delictum').  I  am  tired  of  this  undertaking.  Nc 
one  will  repent  of  industry.  Flattery  disgusts  (piget)  a  good 
man.  Unhappy  people  are  often  disgusted  with  life.  We  feel 
more  pity  for  those  who  do  not  ask  for  (requirere)  our  compas¬ 
sion  than  for  those  who  claim  it  loudly  (effldgitdre).  Socrates 
was  not  ashamed  to  acknowledge  that  [there  were]  many 
things  [that]  he  did  not  know.  I  am  tired  of  asking  again 
and-again  (identidem).  I  am  disgusted  with  hearing  the  same 
thing  a  thousand  times  (sag,  sexcenties).  There  is  really  (sane) 
nothing  for  us  to  repent  of  [=  of  which  .. .  Comp.  §  634]. 

G.  378  foil. ;  A.  54,  8  ;  A.  &  S.  214 ;  B.  884  ;  H.  416. 

161.  Your  help  (opera)  and  your  authority  I  value  highly.  I 
value  your  attentions  (officium)  to  (ergo)  me  more  highly  than 


GENITIVE. 


93 


any  [--  all]  money.  My  [good]  conscience  is  worth  more  to 
me  than  all  the  world’s  ( homines )  talk.  I  have  always  loved 
( dtligere )  this  friend,  as  you  know,  and  I  prize  [facer e)  him 
daily  (in  dies)  more  [and  more].  The  favor  of  a  bad  ( impro - 
Ims  or  nequam  indecl.)  fellow  I  value  ( pendere )  little.  Riches 
Are  very  little  prized  (putdre)  by  me.  How  high  do  you  rate 
( aestimarc )  this  picture  ( tabida  picta)  ?  How  much  did  you 
give  for  (emere)  the  little-book  ( libellus )  ?  Six  pence  (3  num- 
nii),  Verres  bought  a  statue  (signum)  by  (§  360,  R.  2)  Praxi¬ 
teles  for  1600  sesterces  ( sestertius ).  Darius  wished  to  buy  a 
man-to-assassinate  ( interfector )  Alexanderfor  1000  talents.  You 
bought  the  tithes  ( decumae )  of  that  district  ( ager )  very  dear. 
Caelius  rented  (conducere)  a  house  on  the  Palatine  hill  ( Pala - 
tium)  very  low  [=  not  dear;  comp.  448,  R.  2].  Dumnorix  had 
farmed  (redimer e)  all  the  revenues  (vectigal)  of  the  Haedui  for 
a  small  amount  ( pretium ).  A  pound  of  violet  ( violdceus ) 
purple  ( purpura )  was  sold  for  a  hundred  denarii.  The  vic¬ 
tory  cost  (stare)  the  lives  [=  the  death]  of  many  brave  men 
This  book  cost  eighteen  pence  (9  nummt). 

G.  357-380  ;  A.  50  ;  A.  &  S.  211  foil. ;  B.  744  foil. ;  H.  393  foil. 

162.  1.  The  word  “friendship”  is  derived  (Perf.)  from  “friend.” 
The  opportunity  for  a  victory  has  been  allowed  to  pass  by 
(dimittere).  All  evils  are  lighter  than  anguish  for  sin.  I  am 
under  the  thrall  of  [=  I  am  held  by]  an  extraordinary  (incredi- 
bilis)  longing  (desiderium)  for  my  family  (met)  and  especially 
(atque  imprimis)  for  thee.  L.  Quinctius  Cincinnatus  cultivated 
a  piece  of  land  (ager)  of  four  jugera  beyond  the  Tiber.  Xenoph¬ 
anes  says  that  there  are  people  (habitdtur,  199)  in  the  moon, 
and  that  it  is  an  earth  with  many  cities  and  mountains.  Super¬ 
stition  betrays  a  weak  mind.  Strong  (fortis)  men  ought  to 
bear  pain  steadfastly  (toleranter).  It  is  the  duty  of  humanity 
to  care  for  the  welfare  (consulere)  of  the  weak.  The  stat6 
(civitas)  of  the  Senones  was  [one]  of  great  authority  among 
the  Gauls.  It  is  your  duty  to  care  for  your  life  and  your  pre¬ 
servation  ( incolumitds ).  Julius  adapted  (accom  noddre)  the 
year  to  (ad)  the  course  of  the  sun,  so  that  it  consisted  [  =  was] 


94 


GENITIVE. 


of  365  days.  The  Emperor  Titus  was  a  man  of  such  ( tantus } 
good  nature  ( facilitds )  and  generosity  ( liberalitas )  that  lie 
never  denied  ( negare )  anybody  anything  (§  445). 

2.  There  are  two  approaches  ( aditus )  to  Cilicia,  either  of  which 
can  be  barred  {inter cludere)  by  a  small  body  of  men  ( praesi - 
drum).  Sulla  lost  124  of  his  [men].  Saguntum  was  by  fai 
(longe)  the  most  opulent  city  of  Spain,  situated  (situs)  about  a 
mile  [=  1000  paces]  from  the  sea.  The  soldiers  attacked 
(adoriri)  the  rear  (novissimum  agmen )  of  the  enemy  and 
followed  them  up  (prosequi)  many  miles.  Alexander  marched 
from  India  into  the  territory  of  the  Malli,  where  80,000  infantry 
and  60,000  cavalry  were  expecting  him  (opperiri).  Of  the 
Greek  orators  the  foremost  (praestdns)  are  those  who  lived 
[  ~  were]  at  Athens.  Of  these,  however  (< autem ,  §  486),  by  all 
odds  ( facile )  the  first  (princeps)  was  Demosthenes.  You  have 
so  many  (tantum)  books  yourself;  what  [books]  in-the-name- 
of-common-sense  ( tandem )  are  you  looking  for  (requirere)  in 
the  library  (bibliotheca)  ?  How  much  profit  (lucrum)  have 
you  made?  You  wish  to  have  more  money.  This  thing  does 
(afferre)  most  good  (utilitds).  There  was  less  booty  than  they 
had  expected.  We  despise  those  who  have  (§  349,  R.  4)  not  a 
trace  (nihil)  of  worth,  no  genius,  no  vigor  (vis,  or  nervus ,  pi.). 
All  the  country  [—  what  of  country  there  is]  between  Rome 
and  Fldenae  is  laid  waste.  All  the  gold,  all  the  silver,  [and] 
all  the  valuable  articles  (orndmenta)  that  were  (Pf.)  in  Sicily, 
have  been  carried  off  (auferre)  by  Yerres. 

163.  When  Caesar  had  crossed  the  Rubicon,  everything  was  full 
of  fear  and  confusion  (error).  Many  were  eager  for  (avidus) 
a  revolution  (mutdtio  rerum).  It  is  his  habit  to  bear  in  mind 
(memorem  esse)  benefit  and  injury.  Man,  in  that  (quod)  he  ifi 
endowed  with  (particeps)  reason  sees  the  causes  of  things.  Do 
(agere)  what  is  suitable  to  your  time  of  life.  The  Roman  state 
has  produced  (ferre)  [but]  few  equal  to  Metellus.  He  is  like 
his  father.  The  servant  is  usually  like  his  master.  Tullus 
Hostilius  was  unlike  his  immediate  predecessor'  (proximm 
rex).  The  ape  ( simia ),  how  like  is  the  hideous  (turpis)  beast 


GENITIVE. 


95 


to  us!  Of  (ex)  the  twins,  one  is  like  the  father,  the  other  like 
tne  mother.  Peculiar  to  man  (homo)  is  the  careful  search 
(inquisitio  atque  investigatio)  after  truth  ( verum ).  The  island 

u 

Delos  was  sacred  to  Latona,  Apollo,  and  Diana.  It  was  (Pf.) 
once  (quondam)  the  peculiar  [fortune]  of  the  Roman  people  to 
carry  on  war  far  from  (longe  a)  home,  [and]  to  defend  the  for¬ 
tunes  of  [their]  allies,  not  their  own  roofs.  When  ( quum ,  with 
Ind.)  we  are  free  (vacuus)  from  necessary  engagements  (negd 
tium)  and  cares,  then  we  desire  to  see  and  hear  something. 
The  soldiers  scaled  (scdUs  capere)  the  walls,  [which  were] 
stripped  (vacuus)  of  defenders  (defensor).  I  am  free  from  all 
agitation  (perturbdtio)  of  mind.  In  reliance  on  your  bravery, 
soldiers,  I  will  go  to  meet  (obviam  ire)  the  superior-numbers 
(multitude)  of  the  enemy.  The  city  was  surrendered  (trddere) 
to  Caesar,  bare  (nudus)  of  [its]  garrison  and  chokeful  of  pro¬ 
visions  (copiae). 

164.  Misfortune  (res  adversae)  reminds  [us]  of  religious-duties 
(religiones).  He  reminded  me  of  our  old  friendship.  The  bad 
(improbus)  man  will  some  day  with  anguish  (dolor)  recall  his 
crimes  (f acinus).  Good  citizens  think  of  the  benefits  of  [their] 
country.  So  strong  (tantus)  was  the  memory  of  Hortensius, 
the  orator,  that  he  recollected  all  the  words  of  his  opponents 
(adversarius).  Old  men  remember  everything  they  care  about 
(curare  aliquid). 

165.  1.  Orestes,  accused  of  matricide  (-cidium)  before  (ad) 
the  Areopagus,  was  acquitted  by  the  vote  (suffrdgium)  of 
Minerva.  Cicero  convicted  Yerres  of  excessive  (nimius)  ava¬ 
rice.  The  jury  (judices)  condemned  Socrates  to  death.  lie 
leclared  his  own  son-in-law  guilty  of  the  crime  (scelus).  The 
jenate  neither  acquitted  the  king  of  blame  (cidpa)  nor  accused 
[him].  Catiline  was  indicted  (reum  fieri)  for  extortion  (ret 
repetundae).  Camillas  in  his  absence  (§  324,  R.  G)  was  fined 
fifteen  thousand  ases  heavy  money  (gravis  aeris).  The  exiles 
are  punished  in  money  and  in  property.  Tiberius  made  an 
interdict  (inter dicer e)  that  the  relations  [of]  those  [who  were] 


06 


INTEREST  AND  KEFERT. 


condemned  to  death  should  not  (§  548)  wear  mourning  foi 
{lug ere  aliquem)  [them]. 

2.  Many  are  wont  to  set  little  value  ( pendere )  on  what  is 
their  [own].  No  possession,  no  mass  (vis)  of  gold  and  silver,  ip 
to  be  valued  more  highly  than  virtue.  To  act  with  considera¬ 
tion  ( considerate )  is  worth  more  than  to  think  wisely.  No 
plague  ( pestis )  has  cost  (stare)  the  human  race  as  much  a» 
anger.  When  (quum,  Ind.)  the  weal  of  the  country  is  at  stake 
(agl)  we  must  think  less  of  everything  else.  Certain  (quldam) 
philosophers  have  thought  nothing  of  pain  and  pleasure.  1 
bought  this  book  for  a  denarius.  Chrysogonus  purchased 
(mercarl)  a  Corinthian  vessel  (vds)  for  a  high  price  (pretium). 
The  house  (aedes)  was  sold  for  a  round  (grandis)  [sum  of] 
money.  Men  often  subject  themselves  to  the  order [s]  (im- 
perium)  of  another  (alter)  for  hire  (mercede  conducere ,  to  hire). 
Dear  did  that  delay  (cunctatio)  cost  him. 

LXIV.  Interest  and  Refert. 

G.  381 ;  A.  50,  4,  d;  A.  &  S.  219  ;  B.  808  ;  H.  408. 

(  On  the  Sequence  of  Tenses.) 

G.  510  foil. ;  A.  58,  10  ;  A.  &  S.  258  ;  B.  1164  ;  H.  480. 

166.  1.  It  is  the  interest  of  all  to  act  right.  It  was  more  to 
the  interest  of  the  Athenians  to  have  substantial  (firmus)  roofg 
on  their  dwellings  (domicilium)  than  the  finest  ivory  statue  of 
Minerva.  It  is  of  the  greatest  importance  that  1  should  see 
personally  (cor am),  how  you  (quem  ad  modum)  accomplish 
(subj.)  the  matter.  Thou  wilt  perceive  how  much  concerned 
the  State  is  that  all  the  troops  should  assemble  as  soon  as 
possible  (prlmo  quoque  tempore).  We  are  both  (§  370,  R.  2) 
interested  in  being  together  (und).  It  makes  the  greatest 
difference  at  what  time  the  letter  was  delivered  to  you.  It  makes 
no  difference  how  many  books  you  have,  but  how  good  [they 
are.]  Much  will  depend  on  what  (qul)  the  temper  (animus)  of 
the  victor,  what  the  issue  of  things  has  been.  The  Spartan 
state  was  much  interested  in  the  maintenance  (servdre)  of  the 
laws  of  Lycurgus.  I  am  very  much  ini  crested  in  seeing  you. 


ABLATIVE. 


97 


It  is  ji  matter  of  great  importance  to  us  for  you  to  be  with 
(cum)  us.  I  think  that  it  is  not  only  my  interest  but  yours  too 
that  you  should  come  as  soon  as  possible  (quarn  primum). 

2.  It  makes  no  difference  whether  the  revolt  ( defectio )  of  the 
Tarentines  took  place  (fieri)  this  year  or  the  year  before  (prior) 
What  difference  will  it  make  a  hundred  years  hence  (ad  centum 
dnnos)  whether  the  games  were  celebrated  (fieri)  or  not  ? 
(§461).  It  made  a  very  great  difference  to  the  Romans,  whether 
they  had  Fabius  or  Otacilius  for  consul.  It  makes  no  difference 
to  me  whether  you  arrive  too-late  (sero)  or  not.  It  is  of  the 
utmost  importance  to  you,  as  a  general  (§  381,  R.  2),  that  your 
soldiers  be  not  (ne)  killed  in  [their]  beds.  It  was  both  to  his 
interest  and  to  yours  that  the  war  should  be  finished  before 
the  auxiliaries  arrived  (§  579).  It  was  to  the  interest  of  Mar- 
cellus  that  Archimedes  should  not  be  killed.  Galiio  said  that 
it  was  no  concern  of  his  that  Sosthenes  had  been  beaten 
(vapulare)  by  the  rabble.  It  was  greatly  to  his  interest,  so- 
far-as-expense-was-concerned  (ad  sdmptus),  that  his  aunt  should 
die.  It  makes  no  difference  to  me — as  a  very  (admodum) 
young  man — whether  I  attain  (adipisci)  the  highest  honors  now 
or  not.  What  business  is  it  of  yours  how  many  slaves  he  sold  ? 

LXV.  Ablative. 

G.  384-387;  A.  54;  A.  &  S.  254 ;  B.  931 ;  H.  421. 

167.  1.  Everything  there  is  in  this  world  has  been  made  for  the 
sake  of  man  [jt?£].  A  great  quantity  (ms)  of  wood  (195,  R.  6) 
vas  lying  on  the  bank  of  the  river.  In  [the  midst  of]  the 
great  (tantus)  [and]  general  (omnium)  fear,  he  alone  is  not 
ifraid.  In  [the  midst  of]  his  absorbing  (summus)  occupations, 
be  sent  (dare)  me  (§  344,  R.  1)  for  all  that  a  letter.  The  father 
Jying  sick  in  bed  laid  (ponere)  the  letter,  which  he  had  received, 
on  the  pillow  (pulvlnus).  Our  [men]  put  all  [their]  hope  of 
deliverance  (salus)  in  their  bravery.  The  Egyptians  and  the 
Babylonians  bestowed  (ponere)  all  their  attention  (cura)  on 
astronomy  (cognitio  siderum).  Well  painted  pictures  (tabula) 
should  also  be  put  in  a  good  light.  The  soldier  had  been  put 

5 


98 


ABLATIVE. 


( collocare )  on  the  wall  as  [causa)  a  guard  Caesar  put  the 
army  into  winter-quarters.  TThose]  who  have  been  plunged 
( demergere )  into  water  cannot  breathe  (resplrdre).  Nature  has 
impressed  ( imprimere )  on  the  minds  of  all  the  conception 
[notio,  pi.)  of  gods.  Caesar  embarked  [=  put  [imponere)  on 
ships]  his  legions  and  [his]  cavalry  at  Brundusium.  [The] 
laws  [which]  Draco  had  imposed  on  the  Athenians  [were]  too 
(nimis)  harsh  ( durus ). 

2.  The  revilers  ( vituperiitor )  of  philosophy  are  [=  have  been] 
sufficiently  [satis)  answered  (208)  in  the  book  in  which  phi¬ 
losophy  has  been  defended  and  extolled  [collauddre)  by  me 
(wos).  The  ground [s]  of  my  wish  [voluntas)  I  have  set  forth* 
fully  [e xpdnere)  to  you  in  a  previous  [superior)  letter.  Levies 
[delectus)  were  made  [habere)  through  all  Italy.  The  colonies 
of  the  Tyrians  were  scattered  [diffundere)  over  almost  all  the 
world  [orbis  terrdrum) ,  Carthage  in  Africa,  in  Boeotia  Thebes 
( Thebae ),  [and]  (§  483)  Cadiz  (  Gades)  on  (arf)the  ocean.  A 
raven  which  happened-to-be  [forte)  flying-by  ( praetervoldre , 
part.)  dropped  [dmittere)  a  clod  [gleba)  which  he  was  carrying 
in  [his]  claws.  I  will  [Fat.)  show  [demonstrdre)  you  his 
route  [iter) ;  he  set  out  by  the  Aurelian  road.  Caesar  hastened 
[contendere)  by  the  nearest  land  route  [iter  terrestre)  to  Alex¬ 
andria  [ia).  Before  the  rule  [of  the]  Roman [s]  the  power 
(opes)  of  the  Etruscans  [Tusci)  extended  [patere)  far-and-wide 
[late)  by  sea  and  by  land.  The  aged  [grandis  ndtu)  father  has 
been  long  (221)  confined  [tenere)  to  bed.  Nobody  received 
the  fugitives  [fugiens)  into  the  city  or  (=  ve,  §  49 7)  into  [his] 
house  [tectum).  Ships  brought  up  [subvehere)  the  supplies 
(cornmedtus)  by  the  Po  [Padus).  Ariovistus  in  those  days 
kept  his  infantry  [Adj.)  troops  in  camp;  a  [=  in  a]  cavalry 
(Adj.)  engagement  he  fought  [co?ite?idere)  every  day.  In  the 
battle  of  Cannae  (  Cannensis)  there  fell  45,500  infantry  [and] 
2700  cavalry.  The  enemy  [plur.)  was  utterly-routed  [fundere 
et  fug  are ),  and  (=  que,  §  478)  there  were  more  killed  ( interimere ) 
in  this  engagement  than  in  all  before  [superior).  Aemiliug 
Paulus  defeated  Perseus  the  King  of  Macedon  [=  of  the  Mace* 


ABLATIVE 


99 


donians]  at  (  =  near)  Pydna.  Marcus  Cato,  the  son  of  Marcus, 
having  fallen  from  [his]  horse  in  the  battle,  rushed  at  ( inva • 
dere)  the  enemy  {pi.)  a-foot  (§  401,  R.).  In  the  war  against 
{adversus)  Caesar,  Pompey  had  got  together  ( compardre )  a 
great  {Superl.)  quantity  of  corn  from  Thessaly,  Asia,  Epirus, 
and  (=  que ,  §  478)  other  {reliquus)  regions.  Among  {Dat.)  the 
Parthians  the  signal  in  battle  was  given  not  with  the  trumpet 
{tuba)  but  with  the  drum  {tympanum).  My  brother  will  see 
thee  at  Dyrrachium,  or  somewhere  {uspiam)  in  those  (§  291) 
parts.  The  cavalry  {pi.)  fell  upon  ( invadere )  the  enemy  {pi.) 
the  rest  stood  (rnanere)  still  [=  on  the  spot,  locus].  Want 
[inopia)  of  corn  prevents  {prohibere)  [us]  from  remaining 
longer  in  these  parts.  The  camp  was  pitched  in  a  most  ad¬ 
vantageous  {opportunus)  position.  We  shall  have  a  chance 
(  =  opportunity,  facultas)  fora  fight  somewhere  or  other  [=  in 
some  place  or  other  (§  301)  a  chance  of  fighting  will  be  given  ]. 
The  Gauls  joined  {committere)  battle  on  unfavorable  {imquus) 
ground.  We  will  speak  of  this  matter  in  another  place.  The 
sun  does  not  always  rise  or  set  in  the  same  place  [=  not  (§  447) 
in  the  same  place  does  the  sun  always  rise  or  set]. 

G.  888  foil. ;  A.  54,  1 ;  A.  &  S.  251,  242  ;  B.  916  ;  H.  425. 

168.  1.  The  soldier  who  deserts  [his]  flag  {signum)  or  leaves 
{decedere)  [his]  post  {praesidium)  deserves  the  bastinado 
{fustuarium).  A  prodigy  was  announced  [namely]  that  on 
the  Alban  Mountains  stones  had  fallen  from  heaven.  Wearied 
by  the  long- duration  {diuturnitas)  of  the  battle,  they  withdrew 
{excedere)  from  the  engagement.  Scarcely  {vix)  did  they  keep 
off  {arcere)  the  onslaught  ( impetus )  of  the  enemy  from  the  gates 
and  {—que)  walls.  The  missile  {telum)  flew  {fug ere)  out  of 
[his]  hand.  The  Pythagoreans  abstained  from  {abstinere) 
beans  (§  195,  R.  8).  Relieve  {levare)  me  of  this  burden.  I  have 
rid  {exsolver e)  myself  of  engagements  {negotium) .  The  Suevi 
could  not  {Perf)  drive  the  Ubii  out  of  [their]  territory.  Storms 
kept  the  enemy  {pi.)  from  fighting  {Subst.).  Compelled  {cogere) 
by  the  violence  of  the  storm,  he  desisted  from  his  undertaking, 
The  enemy  desisted  from  the  assault  {oppugnatio).  Volusenus 


ABLATIVE. 


100 

did  not  venture  to  go  out  (dgredi)  of  the  ship.  The  Gauls  were 
driven  from  the  territory  ( agri )  and  the  borders  of  Italy. 
Clodius  tried  to  drive  Quintus  Varius  from  his  possessions. 
The  Haedui  could  not  defend  themselves  and  their  [property] 
against  [=  from]  the  Helvetii.  Dejotarus  would  not  wage  wai 
{helium  inf  err  e)  on  the  Roman  people,  but  only  protected 
(; tueri )  his  territory  from  inroads  ( excursio )  and  forays  (latrd 
cinium). 

2.  Ye  have  deprived  Sulpicius  of  [his]  life.  Prusias  [was] 
robbed  (spolidre)  of  [his]  kingdom  and  forsaken  (deserere)  even 
by  his  slaves.  Lucius  Brutus  liberated  the  state  (civitds)  from 
royal  despotism  ( dominatus ).  On  either  side  ( utrimque )  the 
Punic  line  ( acies )  was  (plupft.)  stripped  ( nudare )  of  cavalry 
(< eques ,  sing.,  195,  R.  8).  The  mother  was  bereaved  ( orhare )  of 
her  son.  After  the  death  of  Theramenes,  Greece  was  filled 
( replere )  with  Athenian  exiles  [=  exiles  of  the  Athenians].  [It 
is]  not  by  strength  (vires)  or  quickness  of  body  ( plur .)  [that] 
great  deeds  are  accomplished  ( gerere ),  but  by  wisdom  (cdn- 
silium)  and  influence  ( auctoritas ),  and-of-these  (§  612)  old  age 
is  not  generally  [=  is  not  wont  to  be]  deprived  (orhare).  The 
viceroys  (praefectus)  of  the  King  of  the  Persians  used  to 
cheat  (fraudare)  the  soldiers  of  [their]  pay.  The  tribune 
wished  to  cheat  the  consul  of  the  fruit  of  the  victory.  The 
kingdoms  of  Asia  have  always  abounded  in  gold.  Germany  is 
bountifully-supplied  with  brooks  and  rivers.  Sicily  was  at  the 
height  of  (for ere)  power  (opes)  and  wealth  (copiae),  there  were 
great  works  of  art  (  artificium)  on  the  island,  but  especially  was 
Syracuse  (Syrdeusae)  rich  (ahunddre)  in  statues.  No  part  of 
life  can  be  free  from  duty.  No  one  lacks  a  good  thing,  if  he 
does  not  need  it.  The  army  had  an  abundant  supply  of  water 
suid  fodder  (pdhulum). 

I  have  need  of  a  physician.  I  have  need  of  travelling-money 
( yidticur, .).  The  body  needs  much  food  [and]  much  (286,  R.  1) 
drink  (potio).  Books  are  wanted,  not  many  but  good  [ones] 
In  a  [well]  known  matter  witnesses  are  not  wanted.  I  know 
that  you  want  cash  (nummi)  to  get  up  ( apparatus ,  Suhst.)  the 


ABLATIVE. 


101 


triumph.  We  want  action  ( facere ),  not  deliberation  (c6nsu 
fere). 

G.  392 ;  A.  55,  1 ;  A.  &  S.  253 ;  B.  949,  950  :  H.  426. 

169.  Plato  died  in  [his]  eighty-second  year  [while  in  the  acl 
of]  writing.  On  that  day  a  great  ( superl .)  number  of  the 
enemy  were  wounded  and  killed.  The  consuls  and  praetors  of 
Rome  [=  of  the  Romans]  entered  upon  office  (inire  magistrd* 
turn)  on  the  Ides  of  March  ( Martins ,  a,  urn).  Rome  was  built 
in  the  four  hundred  and  thirty-first  year  after  the  destruction 
( excldium )  of  Troy,  in  the  third  year  of  the  sixth  Olympiad 
(  Olympias ,  ddis).  In  summer  the  nights  are  shorter  than  in 
winter.  I  am  writing  (244)  in  the  third  hour  of  the  night. 
Milo  came  at  midnight  ( media  nox)  with  a  great  band  (manus) 
into  the  Campus  Martius.  Flaminius  arrived  at  sunset  ( occdr 
ms  soils)  at  Lake  Trasimene.  Thy  two  letters  I  received  at 
once  [=  at  one  time].  At  the  death  of  Numa  there  was  a 
return  (res  redit)  to  an  interregnum.  Forsake  (deserere)  those 
by  whom  you  will  be  forsaken  in  a  short  time.  Astronomers 
(mathematici)  teach  [us]  that  the  earth  completes  (cdnficere) 
her  revolution  (cursus)  around  the  sun  in  365  days.  Quintus 
Cicero,  the  brother  of  Marcus,  had  finished  (absolvere)  four 
tragedies  in  sixteen  days.  The  cities  of  Africa,  for  nearly 
(prope)  fifty  years  after  Marcus  Atilius  Regulus  (e)  had  seen 
no  Roman  army.  In  the  docks  (ndvale)  there  were  old  ships, 
which  they  had  not  used  for  many  years.  These  they  refitted 
( rejicere ),  and  so  in  a  few  days,  contrary  to  the  universal 
(omnium)  expectation  (opinio),  they  completed  twenty-two 
quadriremes  (-remis)  [and]  five  quinqueremes.  Four  and 
twenty  years  was  there  fighting  ( certarl ,  199,  R.  l)  with  tht 
Poeni  in  the  first  Punic  war.  In  the  war  with  the  Latins,  tne 
dictator  Postumius  fought  (dimicare)  an  [=  in  an]  engagement 
with  Octavius  Mamilius.  The  Roman  people  was  overcome  in 
many  battles,  but  (verb,  §  489)  in  war  never.  Hannibal  con¬ 
fessed  in  the  senate  (curia)  that  he  was  beaten  not  only  in  the 
battle,  but  [also]  in  the  war.  I  return  to  what  [=  those 
things  which]  I  said  in  the  beginning  Marcus  Orassus  laughed 


102 


ABLATIVE. 


[only]  once  in  [liis]  life.  You  have  an  estate  ( praedvum ,  villa) 
in  Bruttium  from  which  (ancle)  you  can  hear  news  scarcely 
three  times  a  year.  I  have  despatched  (dare)  three  letters  in 
an  hour.  The  senate  decreed  that  the  ambassadors  of  Jugur- 
tha,  King  of  Numidia,  should  withdraw  (clecedere)  from  Italy 
within  the  next  ten  days.  We  have  understood  (accipere)  that 
Marcus  Cato  learned  Greek  ( Graecae  literae)  in  [his]  old  age. 
In  my  chequered  (varius)  fortunes  ( tempus ),  I  have  seen  and 
fully  (penitus)  appreciated  (per spicer e)  thy  feelings-of-solicitude 
(sollicitudo,  195,  R.  5).  Often  have  the  Carthaginians,  in  peace 
and  during  (per)  truce  ( indutiae ),  perpetrated  (facere)  nefari¬ 
ous  deeds  (facinus).  In  war  luck  has  most  power  (posse). 
The  old  Romans  advanced  (curare)  their  state  by  two  methods 
( ars ) :  by  boldness  in  war,  by  justice  in  peace  [=  in  peace  by 
justice]. 

G.  395-6 ;  A.  54,  2  10  ;  A.  &  8.  246,  256,  R.  16 ;  B.  918 ;  H.  425. 

170.  The  queens  of  the  Amazons  boasted  (praedicdre)  that 
they  were  begotten  (gignere)  of  Mars.  Catiline  was  born  of  a 
noble  house  (locus).  Cicero  sprang  (oriri)  from  a  family  of 
equestrian  rank  (locus  equester).  Thales,  one  of  (e)  the  seven 
wise  men,  says  that  everything  consists  (constdre)  of  water.* 
In  the  senate  house  (curia)  at  Syracuse  [there]  was  a  statue  of 
Marcus  Marcellus  made  of  bronze. 

The  Epicureans  measure  the  highest  good  by  advantages, 
not  by  moral-worth  (honestas).  Sins  are  not  to  be  measured 
by  the  result  (evenfois)  of  things,  but  by  the  faults  of  men.  Not 
by  [their]  fortune  will  I  value  (aestimdre)  men,  but  by  [their] 
character.  Everything  that  is  pleasant  (jucundus)  is  judged 
by  the  bodily  feeling  (sdnsus  corporis).  Some  are  human  beings 
not  in  reality  (res)  but  in  name.  We  ought  to  restore  (reddere) 
what  we  have  received  according  to  the  same  measure,  or  even 
In  more  abundant  (cumuldtus)  [measure]  if  we  can  (Fut.).  A 
man  may  be  an  old  man  in  body,  a  youth  in  feeling  (anhnus) 
Friends  are  usually  (solere)  like  [each  other]  in  habits.  Ario« 
vistns  was  by  nation  a  German.  Parmenio  was  next  to  Alex 


*  Material  is  expressed  by  bx  with  Abl. ;  seldom  by  Ablative  alone. 


ABLATIVE. 


103 


wilder  in  dignity.  Caesar,  according  to  custom,  posted  {dis* 
ponere)  sentinels  ( vigiliae )  before  [pro)  the  camp.  The  leaders 
of  the  Gauls  determined  to  fortify  ( munire )  their  camps  after 
the  manner  of  the  Romans.  In  learning  and  every  (omnis) 
kind  of  intellectual-accomplishment  ( literae ),  Greece  surpassed 
the  Romans  ;  in  the  art  of  war  and  military  discipline  the  Ro 
mans  were  superior. 

G.  398 ;  A.  54,  5 ;  A.  &  S.  256 ;  B.  895 ;  H.  417. 

171.  No  animal  ( belua ,  Part.  Gen.)  is  more  sagacious  (pru- 
dens )  than  the  elephant.  No  place  ought  to  be  dearer  ( dulcis ) 
to  thee  than  thy  country.  Nothing  dries  ( drescere )  sooner 
(cito)  than  tear[s].  Nothing  was  further  from  ( longius  aberat 
a)  Caesar  than  cruelty.  Who  was  more  famous  in  Greece 
than  Themistocles  ?  Nothing  is  more  shameful  (turpis)  fora 
man  than  womanish  ( muliebris )  weeping  (< fletus ).  What  is 
more  shameful  than  an  effeminate  man  ?  Deeds  are  weightier 
than  words.  Fortune  has  more  power  ( pollere )  than  human 
counsels.  I  have  received  many  letters  from  you  at  the  same 
(units)  time,  each  more  agreeable  than  the  other  (alius- alias). 

Pompey  was  two  years  (biennium)  older  (major  natu)  than 
Cicero.  The  sun  is  many  times  (pars)  larger  and  more  capacious 
than  the  whole  (universus)  earth.  This  verse  is  a  syllable  too 
short  (§  312).  There  are  much  fewer  (pauciores)  [good]  orators 
than  good  poets  [to  be]  found  (reperire).  The  city  was  forti¬ 
fied  (munire)  not  only  by  walls,  but  much  more  still  (etiam 
magis)  by  [its]  natural  position  (natura  loci,  §  357,  R.  2).  Thou 
hast  received  much  more  good  (pi.)  than  thou  hast  suffered 
(perpeti)  evil  (pi.).  The  more  (plura)  men  have,  the  ( eo ) 
more  (ampliora)  they  desire.  The  greater  the  engagement,  the 
more  famous  (cldrus)  is  also  the  victory.  You  will  much  pre¬ 
fer  (anteponere)  virtue  to  all  things.  One  camp  was  two  miles 
(2000  paces)  from  (distdre)  the  other  [=  camp  from  camp]. 
I  set  out  with  Quintus  Fabius.from  Capua,  and  five  days 
after  we  arrived  at  Tarentum.  The  very  thing  (id  ipsum  quod , 
§  375,  R.  1)  you  remind  me  of,  I  had  written  to  you  four  days 
(quadriduum)  before.  Long  [  =  much]  before,  I  foresaw  (prd 


L04 


ABLATIVE. 


xpicere)  tlie  coming  (futurus)  storm.  Numa  Pompilius  lived 
(esse)  many  years  before  Pythagoras.  Yesterday,  not  long 
[—  not  much]  after  you  went  away  (< discedere )  from  me,  the 
letter  was  handed  (trader e)  to  me.  Carthage  was  founded 
eighty-two  years  before  Rome.  The  money  was  carried  off 
(auferre)  and  not  recovered  until  many  years  afterward  [not 
j  n  til  =  demum\. 

G.  401  foil.  ;  A.  54,  6,  7 ;  A.  &  S.  247.  249  ;  B.  888  ;  H.  414. 

172.  He  prosecuted  ( versari  in)  this  study  with  talent  ( ingenir 
um)  and  not  without  industry.  Marcus  Crassus  perished  on 
the  other  side  of  the  Euphrates  in  shame  and  disgrace  ( igno - 
tninia  et  dedecus).  You  have  written  this  with  great  care  and 
diligence.  I  have  consulted  your  interests  to  my  cost  (mag¬ 
num  damnum).  The  Marseillese  (Massilienses)  kept  [their] 
treaty  with  the  Romans  with  the  greatest  (summus)  fidelity. 
Cato  spoke  against  Servius  Galba  before  (ad)  the  people  with 
the  greatest  (summus)  energy  (contentio).  The  legions  set  out 
in  high  spirits  (alacer  animus).  In  anger  nothing  can  be  done 
well  (recte).  The  Gauls  suffered  the  army  of  Hannibal  to  pass 
(trdnsmittere)  through  their  territory  in  peace-and-quiet  ( bona 
pdx).  The  general  extended  (longius  porrigere)  his  line  of 
battle,  and  in  this  way  advanced  (procedere)  against  (ad)  the 
camp  of  the  enemy.  The  tribune  of  the  commons,  Gajus 
Memmius,  excited  (accendere)  the  feelings  (animus)  of  the  com¬ 
mons  in  every  (omnis)  way.  The  war  ought  ( Ger.)  to  have 
been  carried  on  in  a  far  different  (alius)  method.  Swans 
(cygnus)  die  amid  song  and  pleasure  (voluptds).  The  Greek 
rhetoricians  ( rhetor ,  dris)  used-to-sit  (assidere)  in  school  amidst 
a  great  attendance  (frequentia)  of  the  public  (homines).  He 
lived  to  extreme  (summus)  old  age  in  the  best  health.  Hares 
sleep  with  [their]  eyes  open  (pat&ns). 

Aristotle,  a  man  of  great  (summus)  genius  and  knowledge, 
combined  wisdom  (prudentia)  with  eloquence.  Men  of  the 
highest  (praestdms)  gifts  ( ingenium ,  pi.)  have  devoted  them¬ 
selves  to  (se  conferre  ad)  the  study  of  philosophy.  The  sun  is 
of  such  a  size  that  it  illuminates  (colldstrare)  and  fills  every 


ABLATIVE. 


105 


thing  ( cdXncta )  with  its  light.  The  war  was  great  and  bloody 
(atrdx)  and  of  varying  victory.  More  ( plura )  I  cannot  write, 
so  (ita)  shocked  ( percellere )  and  depressed  ( abjicere )  are  my 
feelings  [=  of  so  shocked  and  depressed  feelings  am  I].  Ibises 
( Gen.  is  or  idis)  are  tall  ( excelsus )  birds  with  stiff  ( rigidus ) 
legs,  with  horny  (comews)  and  projecting  ( procerus )  bills;  they 
kill  and  devour  a  great  quantity  (vis)  of  snakes  (anguis).  I 
feel  [=  am  in]  extraordinary  ( incredibilis )  solicitude  about  thy 
health.  The  name  of  Hannibal  was  very  famous  [=  of  great 
fame]  among  (apud)  all. 

G.  403  foil. ;  A.  54,  6  ;  A.  &  S.  247,  250  ;  B.  873,  890 ;  H.  414,  429. 

173.  Bulls  protect  themselves  (se  tutari)  with  [their]  horns, 
wild  boars  with  [their]  tusks  (dens),  lions  with  [their]  teeth 
(morsus,  sing.),  some  animals  by  flight,  some  by  hiding  (occul- 
tdtio).  Pyrrhus  was  killed  (interire)  by  a  blow  with  [  =  struck 
by]  a  stone.  Darius  was  bound  by  his  relations  (propinquus) 
with  golden  fetters  and  chains.  The  enemy  has  devastated  the 
whole  region  with  fire  and  sword  (ferrum  ignisque,  Abl.  in  i). 
To  win  (colligere)  the  good  will  of  [one’s  fellow-]  citizens  by 
flattery  is  disgraceful.  The  highest  hope  of  his  [fellow-] 
citizens  he  has  surpassed  (super are)  by  incredible  bravery. 
We  will  (fut.)  examine  [=  explore]  this  thing  by  means  of 
active  (impiger)  young  men. 

Country  life  (res  rdsticae)  is  pleasant  ( laetus ),  not  only  on 
account  of  the  crops  and  meadows  and  vineyards  (vineturn)  and 
shrubbery  (arbustum,  pi.),  but  also  on  account  of  the  gardens 
and  orchards  (pomdrium),  then  on  account  of  the  pasturage 
(pastus)  of  cattle  ( pecudes ),  the  swarms  (exdmen)  of  bees 
[and]  the  variety  of  all  [manner  of  ]  flowers.  He  fears  [his] 
father  on  account  of  his  guilty  conscience  (delicti  conscientia). 
Nero,  on  account  of  the  remembrance  (recorddtio)  of  his  crimes 
(/acinus),  was  never  free  from  fear.  For  want  of  water  the 
enemy  begged  for  a  parley  (colloquium).  On  account  of  the 
great  occupations  of  him,  of  whom  everything  is  sought  ( petere ), 
access  (aditus, pi.)  to  (ad)  him  was  more  difficult  [than  usual]. 
From  fear  of  envy  he  dares  not  say  what  he  thinks  (•« entire ) 


106 


ABLATIVE. 


Thy  grandmother  died  from  longing  after  thee  (§  363).  From 
the  brevity  of  the  letter  you  will  [=  be  able  to]  see  (scire)  that 
he  is  very  much  occupied.  The  want  of  everything  increases 
in  consequence  of  the  long  siege.  All  good  men  mourn 
(maerere)  over  the  loss  ( interitus )  of  their  [beloved]  ones.  The 
boy  exults  for  joy.  From  excessive  ( nimius )  joy  I  was  almost 
beside  myself  (desipere). 

G.  408  foil.,  comp.  667  foil.;  A.  54, 10,  b;  A.  &  S.  257;  B.  965 ;  H.  531. 

174.  The  greatest  earthquake  (terrae  motus )  took  place 
(exsistere)  under  the  emperor  Tiberius,  when  many  cities  of 
Asia  fell-in-ruins  ( corruere )  on  the  same  day.  Cicero  was  in 
the  habit  of  writing  [down]  his  speeches  after  the  cases  had 
been  already  settled  (trdnsigere).  Anxur  (neut.)  in  [the  land 
of]  the  Volscians  was  recovered  (recipere)  in  a  short  time, 
because  the  watches  ( custodiae )  had  been  neglected  on  a  holi¬ 
day  (dies  festus).  When  appetite  (libido)  is  mistress  (domindri) 
there  is  no  room  (locus)  for  self-control  (temper antia).  When 
piety  toward  God  is  done  away  with  (toller e),  faithfulness  and 
fellowship  (societds)  of  the  human  race  are  done  away  with 
also.  In  the  heat  (ardens  tempus)  of  summer  the  dog  stai 
(canicidae  sidus)  rises  (exoriri)  as  the  sun  enters  ( ingredi ,  with 
Acc.)  the  first  part  of  Leo.  If  he  himself  were  present,  I  would 
speak  more  timidly  of  his  virtue.  Mucius  Scaevola  came  into 
the  camp  of  Porsenna  and  undertook  (condri)  to  kill  him, 
although  death  stared  him  (sibi)  in  the  face  (propositum  esse). 
Although  everything  (omnes  res)  be  lost,  nevertheless  virtue 
can  maintain  itself  (se  sustentdre).  After  the  expulsion  (exigere) 
of  the  kings,  consuls  were  chosen.  After  the  murder  of  Darius. 
Bessus  (e)  fled  (aufugere)  with  a  few  [attendants].  To-morrow 
(wastinus  dies)  at  sunrise  return  to  the  fight !  At  the  occupa¬ 
tion  of  Jerusalem  ( Ilierosolyma ,  drum)  the  victor  Pompey 
touched  nothing  in  (ex)  that  temple  (fdnum).  Xerxes,  king 
of  Persia  [=  the  Persians],  previously  (anted)  the  terror  of  the 
nations  (gens),  after  [his]  disastrous  campaign  (bellum  tnfeUciter 
gerere)  in  Greece  began  to  be  an  object  of  contempt  (§  350) 
even  to  his  own  [followers].  I  received  the  letter  which  you 


ABLATIVE. 


107 


nad  written  at  the  beginning  ( incipere )  of  [your]  fever.  Of 
(de)  a  departure  ( profectio )  I  am  not  thinking,  except  (nisi) 
with  your  approval  (approbdre).  The  Gallic  war  was  carried 
oh  under  the  command  ( imperator )  of  Caesar.  Augustus  was 
born  in  the  consulship  of  Cicero  and  Antonius.  This  crime 
(facinus)  the  youth  has  committed  ( facere )  at  thy  instigation 
(auctor).  All  this  did  Quintius  at  the  instigation  and  advice 
(sudsor)  of  Raevius.  The  son  died  in  [his]  father’s  lifetime. 
The  poems  of  that  poet  were  [held]  in  such  ( tantus )  honor  in 
our  boyhood  that  we  learned  them  by  heart  ( ediscere ).  Even 
in  a  clear  (serenus)  sky  it  thunders  sometimes  (aliquando).  The 
wolf  escaped  ( evadere )  in  the  midst  of  a  great  tumult  [on  the 
part]  of  [his]  pursuers  (cdnsectari). 

The  Gauls  routed  ( fundere )  the  army  of  the  Romans  on  the 
Allia  and  approached  the  walls  of  the  city.  Pyrrhus  sent  am¬ 
bassadors  into  the  city  and  exerted  himself  (adniti)  in  every 
way  to  have  a  treaty  made  (Pass.)  and  to  be  received  into  the 
friendship  of  the  Romans.  After  Caesar  had  made  (habere) 
this  speech  and  roused  (excitare)  the  courage  (animi)  of  all,  he 
gave  the  centurions  the  commission  (negotium)  of  (ut)  suspend¬ 
ing  (intermittere)  all  other  works  (opus)  and  throwing  [their] 
energy  on  (animum  ednferre  ad)  digging  (fodere)  wells 
(puteus).  Caesar,  after  spending  (ednsumere)  a  few  days  in 
Syria,  gave  Sextus  Caesar,  his  friend  and  kinsman  ( propinquus ), 
the  command  of  (praeficere)  the  legions  and  the  province. 
Caesar  convoked  an  assembly  (contio)  and  bestowed  (tribuere) 
on  every  (quisque)  brave  [man]  (§  305)  rewards.  The  besieged 
( oppiddnus )  made  a  sally  (eruptio)  and  killed  a  great  number 
of  the  enemy  (pi.)* 


108 


PKBDIOATIOV. 


Third  Course. 


PART  II. 

'  \ 


LXVI.  Predication. 

G.  197  ;  A.  46,  2  ;  A.  &  S.  210  ;  B.  666  ;  H.  808. 

175  With  the  exception  of  ( praeter )  virtue,  everything  that  18 
conpidered  ( putdrety  a  blessing  of  body  and  fortune  seems  insig¬ 
nificant  (i exiguus )  and  paltry  ( minutus ).  No  one  has  [ever] 
become  immortal  by  cowardice.  In  consequence  of  (ex)  un¬ 
bounded  (infinitus)  license,  the  minds  of  the  citizens  become 
(evadere)  fanciful  ( fastidiosus )  and  effeminate  (mollis).  Caesar 
became  famous  by  his  clemency.  Cicero  stood  forth  (exsistere) 
as  the  advocate  (pair onus)  of  Sextus  Roscius.  You  proved  ( ex¬ 
sistere )  a  helper  (adjutor)  to  me  in  [time  of]  danger.  After 
the  fall  (interitus)  of  Sejanus,  Tiberius  became  rampant  (saevis- 
simus).  Every  burden  is  made  lighter  by  patience.  Con¬ 
stantine  was  chosen  emperor  in  Britain  (Britannia)  by  the 
soldiers.  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero  and  Gajus  Antonius  were 
declared  consuls.  No  one  is  held  [to  be]  a  great  general  with¬ 
out  the  greatest  knowledge  of  military  matters  (sing.).  The 
race  (g&ns)  of  the  Scythians  has  always  been  held  [to  be]  the 
oldest.  Dejotarus  was  thought  (existimdre)  by  the  senate 
worthy  of  the  royal  title  ( regale  nomen).  Antony  was  de¬ 
clared  (judicdre)  by  the  senate  an  enemy  of  the  country. 
Among  the  old  Romans  [he]  was  called  an  enemy  whom 
following-generations  called  a  foreigner  (peregrinus).  Justice 
toward  (adversus)  the  gods  is  called  religion ;  toward  parents 
filial-duty  (pietds).  Cluilius,  the  Alban  general  [=the  gen- 


PREDICATION. 


109 


eral  of  the  Albans],  surrounded  his  camp  with  a  ditch ;  the 
ditch  was  called  for  (per)  several  centuries  (saeculum),  from  the 
name  of  the  leader,  the  Cluilian.  My  father  was  Antimachus  ; 
my  name  is  (=  I  am  called,  vocdrl)  Lyconides. 

G.  334 ;  A.  46,  2;  A.  &  8.  230 ;  B.  715 ;  H.  873 
176.  Necessity  makes  even  the  timid  brave.  The  uncle,  being 
attacked  ( afficere )  by  a  grave  malady,  made  his  sister’s  son 
[his]  heir.  The  Romans  chose  Aemilius  Paullus  [to  be  their] 
consul  against  Hannibal.  I  have  always  considered  him  half 
crazy  (male  sanus ),  now  I  consider  him  besides  that  [=  also] 
a  scoundrel  (impurus)  and  a  villain  (sceleratus).  Socrates 
regarded  (arbitrari)  himself  [as]  an  inhabitant  and  citizen  of 
the  whole  world.  Verres  despised  the  Sicilians  (Siculi) ;  he 
did  not  look  upon  them  as  (d&cere  pro )  human  beings.  The 
old  poets  call  the  fruits-of-the-field  (fruges)  Ceres ;  wine,  LibeT 
or  (slve)  Bacchus.  The  consul  Lucius  (u)  Furius  appointed 
(dlcere)  Lucius  Papirius  Cursor  dictator,  by  whom  Quintus 
Fabius  Maximus  was  appointed  Master  of  Horse  (Magister 
Equiturn).  Our  ancestors  used  to  call  the  supreme  council, 
the  senate.  Romulus  called  (vocdre)  the  city  after  (ex  or  d) 
his  name,  Rome.  The  ancients  called  Spain  after  the  river 
Iberus  (e),  Iberia.  Gajus  Quinctius  is  dead;  [as  his]  heir  he 
left  by  will  (ex  testdmento)  his  brother  Publius  Quinctius.  I 
have  left  the  matter  untouched  (integer),  I  have  you  [as]  wit¬ 
nesses.  To  have  all  citizens  [for  one’s]  friends  would  be 
(246,  R.  1)  a  nuisance  ( operosus ,  Adj.) ;  it  is  enough  not  to  have 
them  [for]  enemies.  We  consider  (habere  pro)  certain  what  is 
perceived  by  the  senses.  Verres  had  made  (reddere)  the  well- 
furnished  (exorndtus)  and  [well-]  arranged  (instructus)  house 
of  Sthenius  almost  entirely-empty  (nicdus  et  indnis).  I  show 
(praestare)  myself  grateful  to  [those  who  have]  deserved  well 
(bene  meritus)  of  (de)  me.  Show  yourself  [to  be]  the  (tails) 
man  that  we  have  always  known  you  to  be  thus  far  (hucusque), 
Nerva  showed  himself  [to  be]  a  just  (Superl.)  and  mild  prince 
Gnaeus  Pompey  showed  himself  (se  exhibere)  the  author  of  my 
salvation 


110 


PREDICATIVE  ATTRIBUTION  AND  APPOSITION. 


Predicative  Attribution  and  Apposition, 
t*.  324;  A.  46,  47,  6;  A.  &  S.  204,  205,  R.  15  ;  B.  622  ;  H.  363. 

177.  Socrates  drank  ( kaurire )  the  poison  joyous[ly]  The  armv 
was  brought  ( deducere )  into  winter-quarters  victorious  ( victor ) 
and  laden  ( onustus )  with  spoils.  The  soldiers  did  not  keep 
(servdre)  their  ranks  [but]  fought  singly  ( rdrus )  and  scattered 
(dispergere).  Men  of  business  ( negotiator )  go  unwillingly  and 
rarely  ( rdro ,  Adv.)  from  the  provinces  to  Rome.  Marius,  for 
the  seventh  time  ( septimum )  consul,  died  in  his  house  at  an 
advanced  age  ( senex ).  We  will  be  present  at  the  right  time  to 
save  you  [=  as  saviours,  vindex\.  The  augur  Attus  Navius 
[when]  a  boy,  on  account  of  ( propter )  poverty  was  a  keeper  of 
(poscere)  swine.  The  temple  of  Welfare  ( Salus ),  which  Gajus 
Junius  ( u )  had  vowed  as  consul  [and]  let  the  contract  of 
( locdre )  as  censor,  he  dedicated  as  dictator.  The  whole  summer 
the  Nile  keeps  ( tcnere )  Egypt  ( Aegyptus )  entirely  overflowed 
(i obrutus  et  oppletus).  Very  fortunate  was  Quintus  Metellus, 
who  saw  three  sons  consuls,  one  [of  them]  also  a  censor  and 
triumphing  [general],  and  left  them  in  good  health  ( salvus ),  and 
three  daughters  married.  We  must  follow  nature  as  [our] 
guide.  Hector,  [when]  dying,  told  of  ( denUntidre )  the  death  of 
Achilles  as  near  at  hand  ( propinquus ).  When  ( quum ,  with  Inr 
die.)  a  good  man  has  to  give  ( dicere ,  Gerundive)  [his]  opinion 
under  oath  ( jurdtus ),  he  will  remember  ( meminisse )  that  he 
brings  in  ( adhibere )  God  as  [his]  witness.  Crassus  had  in 
[uti)  Asclepiades  a  friend  and  physician.  In  this  matter  I  shall 
have  the  assistance  of  your  brother  and  yourself  [  =  I  shall  use 
you  and  your  brother  as  helpers]. 

N  o  one  ever  heard  me  complain  of  my  lot  ( sors )  or  say  that 
I  never  saw  any  one  undergo  (sublre)  such  toils.  Pie  found  the 
state  in  a  fa;  different  condition  (longe  aliter  se  liabere)  than 
(§  646)  he  had  expected.  The  great  [summus)  foet  makes 
(facere)  the  old  king  curse  ( exseerdifi )  his  daughters.  The  seer 
(augtr)  Tlresias,  whom  the  poets  represent  (frngere)  as  a  wise 


INFINITIVE. 


Ill 


man,  they  never  bring  in  ( inducere )  deploring  his  blindness 
(caecitas). 

178.  Pompey  alone  has  more  power  (plus  posse)  than  all  the 
rest.  Bad  citizens  would  rather  ( potius )  perish  with  all  than 
alone.  It  is  the  wise  man  alone  who  has  the  good  fortune 
(contingit)  to  (ut)  do  nothing  against  his  will  ( invltus ),  nothing 
under  compulsion  [=  forced].  It  is  a  common  (usitatus)  con¬ 
solation:  you  are  not  the  only  one  to  whom  this  has  happened. 
Quintus  is  entirely  changed  (commutdre).  Spain  was  the  last 
(qiostremus)  of  the  provinces  that  was  completely-subjugated 
(perdomare).  Sicily  was  the  first  of  all  to  be  made  a  province 
Marius  wounded-the-pride-of  (laedere)  thev  nobles,  now  ( modo ) 
singly,  now  in  a  body  (universi).  Zeno  (e)  thought  that  a 
happy  life  depended  (positum  esse)  on  virtue  alone.  Tullia  was 
the  first  to  salute  her  consort  as  king.  Lead  was  first  brought 
(< apportare ,  Active  construction)  by  Midacritus  from  a  Cassiteri- 
dan  island  ( Cassiteris ,  idis).  The  nation  of  the  Phrygians 
(Phryges)  first  yoked  (jungere)  a  two-horse  chariot  ( bigae ). 
A  trial  for  life  (judicium  capitis)  was  first  held  on  the  Areo¬ 
pagus.  In  the  senate  Pompey  was  generally  (plerumque)  asked 
his  opinion  first.  Racilius  first  asked  me  [my]  opinion.  Raci- 
lius  asked  me  first  [my]  opinion.  Of  the  two  sisters  the 
younger  died  first.  The  senate  was  at  once  convoked,  and  met, 
with  a  full  attendance  (frequens).  The  knights  were  standing 
in  great  numbers  (Superl.)  on  the  steps  of  [the  temple  of] 
Concord.  At  first  I  loved  him,  afterwards  I  despised  him. 
We  first  endure  (tolerare)  [and]  then  embrace  (complector). 

LXVIL  Infinitive. 

G.  527  foil. ;  A.  70,  2  ;  A.  &  S.  272  ;  B.  1152  ;  H.  551. 

179.  We  know  that  the  alternation  (vicissitudo)  of  day  and 
night  is  caused  by  the  revolution  (motus)  of  the  earth  around 
its  axis.  Who  believes  that  there  [ever]  was  a  Centaur  or  a 
Chimaera?  Reflect  (cogitdre)  that  an  enemy  [=  from  an  enemy] 
may  become  a  friend.  We  have  understood  that  Pythagoras 


112 


INFINITIVE!. 


Democritus,  [and]  Plato  travelled  over  (peiagrare)  the  most 
distant  ( ultimus )  lands.  The  physician  assures  ( confirmare ) 
[us]  that  you  will  be  well  ( valens )  shortly  ( propediem ). 
Demaratus  informed  (certidrem  facere)  the  Lacedaemonians  by 
letter  that  Xerxes  was  getting  ready  for  war  ( helium  par  are). 
The  story  ( fdma )  went  ( ferre ,  Impf.)  that  the  temple  of  Diana 
of  Ephesus  ( Ephesius )  was  built  ( facere )  in  common  (commit- 
niter)  by  the  states  (civitds)  of  Asia.  I  grant  ( fatcor ,  confiteor) 
that  I  have  but  now  (nunc  demum )  learned  (cogndscere)  this 
thing.  The  ancients  were  of  opinion  (cSnsere)  that  the  future 
[  =  future  things]  could  be  known  (intelligere)  and  foretold  by 
soothsayers  (rates).  The  news  was  brought  (afferre)  that  the 
enemy  had  entered  the  country  (fines  ingredi).  I  find  (reperio) 
that  Plato  came  to  Tarentum  in  the  consulship  of  Lucius 
Camillus  [and]  Appius  Claudius. 

I  admit  having  done  you  wrong.  He  denied  having  spoken 
with  you.  The  youth  hopes  to  live  a  long  time  [yet].  I  hope 
to  be  at  Athens  in  the  month  [of]  September.  There  is  no 
hope  of  his  returning  soon.  I  hope  to  finish  this  work.  Cleon 
promised  to  finish  (§  424,  R.  3)  the  war  in  twenty  days.  I 
promise  to  undertake  this  service  (officium). 

Gr.  528 ;  A.  70, 2 ;  A.  &  S.  272 ;  B.  1152  ;  H.  551, 1. 

180.  They  say  (dicunt,  ferunt)  that  tortoises  (testudo)  and  cro* 
codiles  bury  (obruere)  their  eggs  in  the  sand.  They  say  that 
Plato  came  to  Italy  to  make-the-acquaintance-of  (cogndscere) 
Archytas  ( Gen .,  ae).  The  story  goes  (trddunt)  that  Romulus 
(o),  the  founder  of  Rome,  was  reared  (nutrire)  by  a  she-wolf; 
Cyrus,  the  king  of  Persia  [=  of  the  Persians],  by  a  bitch. 

The  woman  seemed  (Perf.)  to  be  filled  (affici)  with  great  joy. 
it  seemed  to  me  that  your  brother  was  greatly  rejoiced  [  = 
filled  with  great  joy]  by  my  arrival.  It  is  thought  (existimdre) 
that  you  have  equipped  (pardre)  an  army.  It  is  believed  that 
intellectual-pursuits  ( doctrina ,  Uterae)  were  invented  in  Greece. 
It  is  said  that  Cyrene,  a  virgin  of  extraordinary  beauty,  waif 
carried  off  by  Apollo.  It  is  said  (tradere)  that,  at  the  advice 


INFINITIVE. 


113 


(auctor)  of  the  magi,  Xerxes  set  the  temples  of  Greece  on  fire 
( inflammare ).  There  is  a  tradition  ( trdditum  est)  that  Aristides 
was  the  most  just  of  men  ( unus  omnium ,  §  317).  It  was  be¬ 
lieved  ( creditum  est)  that  the  mice  ate  the  cheese  ( cdseus ). 

The  Phoenicians,  it  is  said,  were  experienced  ( Superl .)  sailors. 
Romulus,  they  believed,  had  gone  ( trdnsire )  to  the  gods. 
Plysses  and  Nestor,  we  have  learned,  were  the  wisest  of  men. 
Many  fables  which,  they  say,  were  written  by  Esop  (Aesopus), 
have  been  made  by  moderns  ( recentiores ).  The  general  hurried 
(occurrere)  with  the  cavalry  to  the  aid  of  his  [men],  who,  he 
had  learned  ( accipere ),  had  been  already  beaten  ( pellere ).  They 
bi ought  to  Caesar  those,  by  whom  they  thought  ( existimdre ) 
the  common  people  ( ptebs )  had  been  stirred  up  ( concitdre ). 

It  seems  as  if  my  brother  can  do  nothing  without  your 
advice.  It  seems  as  if  Sicily  once  stuck  on  to  ( adhaerere ,  with 
Dat.)  Italy.  It  seems  as  if  I  shall  never  return  to  [my]  coun¬ 
try.  It  seemed  as  if  the  whole  army  was  about  to  perish. 

G.  532  ;  A.  57,  8,  d ;  A.  &  8.  272  ;  B.  1153  ;  H.  551,  II. 

181.  The  Pythian  (y)  Apollo  bids  us  know  ( ndscere )  ourselves 
(nosmet).  The  teacher  bids  the  scholar  come  at  nine  o’clock 
(nona  bora).  The  father  forbids  his  son  to  come  into  his  sight 
(conspectus).  The  consul  ordered  the  men  to  be  thrown 
(conjicere)  into  prison  (career).  Cyrus  ordered  Croesus  to  be 
burned  [the  burning  [of]  Croesus]  alive.  The  general  ordered 
the  distribution  of  (Inf.)  the  troops  through  (per)  the  province. 
A  storm  rising,  the  admiral  (praefectus  cldssis)  ordered  the 
sails  to  be  reefed  (contrahere)  and  the  yards  (antennae)  lowered 
(demittere).  The  praetor  had  [=  ordered]  the  man  arrested 
and  hanged  on  (in)  a  (quidam)  wild-olive  ( oleaster ,  Masc.),  a 
tree  which  (§  618)  stood  [=  wag]  on  the  market-place  of  the 
city. 

G.  535 ;  A.  57,  8,  b ;  A.  &  S.  272  ;  B.  1150  ;  H.  549. 

182.  It  was  the  custom  that  when  (Abl.  Abs.)  the  sacrifice  for 
purification  (lustrationis  sacrum)  was  finished  (peragere)i  the 
army  should  pass-by-in-review  (decurrere).  It  is  [high]  time 

8 


L14 


GERUND  AND  GERUNDIVE. 


that  we  should  now  (jam)  think  of  ( de )  the  eternal  (perpetuus) 
[life]  to  come  (292),  [and]  not  of  this  present  (§290)  brief 
(exiguus)  life.  It  is  not  right  that  the  greater  should  obey  the 
less.  It  is  credible  that  the  world  was  made  for  man  (pi.).  It 
is  meet  (par)  that  I  know  [=  should  know]  your  plans.  It  is 
certain  that  children  are  loved  by  [their]  parents.  That  a  great 
multitude  of  Germans  should  have  come  to  Gaul,  was  danger¬ 
ous  to  the  Roman  people.  It  is  clear  that  we  are  born  for 
action  (agere).  It  was  known  that  Caesar  would  make  war 
upon  ( helium  tnferre)  the  Venetians.  It  is  known  that  you 
were  absent  on  that  day.  An  orator  must  have  a  good 
memory  (§  349,  R.  4).  If  there  is  much  dust  on  his  shoes 
(calceus),  he  must  come  from  (ex)  a  journey.  You  must  be 
stout-hearted  (animus).  It  has  delighted  (juvdre)  me  that 
your  studies  (liter ae)  have  been  of  advantage  (prodesse)  to 
you.  It  is  not  necessary  that  I  write  to  (ad)  you  what  [=  that 
which]  is  known  to  you. 

LXVHL  Gerund  and  Gerundive. 

G.  426  foil. ;  A  72,  5,  73  ;  A.  &  S.  274  foil. ;  B.  1304  foil,  f  H.  559-566. 

183.  The  Lacedaemonians  were  fired  ( inflammdtus )  by  the 
desire  of  conquering.  The  carefulness  of  your  writing  [=  your 
carefulness  of  writing]  has  pleased  me  very  much.  I  will 
undertake  (aggredi)  the  matter,  not  so  much  (tarn)  with  the 
hope  of  accomplishing  [it]  as  with  the  wish  to  try  [it].  The 
alternation  (vicissitudo)  of  day  and  night  preserves  living-beings 
( animdns )  [by]  assigning  (tribuere)  [them]  one  (alius)  time  for 
action,  one  for  rest.  We  came  into  the  garden  for  the  sake  of 
taking  a  walk.  I  have  written  much  to  you  by  way  of  [  =  for 
the  sake  of]  admonition.  God  has  made  the  animals  for  the 
sake  of  man,  as-for-instance  (ut)  the  horse  for  (causa)  riding 
( vehi ),  the  ox  for  ploughing  [  =  for  ploughing  the  ox].  Man  is 
naturally  eager  to  learn.  The  soldiers  were  eager  to  fight. 
Wrapping-paper  (charta  emporetica)  is  worthless  (inutilis)  for 
writing.  We  see  that  some  (alii)  by  [their]  swiftness  (veldcitds) 
are  good  (voter e)  at  running,  others  by  [their]  strength  (;>Irfs) 


GERUND  AND  GERUNDIVE. 


115 


[goodj  at  wrestling  ( hidden ).  We  are  not  only  (solum)  inclined 
( propdnsus )  to  learn  but  also  to  teach.  To  think  aright  (bent 
sentlre )  and  to  act  aright  ( recte )  is  enough  for  living  well  and 
happily.  The  character  (mores)  of  boys  reveals  (detegere)  itself 
in  [their]  games  (inter,  ludere).  The  best  orator  is  [he]  who 
by  speaking  instructs  (docere)  the  minds  (animus)  of  [his  j 
bearers  (audiens)  as  well  as  (et~et)  delights  and  excites  ( per •* 
movere)  them.  There  is  often  more  misfortune  in  the  fear 
[=  fearing]  than  in  the  misfortune  itself.  He  has  no  time  free 
(vacare)  [=  no  time  is  free  to  him]  from  writing  or  from  think¬ 
ing.  My  feelings  (animus,  sing.)  are  averse  to  (abhorrere  d) 
writing. 

184.  Catiline  and  his  associates  (Passive  construction)  had  made 
(inire)  plans  to  destroy  the  city,  to  massacre  (occidere)  the  citi¬ 
zens,  to  annihilate  (exstinguere)  the  Roman  name.  All  [my] 
hope  of  alleviating  this  annoyance  is  fixed  on  (positum  esse  in) 
your  kindness.  The  Gauls  maintained  for  a  long  time  the  (ille) 
monstrous  (immanis)  custom  (consuetudo)  of  sacrificing  human 
beings.  Caesar  gave  up  (omiltere)  for  the  moment  (in praesentid) 
the  plan  (ratio)  of  following  Pompey.  To  avoid  the  heat  (color) 
we  rested  (acquiescere)  three  hours  under  a  shady  tree.  I  re¬ 
joice  that  (Acc.  with  Inf.)  you  are  eager  to  restore  (conciliar e) 
peace  among  the  citizens.  The  soldiers  of  Marcellus  were 
highly-skilled  (peritus)  in  besieging  (oppugnare)  towns.  Every¬ 
thing  that  (quidquid)  was  calculated  (idoneus)  to  feed  (cdere) 
the  fire,  was  heaped  (ingerere)  upon  the  works  (opus).  The 
physician  was  busily  (sedido)  preparing  whatever  was  necessary 
for  treating  {curare)  the  wound.  A  supplication  was  made  for 
the  expiation  of  the  [evil]  omens.  There  are  some  games  (lusus) 
[that  are]  right  useful  (non  inutilis,  448,  R.  2)  for  sharpening  the 
wits  (ingenium)  of  boys.  By  nature  we  are  inclined  (pronus) 
to  love  (diligere)  men.  Stormy  weather  (tempestdtes)  is  not 
suitable  (ido?ieus)  for  catching  fish  (pi).  Iron  is  necessary  foi 
the  cultivation  of  land  (agri).  The  eyelids  ( palpebrae )  are 
admirably-adapted  (aptissime  foetus)  for  covering  [=  shutting] 
and  uncovering  [  =  opening]  the  pupils  (papula).  Nature  has 


116 


GKRUNI)  AND  GERUNDIVE. 


given  us  eyes  as  [it  has  given]  the  horse  and  the  lion,  mane 
ysetae ),  tail,  [and]  ears,  in  order  to  show  ( ddcldrare )  the  emo* 
lions  ( motus  animorum).  You  will  be  of  the  greatest  service 
{usui,  §  350)  to  me  in  [=  for]  regaining  {conciliar e)  the  good¬ 
will  ( voluntas )  of  my  opponents  ( adversdrius ).  The  hand  ig 
ialculated  ( aptus )  for  painting,  for  moulding  ( Jingere ),  for 
3hiselling  {sculpere),  for  drawing  out  ( elicere )  the  tones  (sonus) 
)f  stringed-instruments  ( nervus )  and  of  flutes  {tibia).  By  doing 
away  with  ( tollere )  superstition,  religion  is  not  done  away  with. 
By  giving  and  receiving  benefits,  friendships  are  made  ( parare ). 
He  had  written  to  {ad)  me  about  the  purchase  {emere)  of  a 
garden.  Virtue  shows  itself  {cernitur)  especially  {maxime)  in 
the  contemptuous-rejection  {spernere  et  repudiare)  of  sensuous- 
enjoyment  {voluptds) ;  bravery  in  undertaking  {subire)  exertions 
and  dangers.  Old  age  draws  [us]  off  from  active  life  {res 
gerendac).  Collatinus,  in  the  expulsion  of  the  royal  family 
{reges),  was  privy  {socixs)  to  the  plans  of  Brutus.  Cicero  begged 
Luccejus  to  undertake  {suscipere)  the  writing  of  the  history  01 
his  consulship.  Quintus  Catulus  let  {locare)  the  repairing 
{reficere)  of  the  temple.  Six  boys  were  sent  to  Germany  for 
their  education  ( erudire ).  He  contracted  for  {conducere)  the 
assassination  {necdre)  of  the  mayor  {praetor)  of  the  city.  The 
Egyptians  give  [their]  dead  to  the  priests  to  embalm  {condire). 
Diomedon  undertook  to  bribe  {pecunid  cormimpere)  Epaminon- 
das.  Tarquin  gave  the  Sibylline  books  to  two  keepers  to 
preserve  in  the  shrine  {cella)  of  Jupiter.  When  Catiline  was 
planning  {moliri)  a  revolution,  two  knights  undertook  to  kill 
Cicero  in  his  house  and  to  bribe  his  slaves.  I  have  given  him 
my  only  son  to  bring  up. 

G.  243  ;  A.  73  ;  A.  &  S.  274,  R.  11 ;  B.  1308  foil. ;  H.  559. 

185.  When  the  victory  is  won  ( parere ,  Abl.  Abs.),  the  con¬ 
quered  must  be  preserved.  God  is  to  be  honored  {colere)  not 
with  sacrifices  {immoldtio),  but  with  a  pure  heart  {mtns).  The 
honorable  {honesta)  as  such  {per  se)  is  to  be  sought  after  {ex- 
petere).  Riches  are  to  be  lightly  esteemed.  [We]  must  show 
the  stranger  the  way,  that  he  may  not  fall  {incidere)  into 


SUPINE. 


117 


dangers.  I  must  bear  these  annoyances  ( rnolestia ).  You  must 
not  neglect  these  directions  ( praeceptum ).  I  must  sleep.  You 
must  take  a  walk.  You  (pi.)  must  read  this  book  often.  One 
must  adapt  himself  (servire)  to  the  crisis  (tempus).  Eloquence 
must  be  studied  ( studere ),  although  some  (quidam)  abuse  It 
You  must  avail  yourselves  (uti)  of  the  [favorable]  opportunity 
which  offers  itself  (dart,  209).  The  conquered  must  be  spared 
f  par  cere). 

Too  little  (parum)  life  is  left  me  to  enjoy  my  riches.  My 
father  went  to  Bajae  for  the  sake  of  curing  (medeor)  [his] 
gout  (podagra).  We  are  all  inclined  (prdnus)  to  make  use  of 
the  assistance  (opera)  of  others. 

LXIX.  Supine. 

G.  435  foil. ;  A.  74;  A.  &  9.  276  foil. ;  B.  1360  foil.;  H.  569. 

186.  The  people  of  Veji,  quelled  (subigere)  by  [their]  defeat 
(adversa  pugna),  sent  envoys  (orator)  to  Rome  to  sue  for  peace. 
When  the  war  with  the  Helvetii  was  finished,  ambassadors  from 
\Gen.)  almost  the  whole  of  Gaul  came  to  Caesar  to  congratu¬ 
late  (gratulari)  [him].  The  viceroys  (praefecti)  of  the  king 
of  Persia  sent  ambassadors  to  Athens  to  complain  that  (quodt 
§  539)  Chabrias  was  waging  war  against  the  king  in  conjunc¬ 
tion  with  (cum)  the  Egyptians.  He  sent  his  son  to  the  oracle 
to  inquire  (sciscitdri)  what  would  be  the  result  (eventus)  of  the 
war.  I  hired  (conducere)  ten  men  to  whitewash  (dealbdre)  the 
palace.  William  ( Guilelmus)  had  gone  to  the  shore  to  catch 
mullets  (mullus).  Hannibal,  incredible  to  relate,  in  two  days 
(blduvm)  and  two  nights  reached  (pervemre)  Adrumetum, 
which  is  (distdre)  about  (circiter)  three  hundred  miles  from 
Zuma.  It  is  impious  (nefds)  to  say  that  no  old  age  can  be 
happy.  Many  things  happen  [that  are]  hard  to  bear  ( tolerare ). 
A  horrible  sight !  the  old  man  had  his  eyes  gouged  out 
(effodere).  You  must  do  (243)  what  seems  [=:  shall  seem]  best 
to  do. 


M8 


IMPERFECT. - FUTURE  AND  FUTURE  PERFECT. 


LXX.  Imperfect. 

G.  222 ;  A.  58,  3 ;  A.  &  S.  145,  II. ;  B.  1087  foil ;  H.  468. 

• 

187.  Quintus  Fabius  Maximus  remembered  ( memoria  tenere)  all 
the  wars,  not  only  the  domestic  but  also  the  foreign  ( externus ) 
[wars].  The  Lacedaemonians  had  two  kings.  Verres  used  tr 
live  in  the  winter  ( hibernus )  months  at  Syracuse.  In  the  spring 
he  gave  himself  up  (se  dare )  to  work  and  travelling  ( itinera ) ; 
he  was  carried  in  a  litter  ( lectica ),  in  which  there  was  a  pillow 
( pulvlnus )  stuffed  ( farcire )  with  roses  ( [rosa ,  sing .,  §  195,  R.  8), 
he  himself,  moreover  ( autem ,  §  486),  had  one  (units)  wreath  on 
[his]  head,  another  about  (in)  [his]  neck,  and  applied  (admo 
vere)  to  [his]  nose  (nares)  a  net-bag  (reticulum)  of  the  finest 
(tenuis)  linen  (linum)  full  of  roses.  After  [his]  journey  was 
finished  (AM.  Abs.),  he  had  himself  carried  (deferre,  §  210)  in 
the  same  litter  to  [his]  very  (usque)  room  (cubiculum).  The 
long,  covered  ships  were  invented  by  [ active ]  the  Thasians ; 
before  ( anted ),  the  fighting  was  done  ( pugndri ,  §  199,  R.  1)  only 
from  (ex)  the  prow  and  the  stern.  From  (ex)  the  tongue  of 
Nestor  (Gen.  6ris ),  as  Homer  says  (ait,  §  651,  R.  1),  speech 
flowed  more  sweet  than  honey. 

King  Artaxerxes  gave  Conon,  who  was  living-in-exile  ( exsu • 
lare)  at  the-court-of  (apud)  Evagoras  (JEuagoras)  the  command 
of  (praejicere)  the  fleet.  Regulus  returned  to  Carthage ;  he 
knew  full  well  (non  ignordre ,  §  448,  R.  2)  that  he  was  setting  out 
to  [meet]  a  cruel  (Superl.)  enemy  and  exquisite  tortures  (sup- 
plicium ),  but  he  thought  that  an  oath  had  to  be  kept  (ser- 
vdre). 

LXXI.  Future  and  Future  Perfect. 

G.  234-7;  A.  58,  4,  7;  A.  &  S.  149,  III.,  VI. ;  B.  1090-98 ;  H.  470-73. 

188.  Let  the  man  who  desires  to  gain  (adipisci)  the  true  gloiy, 
discharge  the  duties  of  justice.  Let  any  one  get  angry  who 
will.  Nothing  holds  the  commonwealth  together  (continere) 
more  powerfully  ( vehementer )  than  credit,  and  that  (§  612) 
cannot  (§  304,  R.  2)  exist  unless  payment  (solutio)  for  articles- 
purchased-on-credit  (res  creditae )  is  necessary.  When  we  meet 


INDIRECT  QUESTION. 


119 


( congredior ),  then  will  we  confer  ( cdnferre )  together  (§  212) 
personally  ( corarn ).  Before  I  settle  ( cdnsldere )  in  some  place 
or  other,  you  are  not  to  expect  long  letters  from  me.  Since 
(i quoniam )  you  are  a  scholar  (gra?nmaticus),  I  will  ask  you  this 
question  (§  331,  R.  2);  and  if  you  will  solve  it  (§  612)  for  me, 
you  will  relieve  ( liberare )  me  of  great  annoyance.  If  he  is 
made  consul,  he  will  conquer  with  less  crime  than  he  began 
with  [=  than  [that]  with  (Adi.)  which  he  began  (ingredior)]. 
If  you  will  convey  ( deportdre )  the  arms  that  remain  over 
(superdre)  to  Brundusium,  you  will  do  a  vast  service  ( vehe - 
menter  prodesse)  to  the  commonwealth.  Nowhere  shall  I  more 
easily  bear-the-burden-of  (sustentare)  this  wretched  life,  or 
[pel — vel ,  §  496) — which  is  far  better — throw  it  off  [for  good]. 
When  you  return  from  Epirus,  I  want  you  to  write  to  me 
about  the  state-of-public-affairs,  if  there  is  anything  that  (§  634) 
you  nose-out  (odor an).  If  I  have  a  talk  (colloqul)  with 
Antony,  I  will  write  to  you  what  has  been  done.  They  are 
(se  habere)  so  far  (hoc)  better  off  than  we,  in  that  (quod)  when 
they  come  to  Italy,  they  come  home.  Unless  .  my  exercise 
(scriptum)  is  finished  (absolvere)  to-day,  I  shall  not  consider 
myself  acquitted  (liberare)  of  laziness.  It  will  do  no  harm  for 
you  to  have  [=  if  you  have]  a  short  talk  (aliquid  login)  with 
Balbus.  If  you  examine  (inspicere)  the  gardens,  you  will  give 
me  something  to  (§  634)  write  to  you. 

LXXII.  Indirect  Question. 

G.  469;  A.  67,  2;  A.  &  S.  265;  B.  1182;  H.  524.  {On  the  Sequence  oj 
Tenses ,  G.  510  foil. ;  A.  58,  10 ;  A.  &  S.  258  ;  B.  1164 ;  H.  480.) 

189.  That  the  sun  is  great,  the  philosopher  will  prove  (pro- 
bare)  ;  how  great  it  is,  the  mathematician  (mathematicus)  will 
prove.  You  will  see  yourself  what  is  worthy  of  a  brave  and 
wise  man.  We  must  decide  (judicare)  [for]  ourselves  what 
the  case  (causa)  requires.  I  wish  to  know  what  you  have  done. 
The  magnet  (magnes)  is  a  stone  which  lures  (allicere)  and  at¬ 
tracts  (ad  se  attrahere)  iron  ;  the  reason  (ratio)  why  it  happens, 
I  cannot  (nequeo)  tell  (afferre) ;  that  it  actually  (omnino)  hap- 


120 


REFLEXIVE  PRONOUN. 


pens  you  will  not  deny.  You  see  clearly  [=  it  does  not  escape 
( fugere )  you]  how  difficult  this  thing  is.  What  the  nature  of 
the  mind  is,  the  mind  itself  does  not  know.  Many  tribes  (gens) 
do  not  know  why  the  moon  is  eclipsed  [=  fails,  deficere\  Alex¬ 
anders]  friends  asked  [him]  whom  he  made  heir  of  the  throne 
( regnum ).  The  physician  asked  the  sick  man  how  (quemad- 
modum )  he  was  (se  habere).  Sicily  was  the  first  to  teach  the 
Romans  how  splendid  (praecldrum)  it  is  to  lord  it  over  (inv 
per  it  are,  with  Dat.)  foreign  nations.  What  the  character 
(qudlis)  of  Pompey’s  first  speech-to-the-people  ( contio )  was,  I 
have  [already]  written  to  you.  I  do  not  know  what  he  will 
do.  I  do  not  know  what  I  am  to  do  (§  467).  We  do  not  know 
when  the  holidays  (t; feriae )  will  come  (esse).  A  maritime 
Bnemy  scuds  in  ( advolare )  suddenly,  and  does  not  let  it  be 
known  (prae  se  ferre)  who  he  is  or  whence  he  comes,  or  even 
what  he  wants  (velle).  Eumaeus  asked  Ulysses  who  he  was 
and  whence  he  came.  Evander  asked  Hercules  what  sort  of 
man  he  was.  I  will  inform  you  in  what  parts  (locus)  I  am.  I 
remember  what  piece  of  advice  you  gave  me  (aliquid  suadere , 
to  give  a  piece  of  advice).  I  do  not  know  what  [sort]  of  a 
plan  (§  371)  our  friend  has  adopted  (capere).  I  do  not  know 
(ignoro)  what  we  have  to  do  (§  353). 

IiXXUL  Reflexive  Pronoun. 

G.  295,  521  foil.;  A.  19,  3;  A.  &  S.  208;  B.  1018 ;  H.  448. 

19#.  I  expect  the  father  and  his  sons.  The  father  and  his  sons 
are  arrived.  The  father  has  brought  (adducere)  his  sons.  The 
father  is  arrived  with  his  sons.  When  the  father  returned  home, 
bis  sons  were  away  (abesse)  from  home.  I  like  (diligere)  Fabius 
on  account  of  (propter)  his  great  (summus)  kindliness  ( huma • 
nitds).  Fabius  is  loved  by  me  on  account  of  his  great  kindliness. 
King  Cyrus  put  Soebares  in  command  of  (praeponere  aliquem 
alicul)  the  Persians  and  gave  him  his  sister  in  (in  w.  acc.)  mar* 
nage.  Soebares,  put  by  Cyrus  in  command  of  the  Persians, 
married  his  sister.  Men  can  use  animals  ( bestia )  for  (ad)  theii 
service  ( usus)  without  [doing]  wrong.  When  Alcibiades  had 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXERCISES. 


121 

been  cast  out  (prdjicere)  unburied  and  lay  [there]  forsaken 
(deserere)  [a  woman  who  was]  a  friend  [to  him]  covered  his 
body  with  her  cloak  (pallium).  The  Romans  conquered  the 
Corinthians  and  carried  off  ( trdnsportdre )  their  works  of  art 
(ornamenta)  to  their  city.  Cleopatra  applied  ( admovere )  an 
asp  ( aspis ,  idis)  to  (ad)  her  breast  and  was  killed  (exstinguere) 
by  its  venom. 

Word  was  brought  (ndntiare)  to  Cincinnatus  [while]  plough¬ 
ing,  that  he  had  been  made  dictator.  Cincinnatus  [while] 
ploughing  received  the  news  (ndntius)  that  he  had  been  made 
dictator.  Caesar  declared  (cdnfirmdre)  that  he  had  conquered 
not  for  himself  but  for  [his]  country.  Caesar’s  friends  declared 
that  he  had  conquered  not  for  himself  but  for  [his]  country. 
Numa  pretended  (simidare)  that  he  had  (esse)  conferences  by 
night  (congressus  nocturnus)  with  the  goddess  Egeria.  Caesar 
went  on  board  (cdnscendere)  a  ship  and  bade  the  whole  fleet 
follow  him.  Brutus  begs  you  to  receive  him  into  your  friend¬ 
ship.  Eurystheus  ordeied  (imperdre)  Hercules  to  bring  (afferre) 
him  the  arms  of  the  queen  of  the  Amazons.  I  have  been  in¬ 
formed  by  a  letter  from  Atticus  of  your  great  (summus)  gene¬ 
rosity  (liberdlitds)  towards  him. 

LXXIV.  Miscellaneous  Exercises.  (On  the  Cases.) 

191.  1.  Of  all  the  nobles  Gajus  Sulpicius  Galba  studied  (Perf.) 
Greek  literature  most  (maxime).  Few  [=  among]  orators  have 
equalled  the  reputation  of  Demosthenes.  I  have  been  associat¬ 
ing  (uti  §  221)  with  Trebonius  on  the  most  friendly  terms  for 
many  years.  From  fear  of  death  many  have  endured  (perferre) 
the  violence  (vis)  of  the  rack  ( tormenta ,  drum).  The  position 
(dignilds)  of  the  man  (homo)  gave  his  speech  some  (aliquantum) 
weight  (pondus).  Who  of  the  Carthaginians  was  (Pf.)  worth 
more  than  Hannibal  ?  The  soul  during  (per)  sleep  is  free  from 
sensations  and  cares.  Atticus  abstained  from  food  two  days 
(blduum).  The  cavalry,  which  the  Haedui  had  sent  to  Caesar’s 
help  (§  350)  was  commanded  (active  construction ,  praeesse) 
by  Dumnorix.  Distress  (aegritudo)  has  deprived  me  of  sleej>. 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXERCISES. 


L22 


Iu  military  matters  (sing.)  the  Romans  were  (Per/.)  very  pow 
erful  (multum  valere),  not  only  (quum  §  589)  on  account  of 
[their]  bravery,  but  also  and  more  especially  (turn  plus  etiam ) 
in  consequence  of  [their  strict]  discipline.  The  Tyrians  made 
Alexander  a  present  of  a  crown  of  gold  of  great  weight.  Atticus 
had  the  advantage  of  (uti)  a  very  careful  (dilighis)  father 
You  ought  not  (debere)  to  abuse  (male  dlcere)  the  excellent 
man.  You  are  not  unacquainted  with  (non  fugere  aliquem)  the 
examples  of  the  famous  (superl.)  men,  whom  we  ought  to  re¬ 
semble  (similem  esse).  Oh  !  the  fallacious  hope  of  men  and 
tickle  (frag ills)  fortune  and  our  idle  (inanis)  exertions  (com 
tentio)  !  The  besieged  (oppidani)  had  laid  (collocdre)  on  the 
wall  stones  (saxum)  of  great  weight,  and  beams  pointed  at-the- 
end  (praeacutus).  In  an  engagement  [it  is]  always  those  who 
are  most  afraid  (maxim#  timere ),  who  are  most  in  danger  (est 
alicui  perlculum). 

2.  Philopoemen  equalled  any  (quivis)  of  the  renowned  gen¬ 
erals  in  bravery.  Put  on  (imponere)  me  any  burden  you  choose 
(quidvis  §  371);  I  will  bear  [it].  Men  decide  (judicare)  far 
more  (plura)  by  hate  or  love  or  hope  or  fear  or  any  mental 
excitement  (permotio  mentis ),  than  by  the  truth.  Socrates, 
according  to  the  testimony  of  all  cultivated  men  ( eruditus )  and 
according  to  the  judgment  of  all  Greece,  was,  both  (quum)  in 
wisdom  (prudentia)  and  eloquence,  the  prince  of  all  philoso¬ 
phers.  I  perish  by  my  [own]  ill  desert  (vitiurn)  ;  chance  hag 
done  (afferre)  me  no  [nihil)  harm  [=  evil].  It  has  been  all 
brought  upon  [me]  (contrahere)  by  my  own  fault.  How  much 
money  (argentum)  do  you  want  (§  390)  ?  [There  is]  nothing 
[that  is]  either  (§  444)  more  profitable  (uber)  in  the  matter  of 
utility  (usus)  or  handsomer  (ornatus)  in  the  matter  of  appear¬ 
ance  (species)  than  a  well  tilled  (colere)  field.  In  consequence 
of  your  arrival,  I  have  much  more  courage  (animus).  With 
the  multitude  of  trees,  there  could  be  no  lack  of  (deficere)  tim¬ 
ber  (materia).  I  am  accused  by  you  without  ground  of  sending 
(missio)  the  letter.  According  to  the  civil  law  (jus)  [he]  is 
free,  who  is  [born]  of  a  free  mother.  A  great  man  (  Ge'i.  §  305) 


j*tiSCELLANEOUS  EXERCISES. 


123 


holds  firmly  to  ( retinere )  [what  is]  right  and  honorable  in 
every  situation  (fortuna).  When  Caesar  had  crossed  the  Ru¬ 
bicon,  everything  was  full  of  fear  and  confusion  (error).  The 
virtue  of  distinguished  (excellens)  citizens  deserves  (dignum  esse ) 
imitation,  not  envy.  We  finished  the  march  (iter)  by  a  hot 
(aestuosus)  and  dusty  (pulverulentus)  road.  In  that  engagement 
[there]  fell  some  Roman  knights.  The  land  (ager)  is  now 
worth  more  than  formerly  [=  than  it  had  been  heretofore, 
antehac].  The  greatest  evil  is  avarice;  for  many  have  been 
greatly  injured  by  it  [=  for  many  has  avarice  affected  with 
great  disadvantage,  incommodum ].  In  this  solitude  [of  mine] 
I  forego  (car ere)  all  conversation  [  =  the  conversation,  collo 
quium ,  of  all]. 

3.  After  the  capture  (capere)  of  Syracuse,  Marcellus  brought 
to  Rome  the  works  of  art  (orndmenta)  of  the  city,  statues  and 
paintings,  in  which  Syracuse  abounded.  Your  early  (maturus) 
arrival  was  necessary  to  us.  After  murdering  Darius,  Bessus 
fled  with  a  few  [attendants].  The  Albans  with  an  enormous 
(ingdns)  army  made  an  attack  (impetus)  on  the  Roman  terri¬ 
tory  (ager).  The  Arabians  (Arabs)  because  (quod )  they  occupy 
themselves  ( uti )  especially  (maxime)  with  the  grazing  (pastusi 
its)  of  cattle  (pecus  pecudis ,  PI.)  wander  over  (peragrdre) 
plains  (campi)  and  mountains,  summer  and  winter.  In  the 
Peloponnesian  (Peloponnesiacus)  war  the  Athenians  upon  the 
advice  and  under  the  influence  (auctoritds)  of  Alcibiades  de¬ 
clared  war  against  (helium  indicere)  the  Syracusans.  Alexander 
made  himself  master  (potiri)  of  all  Asia  in  a  few  years.  In 
civil  strife  (dissensio)  we  ought  to  take  (sequi)  the  better 
(honestus)  side  (pars).  Nothing  is  more  praiseworthy  (< lau - 
ddbilis),  nothing  more  worthy  of  a  great  and  reno  wned  (praecldr 
rus )  man,  than  a  forgiving  and  merciful  disposition  (pldcabi- 
litas ,  dementia).  In  Africa  there  is  a  race  of  people  of  sound 
(saluber)  body  and  capable  of  bearing  fatigue  (labores).  With¬ 
out  accomplishing  their  purpose  (re  infectd),  the  ambassadors 
returned  home.  I  will  go  into  the  country  and  remain  there. 
Pericles  ruled  (praeesse)  the  state  (civitds)  by  his  great  (superl.) 


124 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXERCISES. 


influence  many  (plurimi)  years  in  peace  and  in  war.  You  act 
( facere )  as  ( ut )  is  becoming  to  you.  The  noble  (honestus)  man 
is  ashamed  to  play  the  slave  (servlre).  I  repent  of  my  laziness. 
That  my  friends  should  know  this  is  a  matter  of  importance  to 
me  and  to  them  ( ipsi ).  Thy  presence  at  Rome  is  a  matter  ol 
great  importance  to  us. 

192.  1.  At  the  outset  ( principium )  of  [his]  speech  ( dlcere )  the 
orator  turned  pale  ( exalbescere )  and  trembled  in  every  ( omnis , 
pi.)  limb  ( artus ,  us).  Although  Themistocles,  as  general  in  the 
Persian  war,  had  liberated  Greece  from  slavery,  when  driven 
into  exile  on  account  of  envy  [=  when  Themistocles  had  liber¬ 
ated  and  (- que )  had  been  driven],  he  did  not  bear  (ferre)  the 
injustice  of  [his]  ungrateful  country;  he  did  the  same  that 
Coriolanus  had  done  twenty  years  before  ;  he  joined  ( se  jun- 
gere)  the  enemy.  The  spendthrift  ( prodigus )  sold  for  a  small 
amount  all  that  he  had  received  from  his  ancestors  ( majores ). 
It  is  the  duty  of  him  who  stands  at  the  head  of  ( praeesse ,  with 
Dat .,  Snbjunct .,  §  631)  the  citizens  to  labor  for  ( servlre )  their 
interests  ( commodum )  and  welfare.  Alexander  died  at  Baby¬ 
lon  of  disease,  aged  thirty-three  years  and  one  month.  I  have 
got  ( ponere )  you  into  favor  with  ( apud )  him.  Epicurus  pre¬ 
ferred  ( malle )  calling  ( dlcere )  the  gods  like  men  to  [calling] 
men  like  the  gods.  We  have  received  the  stranger  into  our 
house  {tectum).  Caesar  set  out  from  Egypt  by  land  for  Syria. 
I  want  very  little  {perexiguum)  time.  That  ship  best  com¬ 
pletes  [its]  course  that  has  (uti)  the  most  expert  (sciens)  pilot 
(gubernator).  He  had  sent  me  {ad  me)  a  letter  full  of  all 
[manner  of]  insults  {probrum)  to  {in)  me.  It  is  a  saying 
(dictum)  of  Chllo  of  Lacedaemon,  one-of  (ex)  the  seven  sages 
(sapiens),  [that]  it  is  becoming  to  forget  a  benefit  conferred 
(dare),  to  remember  [a  benefit]  received.  Nothing  can  be  more 
pleasant  to  me  than  this  book.  The  little  Ciceros  ( Cicerdnes 
pueri)  are  learning  and  practising  (se  exercere) ;  but  the  one, 
as  Isocrates  said  in  the  case  of  (in)  Ephorus  and  Theopompus, 
needs  the  rein  ( frena ),  the  other  the  spur  (plur.).  The  Par¬ 
tisans  had  crossed  the  Euphrates  under  the  leadership  of 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXERCISES. 


125 


Pachrus,  with  almost  all  their  forces.  Cluentius  had  not  seer 
any  (nihil)  misfortune  in  [his]  life. 

2.  When  ( quum ,  with  Ind. )  we  are  relieved  (privdre)  of 
pain,  we  rejoice  at  the  mere  (ipse)  release  (Uberdtio)  and  free* 
dom  (vacuitas)  from  (  Gen.)  all  annoyance  (molestia).  Jugurtha 
was  vigorous  (validus)  of  intellect  ( ingenium ),  ready  in  action 
(manu  prdmptus)  [and]  eager  (appetens)  for  military  glory. 
Foolish  people  do  not  remember  past  blessings,  do  not  enjoy 
the  present,  only  (modo)  look  forward  to  (exspectare)  the  future. 
I  [am  old  enough  to]  remember*  Cinna,  I  have  seen  Sulla.  In 
the  battle  of  ( apud)  Zama,  the  Roman  was  superior  in  number[s] 
and  in  courage.  Grateful  people  imitate  fruitful  fields,  which 
yield  (efferre)  much  more  than  they  receive  (§  625).  After 
reading  the  letter,  Sextius  hurried  (advoldre)  with  incredible 
speed  to  (ad)  the  city.  If  wild  beasts  love  (diligere)  their 
young  (pullus)  how  indulgent  [==  of  what  indulgence]  should 
(debere)  we  be  toward  our  children.  The  soldier  showed  the 
sword  besmeared  (oblinere)  with  blood,  wrhich  he  had  made 
bloody  (cruentdre)  in  the  battle  by  slaying  (Abl.  Abs.)  many  of 
the  enemy  [=  many  enemies].  The  welfare  of  men  depends 
(nVi)  not  only  on  virtue  but  also  on  reputation  (fdma).  You 
are  abusing  my  patience.  Man  alone  of  (ex)  so  many  kinds  of 
living-beings  (animdns)  has  [=  partakes  of]  reason.  A  strong 
and  elevated  (excelsus)  mind  is  free  from  care  and  distress 
(angor).  After  the  death  of  Theramenes,  Greece  was  filled 
(replere)  with  exiles.  Magistrates  are  necessary,  for  without 
their  [=  without  whose,  §  627]  foresight  and  carefulness  a  state 
cannot  exist  (esse).  The  consul  went  (proficisci)  to  Africa  with 
a  hundred  ships.  Jugurtha  surrounded  (circumveriire)  unex¬ 
pectedly  (de  impromso)  the  camp  of  Aulus  Postumius  with  a 
multitude  of  Numidians  (Afumidae). 

3.  The  Romans  made  use  of  auspices  (auspicia)  not  only  m 
time  of  peace  but  also  in  time  of  war.  As  [it  was]  now  the 
tenth  day  [that]  I  had  been  suffering  ( Impf. )  in  my  bowels 
(ex  intestinis  labdrdre ),  I  ran  into  the  country.  There  is  noth 

•  In  this  sense,  meminl  take?  accusative. 


126 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXERCISES. 


mg  more  useful  for  the  body  ( plur .)  than  salt  and  sun.  Th« 
more  violence  (vires)  storms  ( procellae )  have,  the  less  [their] 
duration  (tempus).  The  soldiers  occupied  ( capere )  a  somewhat 
higher  ( editus )  point  [—  place].  Lucius  Sextius  was  the  fiist 
of  ( de )  the  commonalty  (pUbs)  to  be  made  consul  388  years 
after  the  building  of  the  city,  366  before  the  birth  of  Christ. 
The  old  man  had  [=  was  of  ]  a  very  large  body  and  terrible 
countenance  (facies)  [terrible]  because  (quod)  he  was  black  and 
had  long  hair  (capillus)  and  a  flowing  (pr  omissus)  beam’d.  The 
highest  hope  of  his  [fellow]  citizens  he  surpassed  by  incredible 
bravery.  The  Numidians  live  chiefly  (• plerumque )  on  milk  and 
game  (caro  ferina).  The  boy  for  the  last  (hie)  six  months  has 
not  deserved  (dignum  esse)  even  (ne — quidem)  the  slightest 
blame  (reprehensio).  We  need  the  eyes  for  seeing  (cernere).  For 
the  common  welfare  of  the  citizens  good  laws  are  necessary. 
Crassus  returned  home  with  a  fever.  I  am  pained  (dolere)  at  his 
undeserved  ( injustus ,  superl.)  misfortune  (calamitas).  Neither 
[=  not]  in  courage  nor  [=  not]  in  arms,  not  in  military  art 
nor  strength  (pi.)  of  body  was  the  Tarentine  a  match  (par) 
for  the  Roman.  The  father  was  fifty  years  older  than  the  sons. 
Aulis  is  separated  (distdre)  from  Chalcis  ( Gen.  idis)  by  a  space 
of  3,000  paces  (passus).  One  consul  fought  on  (ad)  the  river 
Tlclnus,  both  together  (arnbo)  somewhat  later  on  the  Trebia. 

4.  He  went  from  the  town  of  Fregellae  to  the  city  of  Rome. 
Expelled  from  the  obscure  (ignbbilis)  island  of  Myconos,  he 
took  refuge  (confugere)  in  the  celebrated  city  of  Corinth. 
Crispus  halted  (consistere)  at  Praeneste,  a  charming  (amoenus) 
town.  How  far  is  (distdre)  Rome  from  Bajae  ?  The  general 
led  his  troops  in  three  days  (triduum)  from  Naples  to  Rome. 
The  thief  took  away  a  golden  image  from  the  temple  of  Diana 
at  Ephesus,  I  sent  the  message  to  my  uncle  at  Rome.  She 
lived  twelve  years  at  Paris  (Lutetia)  in  a  refined  (purui 
et  castus)  household. 


INTERROGATIVE  sentences. 


127 


Fourth  Course. 

SYNTAX  OF  THE  VERB. 

Compound  Sentence. 

LXXV.  Interrogative  Sentences. 

Q.  451  foil;  A.  71;  A.  &  S.  198,  11,  265;  B.  1040,  1182,  1101  •  H.  346 

486,  525  foil. 

193.  Have  you  seen  the  sunset  at  Naples  (JSTedpolis)  ?  Have 
you  ever  been  at  Athens?  Do  not  men  often  despise  the 
better  ?  Did  Hannibal  carry  on  war  against  Rome  from  hate  ? 
Was  his  hatred  unjust  ?  Is  the  science  of  war  nothing  because 
a  great  (summits)  general  sometimes  runs  ( fugere )  ?  All  wicked 
( improbus )  men  are  slaves.  Or  is  he  free  who  is  a  slave  to  [his] 
lust  ?  You  remember  those  magnificent  temples  which  you 
saw  in  Italy.  Or  perhaps  you  are  too  young  to  remember 
them.  Are  you  still  ( etiam  nunc)  hesitating  ?  Or  do  you  not 
know  the  law  of  Solon,  who  laid  the  death  penalty  on  any  one 
who  (capite  sanclre  si  quis)  in  time  of  (§  393)  civil  faction 
(seditio)  did  not  belong  to  (Plpf.  Subj .,  §365,  R.  1)  one  party  or 
the  other  (alter uter)  ? 

194.  Have  your  forces  been  diminished  (imminuere),  or  theirs 
increased  ?  Is  the  world  governed  by  the  providence  of  God 
or  by  chance  ?  Is  the  cup  gold  or  silver  ?  Does  wisdom  alone 
make  (efficere)  us  happy  or  not  ? 

195.  He  asked  the  boy  whether  he  wanted  to  go  back  to  his 
father.  I  want  ( velim ,  §  250)  you  to  write  me  under  what 
consuls  Clodius  was  tribune  of  the  Commons.  When  I  get  to 
Rome  and  find  out  (intelligo)  what  the  business  is,  I  will  write 
to  you  at  what  time  I  shall  return.  I  should  like  you  to  be 


128 


INTERROGATIVE  SENTENCES. 


with  me  when  Lewis  ( Ludovicus )  comes  (Fut.).  It  is  of  great 
importance  to  me  that  we  should  be  together  then.  You  will 
know  when  it  will  be  [=  when  that  day  will  be],  if  you  will 
(§  236)  instruct  ( negotium  dare  ut)  your  servant  to  inquire. 
You  will  perceive  (intellego)  whether  they  [real.y]  think  so  (id 
s entire ),  or  [only]  make  believe  ( simuldre ). 

m 

LXXVI.  Interrogative  Sentences. 

196.  What  difference  does  it  make  whether  I  come  now  or  ten 
years  hence  (ad  decern  dnnos)  ?  Let  me  know  whether  yor 
will  be  long  at  your  country-seat  (villa)  or  not.  If  anybody 
asks  why  I  am  not  at  home,  answer :  “  It  is  none  of  your  busi¬ 
ness.”  I  ask,  whether  it  was  none  of  my  business  how  my 
friend  was  [ quid  agisf  =  how  are  you  ?].  Write  me  whether 
Clodia  was  alive  or  not  when  her  son  died. 

197.  Urged  (adducti)  by  famine  and  want,  the  soldiers  went 
secretly  out  of  camp  to  try  if  they  could  find  anything  to  eat 
(§  634)  in  the  fields.  The  general  began  to  reconnoitre  (circum- 
spectdre)  in  case  he  could  attack  (adoriri)  the  enemy  in  the  rear. 
An  effort  was  made  (res  temptata  est)  in  the  hope  that  the  bro 
ther  of  the  accused  (reus)  might  be  permitted  (licere)  to  con 
sole  him,  [as  he  was]  dying.  I  opened  (solvere)  the  package 
(fasciculus)  to  see  if  there  was  a  letter  to  me  in  [it], 

198.  I  am  half-inclined  to  think  it  is  better  to  travel  abroad 
(peregrinari)  than  to  sit  [still]  at  home.  I  have  sent  you  a 
copy  (exemplum)  of  my  letter  to  Gajus,  because  I  am  half- 
inclined  to  think  that  it  would  have  been  better  not  to  have 
written  it.  I  doubt  but  he  will  turn  [his]  wife  out  of  doors 
(fords  Sjicere).  I  do  not  doubt  that  he  will  turn  [his]  wife  out 
of  doors.  He  will  not  hesitate  to  turn  his  wife  out  of  doors 
(§  551,  R.  3).  I  am  disposed  to  think  he  will  not  turn  his 
wife  out  of  doors.  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  Hannibal  was 
more  wonderful  (mirdbilis)  in  adversity  than  in  prosperity 
(adversae,  secundae  res).  It  may  be  (forsitan)  that  I  did  not 
(paruni)  understand  you. 


INTEKEOGATIVE  SENTENCES. 


129 


LXXVII.  Interrogative  Sentences. 

199.  What  was  I  to  answer?  Was  I  to  kill  the  impudent 
varlet  {homo)  ?  Whither  am  1  to  betake  myself  ( se  cdnjerre)  ? 
They  did  not  know  what  to  seek  or  what  to  avoid.  They  took 
counsel  {consultare)  in  what  way  the  enemy  was  to  be  met 
(obviam  ire ,  208). 

200.  Somehow  or  other  the  remedy  (medicina)  is  worse  {gravis) 
than  the  disease.  Archimedes  was  killed  by  some  soldier  or 
other,  who-did-not-know  ( ignarus )  who  he  was.  It  is  extraor¬ 
dinary  what  an  amount  of  labor  men  spend  on  {ponere  in) 
trifles  {res  levissimae). 

201.  You  know  what  a  troublesome  {molestus)  creature  Petei 
{Petrus)  is.  What  madness  has  seized  him  that  he  [=  by  what 
madness  seized, captus]  comes  to  my  house  daily?  Whither  was 
he  going  that  you  asked  him  so  angrily  whether  his  mother 
knew  that  he  was  out  {fords  exisse)  ?  With  what  genius  are 
you  endowed  that  you  hope  to  obtain  the  highest  honors  in  the 
state  ?  Do  not  keep  back  {silere)  what  you  have  come  to  ask 
[=  asking].  I  am  going  to  bed.  To  do  what  {quid  ut)  ?  I 
crossed  the  ocean.  To  see  what  ?  He  came  early  in  the  morn¬ 
ing  {mane).  What  was  to  be  done? 

LXXVIII.  Non  dubito  quin. 

G.  551 ;  A.  65,  l,b ;  A.  &  S.  262,  R.  7 ;  B.  1232 ;  H.  498. 

(Sequence  of  Tenses:  G.  510  foil.;  A.  58,  10;  A.  &  S.  258;  B.  1164; 

H.  480.) 

202.  I  do  not  doubt  that  a  ruinous  {exitidsus)  war  is  impend* 
ing.  I  do  not  doubt  that  Caesar  has  arrived  at  Brundusium. 
I  do  not  doubt  that  if  anything  of  the  sort  ( ejusmodi )  hap¬ 
pens,  you  will  hurry  {advolare)  to  me.  I  do  not  doubt  that  if 
the  king  had  found  out  the  approach  of  the  enemy,  he  would 
have  crossed  the  river. 

I  did  not  doubt  that  we  could  not  accomplish  the  journey. 
We  did  not  doubt  that  the  house  had  been  adjudged  ( adjiidicdre ) 


13C 


VERBS  OF  EMOTION. 


to  us.  It  was  not  doubtful  that  if  he  walked  briskly  (recte)  h« 
would  arrive  before  day  ( Mx ).  There  was  no  doubt  that  if  he 
had  written  the  letter,  I  should  have  been  relieved  of  very 
great  annoyance  ( molestia ). 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  conservatives  (bom)  would  have 
conquered,  if  Caesar  had  been  their  leader.  There  is  no  doubt 
that  they  will  make  (efficere)  him  dictator. 

I  did  not  doubt  that  my  brother  and  myself  ought  to  make 
our  way  ( se  cdnferre )  to  Brundusium.* 

I  did  not  doubt  that  he  would  have  come  to  his  senses  (resir 
piscere)  f  if  he  had  followed  (uti)  your  advice. 

LXXIX.  Verbs  of  Emotion. 

G.  533  ;  A.  70,  5,  b;  A.  &  S.  273,  5  (3) ;  B.  1154;  H.  552,  DL 

203.  I  am  glad  that  you  have  got  well  (convaUsco).  I  thank 
you  (gratias  ago)  for  having  come  to  my  assistance.  Are  you 
sorry  or  glad  that  your  mother-in-law  (soci'us)  has  hanged  her¬ 
self  (suspendio  vltarn  firiire)  ?  I  am  astonished  at  your  not 
having  been  beaten  (vapulare)  by  your  own  servants.  He  was 
indignant  (indigne  ferre)  at  being  envied  by  his  own  brothers. 

G.  542  ;  A.  70,  5,  b;  A.  &  S.  273,  5  ;  B.  1258 ;  H.  520. 

204.  We  regret  that  we  do  not  know  when  we  shall  see  you. 
Aristides  is  praised  for  his  justice  and  integrity;  Alcibiades  is 
blamed  for  having  from  lust  (cupiditas)  of  vengeance  (ulcisci) 
betrayed  his  country  to  the  Lacedaemonians.  Valerius  used 
to  praise  the  [good]  fortune  of  Brutus  in  having  found  his 
death  (mortem  occumbere)  [while]  fighting  for  his  country. 
The  legions  thanked  the  general  for  having  given  so-good 
(superl. )  an  opinion  (judicium  facere)  of  them.  The  generals 
of  the  king  of  Persia  sent  ambassadors  to  Athens  to  complain 
(queri)  that  Chabrias  was  waging  war  on  the  king  of  Persia  in 
conjunction  with  the  Egyptians.  Are  you  sorry  that  I  have 

*  The  subjunctive  after  quIn  may  be  an  original  subjunctive.  Non  dubito  quin  statim 
veniam,  Cic.,  I  do  not  doubt  that  1  ought  to  come  at  once.  Mihi  vide  bare  non  dubitare 
quin  cSderem,  Cic.,  It  seemed  to  me  that  you  did  not  doubt  that  I oug\t  to  withdraio. 
t  In  the  absence  of  periphrastic  tenses  use  the  forms  of  posse. 


SENTENCES  OF  DESIGN. 


131 


brought  the  army  across  ( trdduco )  safe  ?  [Negative  idea .  What 
mood?  comp.  540,  R.  1).  Xerxes  thanked  Demaratis  for 
having  been  the  only  one  to  tell  him  the  truth. 

G.  534,  560  ;  A.  57,  8,  g ;  70,  4,  c ;  A.  &  S.  270,  R.  2  ;  B.  1159  ;  H.  553,  III. 

205.  1  whom  some  consider  the  father  of  my  country,  [I]  bring 
hordes  of  outlandish-foreigners  [barbari)  to  devastate  Italy! 
|  To  think]  that  he  should  have  entertained  ( cogitdre )  such 
cruel  [projects]  !  The  idea  of  your  having  done  anything 
that  would  benefit  ( prodesse )  the  human  race  !  That  he,  who 
[though]  victorious  at  [ad)  Cannae  had  not  dared  [Subj.)  to 
go  toward  Rome,  should,  after  being  repulsed  from  Capua,  have 
conceived  the  hope  of  possessing  himself  of  the  city ! 

I iXXX.  Sentences  of  Design. 

G.  543  foil. ;  A.  64 ;  A.  &  S.  262  ;  B.  1025 ;  H.  497. 

206.  Before  old  age,  let  us  see  to  it  [curare)  that  we  live  well, 
in  old  age  that  we  die  well.  I  have  toiled  [laborare)  to  get 
the  prisoners  spared  [=  that  the  prisoners  might  be  spared, 
§  208].  The  father  begged  [rogare)  each  individual  [ unusquis - 
que)  senator  [Gen.pl.)  with  tears  [part.)  to  spare  his  son; 
afterwards  he  begged  and  besought  the  opposite  party  [adver- 
sdril)  not  to  attack  [oppugnare)  his  son.  Beware  [cavere)  of 
considering  [habere)  the  unknown  as  [pro)  well  known.  There 
are  letters  extant  [exstdre)  from  Philip  to  [ad)  Alexander,  in 
which  he  advises  [praecipere)  that  he  win  [allicere)  the  hearts 
[animus)  of  the  masses  to  love  him  [ad  benevolentiam)  by  kind 
[benignus)  language  [ordtio).  Alexander  made  an  edict  [edir 
cere)  that  no  one  should  paint  him  except  [praeter)  Apelles. 
Metellus  persuaded  the  ambassadors  of  Jugurtha  to  deliver 
( trddere )  to  him  the  king  alive  or  (aut — aut)  dead  [necdtus). 
The  general  ordered  his  men  to  march  as  much  as  possible  to 
the  left  that  they  might  not  be  seen  from  any  quarter  [necunde). 
Lucullus  says  with  regard  to  his  history  [plur.),  which  he  had 
written  in  Greek,  that  in  order  to  prove  more  readily  that  it 
( iUe )  was  the  work  of  a  Roman  (§365,11.  1)  he  had  inserted 
( tnserere )  certain  solecisms  [soloecismus). 


132 


SENTENCES  OF  DESIGN. 


I  readily  convinced  (§  546,  R.  2)  him  that  I  was  not  free  to 
do  what  he  asked  ( Subj .).  I  am  convinced  that  this  thing  will 
be  rather  ( potius )  to  your  credit  ( laus )  thaD  to  your  discredit 
(vituperdtio).  Pompey  reminded  me  that  I  had  promised  him 
not  to  go  into  the  senate  until  I  had  (Plpf.  Subj.)  finished  the 
business. 

LXXXI.  Sentences  of  Design. 

Sentences  of  Design  take  as  a  rule  only  the  Present  and  Imperfect 

Subjunctive. 

207.  Birds  of  prey  ( rapdx )  are  endowed  ( praeditus )  with  a 
very  keen  ( deer )  vision  (visus)  in  order  that  they  may  be  able 
to  see  [their]  prey  from  a  great  distance  ( e  longinquo).  The 
men  of  Clusium  ( Clusini)  sent  ambassadors  to  Rome  to  beg 
the  senate  for  help.  The  thirty  tyrants  sent  people  (§  623)  tc 
kill  Alcibiades.  Isocrates  used  to  write  speeches  for  others  to 
use  in  court  (in  judicio).  Caesar  had  given  orders  before  thf. 
engagement  for  the  horses  to  be  removed  in  order  that  th8 
hope  of  flight  might  be  taken  away  ( tollo )  thereby.  Tarquinius 
Superbus  chose  (legere)  no  one  senator  [=  into  the  senate],  that 
the  estate  ( ordo )  might  be  the  more  despised  ( contemptus )  by 
reason  of  [its]  meagre-numbers  ( paucitas ). 

No  sensible  man  (nemo  prudens)  punishes  because  a  sin  has 
been  committed  ( peccatm *,  199,  R.  1),  but  to  prevent  its  com¬ 
mission.  The  proconsul  Metellus  avoided  [=  fled]  the  sight 
(< conspectus )  of  Marius,  who  was  his  successor  (in  locum  ali- 
ctijus  succedere)  in  order  not  to  see  a  low-born  fellow  (homo 
ignobilis)  with  the  [consular]  power  and  the  fasces. 

I  omit  to  name  many  [who  are]  worthy  of  praise,  in  order 
that  no  one  may  complain  (queri)  that  he  is  passed  by  (pra& 
terrnitto).  The  conspirators  bound  themselves  by  a  solemn 
oath  (inter  se  sancire)  that  no  one  should  divulge  (ndntiare) 
the  thing.  We  demand  (fldgitdre)  that  you  determine  (sta- 
tuere)  nothing  about  the  accused  (reus)  in  P  is  absence  without 
investigation  of  the  case  (causa  incognita).  A  law  was  passed 
(ferre)  that  no  one  should  be  accused  of  past  offences  (ante 
actae  res)  nor  fined  [therefor]. 


VERBS  OF  HINDERING  AND  FEARING.  133 

The  army  begged  Alexander  with  tears  (§  546>  It.  3)  to  put 
an  end  to  the  war.  Herod  (Her odes')  gives  orders  (imperdre) 
for  the  children  ( parvuli )  to  be  slain.  Let  me  nerish  rathei 
than  be  a  burden  to  you. 

LXXXII.  Verbs  of  Hindering. 

G.  547 ;  A.  50, 3,  e ;  A.  &  S.  262,  R.  9 ;  B.  1231 ;  H.  498. 

^  #  •  #  */■ 

208.  I  will  not  hinder  that  being  done.  I  do  not  deter  you 

from  changing  your  opinion  (sententia).  The  humble  origin 
(i ignobilitas )  of  Marius  and  Cicero  did  not  stand  in  the  way  of 
their  working  up  (enlti)  to  the  consulship  (pi.).  Much  may 
stand  in  the  way  of  the  accomplishment  (verb)  of  your  en¬ 
deavors  (conation.)  It  was  the  fault  of  the  general  (per 
aliquem  stare  quominus)  that  the  blow  (cladte)  received  at 
Cannae  was  not  repaid  (reddo)  to  the  enemy. 

LXXXIII.  Verbs  of  Fearing. 

G.  552 ;  A.  70,  3;  A.  &  S.  262,  R.  7 ;  B.  1215  ;  H.  492,  4. 

209.  I  fear  (vereor)  that  I  am  troublesome  (molestus)  to  you 
I  fear  that  I  have  preached  my  sermons  (praecepta  canere)  t< 
deaf  ears.  I  was  worried  ( ango ,  Impf.)  [for  fearj  that  I  had 
let  something  disgraceful  (dedecus)  come-to-my-charge  ( admit* 
tere ,  Pass,  constr.).  I  fear  he  has  not  received  the  letter.  I  do 
not  fear  that  the  enemy  will  not  be  conquered.*  I  fear  that, 
if  I  give  this  letter  to  him,  he  will  open  it  (solvere.) 

LXXXIV.  Sentences  of  Tendency  and  Result. 

G.  553  foil. ;  A.  65  ;  A.  &  S.  262  ;  R.  3  ;  B.  1218  ,  H.  494. 

Sequence  of  Tenses ,  G.  510  foil. ;  A.  58. 13  ;  A.  &  S.  258 ;  B.  1164;  H.  489. 

/ 

210.  The  severity  (gravitas)  of  the  sickness  makes  us  need 
(egere)  medicine.  [It  is]  by  obedience  (obsequium)  [that]  you 
have  brought  it  about  (efficere)  that  no  one  is  dearer  to  tin 
prince  than  you. 


•  N»— n6h,  more  frequently  after  negative*. 


134 


SENTENCES  OF  TENDENCY  AND  RESULT. 


It  often  happens  that  the  most  perspicacious  man  fails  tc 
notice  ( fallit  me  —  it  escapes  my  notice)  what  lies  ( positum  est) 
before  [his]  eyes.  The  proconsul  took  many  cities  and  plum 
dered  the  temples  of  the  gods ;  and  hence  it  came  about  that 
he  had  a  [super] abundance  of  gold  and  silver.  It  happened 
accidentally  (forte)  that  we  met  (obviam  esse)  the  line  of  march 
(< v.gmen ).  He  ought  to  be  a  greater  friend  to  me  than  to  those 
men,  who  have  always  been  bitter  enemies  to  us  [and  §  639], 
by  whose  artifices  it  has  been  brought  about  that  the  state  is 
(§  512,  R.  2)  in  its  present  (hie)  condition.  If  this  statement 
(entintidtio)  is  not  true,  it  follows  that  it  is  false.  It  is  owing 
to  (fieri  with  Abl.)  your  dilatoriness  (cunctatio)  that  Hannibal 
has  had  (§  221)  Italy  as  a  province  for  more  than  nine  years 
(jam  decimurri  dnnum)  [and]  has  lived  here  longer  than  in 
Carthage. 

Some  animals  as-for-instance  (ut)  the  tiger  (tigris)  and  the 
hyena  (hyaena)  are  so  savage  (ferox)  that  they  cannot  be 
tamed  in  any  way.  The  enemy  rushed  up  (advoldre)  so  quickly 
that  the  people  in  the  fields  were  surprised  (opprimere).  The 
ways  of  living  [=  institutions  of  life]  are  so  (sic)  different 
(distdre)  that  the  Cretans  ( Cretensis)  deem  it  honorable  to  com¬ 
mit  highway-robbery  (latrocindri).  So  much  [and  only  so 
much]  meat  (cibns)  and  drink  (potio)  is  to  be  taken  (adhibere) 
as  to  restore  (Pass.)  the  strength  (vires),  not  overpower 
(opprimere)  [it].  There  arose  (exoriri)  a  violent  storm  (turbida 
tempestds)  [so]  that  we  could  not  leave  (proficiscl)  the  harbor. 

LXXXV.  Sentences  of  Tendency  and  Result. 

211.  It  is  rare  for  a  man  to  respect  (vererl)  his  own  judgment 
mfficiently.  It  is  true  that  Scipio  (2)  surpassed  all-other  (ceteri) 
generals  in  good  luck,  it  is  not  to  be  denied  (infitidri)  that 
Hannibal  excelled  (praestdre)  Scipio  in  skill  (prudentia).  It 
i.8  not  right  that  envy  should  be  an  attendant  (comes)  of  worth. 

Tantum  abest  ut. 

212.  So  far  from  his  changing  my  plan,  I  think  that  he  himself 
ought  to  be  sorry  for  having  given  up  (decedere  de)  his  own 


TEMPORAL  SENTENCES. 


135 

80  far  from  grieving  that  his  mother-in-law  ( socrus )  was  dead, 
he  got  up  ( mstruere )  a  party  ( convivium )  three  days  ( triduum ) 
after  she  was  buried  ( efferre ,  §  566).  So  far  were  the  ancient 
Romans  from  luxury  that  they  used  to  swear  at  the  Megalen- 
sian  games  not  to  take  (uti)  any  wine  except  (nisi)  native 
(patriae). 

Exceptional  Sequence  of  Tenses  in  Sentences  of  Result 

G.  513  A.  58,  10,  <; ;  A  &  S.  258 ;  R.  3  (c) ;  B.  1168  ;  H.  488,  2. 

213.  The  desire  of  driving  the  Romans  from  Sicily  went  so  far 
(< adeo  procedere)  that  even  the  besieged  (§  566)  at  Syracuse 
plucked  up  courage  (animos  tollere).  All  the  roads  were 
blocked  ( praecludere)  by  cavalry  so  that  of  that  great  ( tantus ) 
multitude  scarcely  a  thousand  got  off  (evddo).  The  army  was 
so  (eo  usque)  cut  to  pieces  ( caedere )  that  of  (ex)  eighteen 
thousand  men  not  more  [than  §  311,  R.  4]  two  thousand  es¬ 
caped.  Twenty-five  jurymen  (judex)  were  so  brave  as  to  have 
preferred  to  perish  themselves  rather  than  ruin  the  State.  It 
happened  (evenire)  that  both  consuls  came  to  Praeneste  on  the 
same  day.  So  many  ships  were  collected  that  you  would  have 
thought  (§  252)  that  all  the  forests  of  Italy  had  not  been  suffi¬ 
cient  for  building  so  great  a  fleet.  Such  a  mixed-multitude 
(turba)  of  people  had  filled  all  the  roads  that  you  would  have 
laid  that  Africa  was  suddenly  forsaken  (relinqui). 

LXXXVI.  Temporal  Sentences. 

Antecedent  Action. 

G.  563 ;  A.  62,  2,  a  ;  A.  &  S.  259  ;  R.  1  (d) ;  B.  1237  ;  H.  474. 

214.  After  the  war  was  finished  (cdnficere)  the  consul  returned 
^  to  Rome  and  triumphed.  After  the  soldiers  had  gained  the 

victory,  they  left  the  vanquished  nothing  (nihil  reliqui  facer e). 
L  When  (quum)  Scipio  said  this,  he  suddenly  caught  sight  of 
(cdnspicere)  Lucius  Furius  coming,  and  as-soon-as  (ut)  he  [had] 
•aluted  him,  laid  hold  of  him  ( apprehendere )  in  the  most 
cordial  [=  friendly]  manner,  and  seated  him  (ponere)  on  his 
Bofa  ( lectus ).  As  soon  as  (quum  prlmum)  I  got  to  Rome,  1 


136 


INDEFINITE  FREQUENCY. 


thought  there  was  nothing  I  had  to  do  (§  353)  sooner  than 
(quarn  ut)  congratulate  you  ( alicui  grdtuldri).  Three  days 
after  the  king  came,  he  put  his  forces  in  Mne  (in  aciem  eduoere )t 
but  after  the  battle  ( pugnarl)  began  [his]  line  gave  way 
(inclindri).  After  [he  saw  that]  the  men  were  unwilling  to 
renew  ( redintegrare )  the  fight,  he  withdrew  into  winter-quar¬ 
ters.  After  I  tell  you  what  I  think,  you  ought  to  believe  me. 
After  I  have  thought  out  (excogitare)  a  plan,  you  ought  to  try 
(uti)  [it].  •"  H 

Postquam. 

G.  564-5 ;  A.  64,  2,  a,  R  1 ;  A.  &  S.  259;  R  1,  d ;  B.  1249. 

215.  The  besieged  ( oppidani )  surrendered  (i.e.  themselves)  forty- 
seven  days  after  we  began  to  besiege  them.  Fifty  years  after 
Themistocles  left  Athens  because  (Rel.)  he  could  not  defend 
it,  Pericles  refused  to  do  the  same  thing,  although  he  held  noth¬ 
ing  but  ( praeter )  the  walls.  Cimon  was  recalled  to  his  country 
five  years  after  he  was  banished.  Gnaeus  Scipio  was  killed 
eight  years  after  he  came  to  Spain  [and]  twenty-nine  days 
after  the  death  of  his  brother. 

Iterative  Action . 

G.  568-9  ;  A.  62, 1 ;  A.  &  S.  259,  R  4  (3) ;  H.  475,  3,  486,  5. 

Physicians  employ-remedies-for  (mederi)  even  the  smallest 
part  of  the  body,  if  it  suffers  ( condolere ).  Fortune,  for  the 
most  part  (plerumque),  makes  those  blind  whom  she  embraces, 
As  often  as  (ut)  a  man  (quisque)  killed  an  enemy,  he  wasted 
(terere)  time  by  cutting  off  ( abscidere )  [his]  head.  Women  in 
India,  when  the  husband  of  any  one  ( quis ,  §  302)  dies,  enter 
into  a  contest  (certdmen)  which  one  he  loved  (dlligere)  most. 
The  general  did  not  leave  (egredi)  the  standing  camp  (stativa) 
except  (nisi)  when  want  of  forage  (jidbulum)  forced  him  tc 
change  [his]  position.  The  whole  theatre  (pi.)  cries  out  (ear* 
cldmdre)  if  a  verse  is  one  syllable  (§  400)  too  short  (§  312)  or 
( aut — aut)  too  long.  As  often  as  each  cohorts,  charged  ( pro 


TEMPORAL  SENTENCES. 


13? 


currere).  a  great  number  of  the  enemy  fell.  When  we  see 
swallows,  we  think  ( arbitrari )  that  summer  is  beginning.  The 
further  they  advanced  (proferre)  [their]  camp,  the  fui*  f.e^ 
they  were  from  water.  Whenever  the  enemy  made  an  at*  ack 
( impetum  facere)  on  any  part  [=  on  whatever  ( quicumque ) 
part],  they  forced  our  men  to  give  ground  ( loco  cedere ). 
Voung  ducks  (pulll  andturn)  leave  the  hens,  by  which  they 
have  been  hatched  (excluder e),  as  soon  as  they  see  the  water, 
Whenever  (si  quando)  you  come  to  my  house,  you  will  find  a 
bed  ready. 

LXXXVII.  Temporal  Sentences. 

G.  570  foil. ;  A.  58,  2,  e;  A.  268,  4 ;  B.  1289 ;  H.  521  foil. 

0-)  Contemporaneous  Action. 

217.  While  my  wife  is  getting  ready  (se  compardre ),  a  whole 
hour  passes  (ablre).  While  the  Romans  were  making-prepara¬ 
tions  and  consultations  (consultdre) ,  Saguntum  was  attacked 
(Impf.)  with  might  and  main  (summa  vis).  The  consul  kept 
the  enemy  busy  (tenere)  as  long  as  there  was  any  ( quidquam , 
§  371)  [day]light.  Cato,  as  long  (quoad)  as  he  lived,  increased 
in  reputation  for  virtue  (virtutum  laus).  We  favored  you  so 
long  as  (dum)  we  saw  that  you  were  a  friend  of  virtue  and  ai. 
enemy  of  vice.  Hannibal  went  with  his  army  from  Spain 
(Hispdnia)  to  Italy,  and  defeated  the  Romans  with  small 
forces,  until  at  length  he  was  compelled  to  leave  Italy  with  great 
loss  (detrlmentum).  Metellus  found  in  Rhodes  an  honorable 
retreat  ( perfugium ),  and  gave  himself  up  to  literature  and 
philosophy  until  he  was  recalled  to  [his]  country  by  the  author¬ 
ity  of  the  senate  and  the  order  of  the  people.  I  shall  not  be 
able  to  rest  until  I  ascertain  (rescisco)  how  you  are  (quid 
agisf).  The  Thracians  did  not  move  a  jot  (nihil)  until  the 
Romans  passed  by.  They  will  not  make  an  end  of 'following 
until  they  drive  the  enemy  headlong.  Caesar  determined  to 
tarry  (mordrt)  in  Gaul  until  he  knew  that  the  legions  were 
posted  (collocare)  and  the  winter-quarters  fortified.  Let  [my] 
friends  perish,  so  long  as  [my]  enemies  go  down  (intercidereh 


138 


TEMPORAL  SENTENCES. 


too  [und).  We  are  ready  to  bear  toils  and  burdens  if  we  onlj 
gain  ( adipisci )  the  victory.  It  is  never  base  to  be  overcome 
provided  that  you  do  not  throw  away  ( prdjicere )  your  arras. 

They  rested  the  following  day  to  let  the  prefect  meanwhils 
[=:  while  the  prefect  should]  inspect  the  youth  of  the  city.  1 
told  him  that  you  had  waited  for  his  arrival  as  long  as  [quoad) 
you  could.  I  should  have  preferred  to  have  stayed  ( residere ) 
in  some  town  or  other  until  I  was  sent  for  [aroesso). 

Exspecto. 

218.  He  waited  to  get  the  news  from  ( certiorem  fieri  de)  the 
army.  If  he  is  waiting  until  I  bring  him  the  newspaper 
[acta  diurna),  let  him  begone.  He  thought  that  I  would  wait 
for  the  moon  to  wane  [senescere).  Each  [uterque)  general  was 
waiting  [to  see,  §  462,  2]  whether  the  forces  of  the  enemy  would 
try  (§  515,  R.  2)  to  cross  the  river.  What  are  you  waiting 
for  ?  [=  for  what  to  take  place  [quid  ut)  are  you  waiting?]. 

(2.)  Subsequent  Action. 

Ante  (Prius)  quam. 

G.  576  foil. ;  A.  62,  2,  c;  A.  &  S.  263,  3 ;  B.  1237, 1241 ;  H.  528. 

219.  Before  I  speak  of  the  misfortunes  of  Sicily,  it  seems  to 
me  (§  528)  that  I  ought  to  say  a  few  [words]  about  the  dignity, 
the  antiquity  [vetustds)  [and]  the  value  [utilitas)  of  the  prov¬ 
ince.  The  feelings  [animus)  are  often  engrossed  [occupare)  by 
angry  passion  [iracundia)  before  reason  can  (§  559)  provide 
against  their  being  engrossed  (§  548  ;  §  512,  R.  2).  All  the 
enemy  turned  [their]  backs,  and  did  not  cease  [desistere)  to  run 
until  [=  before]  they  arrived  [pervemre)  at  the  river  Rhine 
Although  [etsi)  I  understand  [teneo)  what  he  is  ready  to  say 
yet  I  will  make  no  counter  remark  [nihil  contra  disputdre ) 
before  he  has  said  [it],  A  careful  physician,  before  attempt¬ 
ing  [condri)  to  apply  a  remedy  [medicinam  adhibere)  to  a  sick 
man,  ought  to  make  himself  acquainted  with  [coijndscere)  his 
disease.  The  Romans  wished  to  protect  the  Saguntines,  but 
Hannibal  took  their  town  before  the  Romans  came  to  their 


TEMPOBAL  SENTENCES. 


189 


help.  It  is  better  to  give  before  you  are  asked.  You  will  be 
conquered  long  ( multo )  before  you  perceive  that  you  are  con¬ 
quered.  Why  should  you  despair  before  you  try  ( temptare )  ? 
The  Achaeans  did  not  dare  to  begin  the  war  before  the  ambas¬ 
sadors  had  returned  from  Rome.  Brutus  requested  me  to  cor 
rect  his  speech  before  publication  (edere). 

LXXXVHI.  Temporal  Sentences. 

Quum. 

O.  580  foil. ;  A.  62 ;  A.  &  S.  263,  5 ;  B.  1237,  1244,  1247,  1250, 1282 ;  fl. 

515, 517,  518,  3. 

220.  He  who  does  not  ward  off  ( defendere )  an  injury  nor  repel 
[it]  ( propulsare )  when  he  can,  acts  ( facit )  unjustly.  When  a 
wise  man  is  (§  234)  derided  by  the  foolish  rabble,  he  will  not  be 
indignant.  Conon  was  general  at  the  end  of  ( extremus )  the 
Peloponnesian  ( Peloponnesiacus )  war,  when  the  forces  of  the 
Athenians  were  vanquished  ( devincere )  by  Lysander  at  Aegos 
potamoi  (Aegos  flumen).  Tarquin  was  making-preparations  to 
surround  the  city  with  a  wall  (§  348),  when  the  Sabine  war 
interrupted  (intervenire  with  Dat.)  the  undertaking.  There 
was  a  time  when  (§  634)  I  too  thought  that  we  should  recover 
(recuperare)  our  liberty.  The  time  will  come  when  you  will 
feel  the-loss-of  (desiderare)  such  brave  allies  (fortitudinem 
socidrum).  I  have  often  heard  my  father  say  that  he  had 
never  been  able  find  a  scholar  that  (qui  quidem)  equalled 
you  in  diligence  [=  your  diligence].  It  is  ten  years  that  I  have 
been  living  (§  221)  in  the  country.  It  is  six  months  since  any 
one  [=  that  (quum)  no  one  has]  set  foot  (pedem  inferre )  in 
this  house  ( aedes ).*  You  have  granted  me  enough  in  granting 
that  disgrace  seems  to  you  a  greater  evil  than  pain. 

221.  A  boy  finding  an  oar  [as  he  was]  walking  on  the  shore, 
became  eager  (concupiscere)  to  build  a  ship.  As  Pyrrhus  was 
besieging  Argos,  he  perished  ( interne )  by  a  blow  with  a  stone 
[=  struck  (icere)  by  a  stone].  When  Perseus  succeeded  hif 

♦  Lapses  of  time  are  treated  as  designations  of  time  in  Acc.  or  Abl.  Multi  Snnl  su» 
quum  (=  multOs  annOs)  in  aere  meO  est—  (It  is)  many  years  (that)  he  has  been  in  my 
debt ,  quum  in  acre  meO  nOn  fuit  =  multls  anuls  non  fuit 


140 


CONDITIONAL  SENTENCES. 


father  on  the  throne  ( patris  imperio  succedere ),  he  stirred  up 
(incitdre)  all  the  tribes  (gens)  of  the  Gauls  against  the  Romans. 

Hoping  that  my  friend  would  return,  I  remained  in  tie  city, 
but  receiving  the  intelligence  (niXntius)  that  he  was  detained 
(retinere)  at  Brundusium  by  sickness,  I  departed.  Zopyrus,  as 
no  one  doubted  (de)  his  fidelity,  was  received  into  the  city  and 
unanimously  (omnium  suffrdgiis )  appointed  leader.  The  state* 
(civitas)  of  Greece  (adj.)  all  lost  the  command  (imperium) 
because  each  one  (singulae)  wanted  to  command.  Man  does 
not  need  the  strength  (vires)  of  the  elephant,  as  he  is  endowed 
with  reason. 

I  do  not  consider  Marcus  Regulus  unfortunate;  for  although 
his  body  was  captured  and  tortured  ( crucidre )  by  the  Punics, 
his  soul  (animus)  could  not  be  captured.  It  seems  to  me  that 
men,  although  they  are  in  many  things  inferior  (humilis)  and 
weaker,  excel  (praestdre)  beasts  in  this  (hac  re)  especially 
(maxime)  that  (quod)  they  have  the  power  of  (posse)  speech 
(Inf.).  He  did  not  seek  (p>etere)  honours,  although  they  were 
open  (patere)  to  him  on  account  of  (propter)  his  position 
(dignitds). 

LXXXIX.  Conditional  Sentences. 

G.  590  foil. ;  A.  59  ;  A.  &  S.  259,  R.  2,  260,  II.  ;  B.  1259  foil. ;  H.  502  foil. 

222.  If  virtues  are  equal  (par)  to  one  another  (§  212),  it  follows 
that  vices  are  also  equal.  If  I  have  said  anything  by  way  of 
jest  (per  jocum ),  do  not  turn  it  into  a  serious  [matter].  If 
what  (illud  quod)  we  wish  happens  (§  234,  R.  1)  we  shall  rejoice, 
if  not  (§  593)  we  shall  bear  [the  result]  with  equanimity.  If 
we  do  not  (236,  R.  2)  lop  off  (resecdre)  the  passions,  in  vain 
shall  we  endeavor  to  live  happily.  Limbs  are  amputated 
(amputare),  if  they  begin  (§  569)  to  be  without  blood. 

223.  If  you  were  to  know  me  [well]  enough,  you  would  not 
think  that  I  could  betray  [my]  country.  What  good  mail 
would  hesitate  to  meet  death  for  [his]  country,  if  he  should 
expect  (§  129)  to  do  her  good  ?  See  in  what  year  Piso  was 
quaestor  or  tribune;  should  neither  hit  (quadr&re),  see  whethei 


CONDITIONAL  SENTENCES. 


141 


he  lived  at  all  ( omnino )  at  the  time  of  that  war.  Would  a 
physician  ( medicus),  when  a  patient  ( aegrotut >•)  had  been  turned 
over*  ( trddere )  to  another  physician,  be  angry  with  the  physi¬ 
cian  who  had  succeeded  him,*  if  he  were  to  change  some 
things  that  he  had  prescribed  ( constituere )  in  his  treatment 
(in  cur  and 6)  ? 

224.  Most  persons  cannot  do  a  thing  because  they  will  not; 
they  could,  if  they  would.  Antigonus  would  have  saved 
(servdre)  Eumenes  [when  he  was]  captured,  if  his  men  had 
allowed  him  to  do  so  ( per  aliquem  licet ),  but  those  who  were 
about  (circa)  [him]  did  not  suffer  it,  because  they  saw  that 
they  would  all  be  of  little  value  by-the-side-of  ( prae )  Eumenes. 
If  I  had  conquered  you,  Scipio,  quoth  Hannibal,  I  should  put 
myself  before  all  other  generals.  Quintus  would  have  stayed 
(esse)  longer  with  me,  if  I  had  been  desirous  of  it  (§  599,  R.  1). 

225.  If  we  had  been  energetic  (impiger)  in  bringing  help  [=  if 
we  had  brought  help  energetically]  to  the  Saguntines,  wre  might 
have  averted  the  whole  war.  The  Gauls  had  nearly  taken  the 
capitol,  had  not  the  geese  by  their  noise  (clangor)  waked  the 
soldiers  out  of  sleep.  If  you  had  not  hastened,  we  should  all 
have  had  to  die.  The  commonwealth  might  be  perpetual,  if 
we  lived  (vivitur)  according  to  (Abl.)  the  constitution  (patria 
instituta).  If  Publius  Sextius,  who  was  left  for  dead  [=  killed], 
had  been  [really]  killed,  would  you  have  (239)  taken  up  arms 
(ad  arma  ire)  ? 

226.  It  is  not  doubtful  that  if  Caesar  had  not  perished  ( exstin - 
gui)  by  an  untimely  (immdturus)  death,  the  condition  of  Rome 
under  the  Empire  would  have  been  far  different  (alius),  Ho 
one  doubted  [=  it  was  doubtful  to  no  one]  that  if  the  general 
had  come  immediately,  he  might  easily  have  crushed  the  con¬ 
spiracy  of  the  soldiers.  Ho  one  doubts  that  if  the  city  had 
been  taken,  the  enemy  would  have  been  conquered.  He  gavo 
so  tardily  that  he  would  have  done  a  greater  favor  (plui 


♦  Perf.  subjunctive. 


142 


CONDITIONAL  SENTENCES. 


I oraestdre),  if  he  had  refused  ( negare )  quickly.  I  do  not  doubt 
that  if  you  had  followed  my  advice,  you  would  not  be  in  such 
poverty. 

If  you  should  be  prevented  by  sickness  from  coming  to  me 
in  the  country  [=  to  the  country],  I  beg  you  to  write  us  soon 
how  you  are  ( quid  agis).  If  Antiochus  had  consented  ( velle ) 
to  follow  (parere)  the  counsels  of  Hannibal,  he  would  have 
fought  for  empire  ( summa  imperii)  nearer  to  the  Tiber  than 
to  Thermopylae.  The  book-keeping  (ratio)  of  benefits  is  sira* 
pie :  so  much  is  spent  (erogdre) ;  if  something  comes  back,  it 
is  a  gain ;  if  it  does  not  come  back,  it  is  not  a  loss.  If  our 
friend  had  followed  (obsequi)  the  directions  of  the  physician, 
he  must  needs  have  died.  Lucius  Sulla  was  lucky,  if  there  can 
be  any  good  luck  (felicitas)  in  crime.  Solon  gave  the  Atheni¬ 
ans  such  excellent  and  such  useful  laws,  that  if  they  had  been 
willing  to  follow  ( uti )  them  always,  they  would  have  had  an 
enduring  ( stabilis )  empire. 

XC.  Conditional  Sentences. 

G.  604  ;  A.  61, 1  ;  A.  &  S.  263,  2  ;  B.  1277 ;  H.  506. 

227.  [Those  things]  which  are  very  (per)  difficult  are  often  to 
be  regarded  just  as  (perinde  ac)  if  they  could  not  be  done. 
Those  who  injure  some  (alii),  in  order  to  be  liberal  toward 
others,  are  guilty-of  [=  in  the]  same  injustice  as  if  they  appro¬ 
priated  other  people’s  property  (aliena  in  suam  rem  convertere). 
He  loves  you  as  if  (tarn — quam)  he  had  lived  with  you.  He 
loved  you  as  if  he  had  lived  with  you.  Soldiers  enjoy  present 
abundance  as  if  they  knew  for  certain  (explordtum  habere)  that 
they  would  never  be  plagued  (urgere,  §  240,  R.)  by  want  again. 
Xerxes  sent  4,000  armed  men  to  Delphi  to  plunder  the  temple 
of  Apollo,  as  if  he  were  carrying  on  war  not  only  with  the 
Greeks  but  with  the  immortal  gods.  I  consider  (existimo)  him 
to  be  the  best  who  forgives  others  (ceterl)  as  if  he  himself 
sinned  daily,  but  who  (§  639)  refrains  from  sin  as  if  he  would 
forgive  none.  My  brother  treats  (tractare)  me  as  if  I  were  a 
fcmg. 


CONCESSIVE  SENTENCES. 


143 


G.  592,  R.  2-4  ;  A.  61, 4 ;  A,  &  8.  261,  R.  6,  277,  R.  16 ;  H.  506. 

228.  History  (historic/,)  at  that  time  was  nothing  except  the 
putting  together  ( cdnfectio )  of  annals.  No  rule  ( imperium ) 
can  be  safe  except  [when  it  is]  fortified  by  good-will.  Of 
Homer,  the  prince  of  poets,  almost  nothing  is  known  except 
what  nobody  would  be  likely  to  believe  [namely]  that  he  was 
born  blind ;  unless  perhaps  we  believe  that  a  blind  man  could 
have  described  ( exponere )  so  many  and  so  various  things  so  truly 
and  so  clearly.  I  have  received  a  silly  ( insulse  scriptum)  note 
(Uterulae)  from  Peter  ( Petrus ),  unless  perhaps  everything  that 
you  do  not  like  (Subj.)  seems  silly.  What  does  it  concern  me 
what  you  think  of  a  book,  which  will  not  (§  515)  be  pub¬ 
lished  ( fords  prodire ,  §  633),  unless  liberty  is  recovered  (re- 
cuperare)  ? 

G.  597,  R4;A.  61,  4  ;  A.  &  8.  259,  R.  4  (3). 

229.  Whether  you  follow  the  Peripatetics  or  the  Stoics,  you 
must  confess  that  there  is  in  virtue  guarantee  ( praesidium ) 
enough  for  a  happy  life.  “We  have  to  do  (res  est ),”  said  he. 
“  with  an  (is)  enemy  that  cannot  bear  either  good  or  bad  for¬ 
tune.  Whether  he  vanquishes  or  is  vanquished  (§  569),  he 
shows  (prae  se  ferre)  the  same  savage-temper  (ferocitds)  !  ’ 
Whether  you  linger  (cunctdri)  or  hasten,  you  will  not  find  him 
at  home. 


XCL  Concessive  Sentences. 

G.  605 ;  A.  61,  2  ;  A.  &  8.  271,  R.  2 ;  B.  1284  ;  H.  514. 

230.  Even  if  there  is  nothing  in  glory  that  it  should  be  sought 
after  [=  has  nothing  in  itself  for  which,  cur,  §  634],  neverthe¬ 
less  it  follows  virtue  like  (tamquam)  [its]  shadow.  Although 
(etsi)  the  ground  (locus)  was  unfavorable  ( iniquus ),  neverthe¬ 
less  Caesar  determined  to  attack  the  enemy.  Even  if  you  had 
taken  away  from  Sulla  nothing  but  (nisi)  [his]  consulship,  you 
ought  (§  246,  R.  1)  to  be  content  with  that.  Who  will  not 
be  shocked  (offendere)  by  such  baseness,  even  if  it  does  not 
[=  should  not  be  likely  to,  §  239]  injure  him  ?  No  one,  no  mat¬ 
ter  how  wealthy  (locuples)  he  may  be,  can  dispense  with  the  aid 


144 


RELATIVE  SENTENCES. 


of  others  ( alienus ).  Although  (licet)  I  have  asked  you  to  come 
to  me,  nevertheless  I  know  that  you  cannot  help  me.  No 
matter  how  much  pleasure  you  may  have  in  (delectdri)  the 
flattery  ( adulatio )  of  courtiers'  ( cndicus ),  they  will,  notwith¬ 
standing,  lay-plots  (insididri)  against  you.  Granted  that  Rome 
was  founded  before  the  time  (pi.)  of  Romulus,  nevertheless 
the  Roman  historians  (sci'tptor  rerum)  begin  with  (a)  him, 
Granted  that  our  soldiers’  courage  do  not  fail  (§  345,  R.  1 J 
them  [=  courage  do  not  fail  our  soldiers],  nevertheless  they 
will  not  be  able  to  resist  the  great  multitude  of  the  enemy. 
The  wicked  do  not  escape  [the  charge  of]  impiety,  although 
(quamvis)  they  may  have  watered  (— cruentare)  altars  with 
much  blood.  [But]  few  are  so  grateful  that  they  think  of 
(cogitare)  what  they  have  received,  even  if  they  do  not  see 
[it].  They  said  that  they  knew  that,  although  ( etsi )  they  had 
deserved  ill  of  the  Roman  people,  they  would  be  in  a  bettei 
condition  (status)  under  the  Romans,  [though]  angry,  than 
they  had  been  under  the  Carthaginians  [as]  friends. 

XCII.  Relative  Sentences. 

G.  612  foil.;  A.  48;  A.  &  S.  206  ;  B.  683,  1192;  H.  445. 

231.  The  deeds  of  Hannibal,  who  is  known  to  have  defeated 
(vincere)  the  Romans  so  often  ( quoties ),  are  admired  by  all  of 
us  (§  368,  R.  2).  The  boy,  while  he  is  [yet]  tender,  must  be 
steeped  (t nficere)  in  (§  387)  those  arts  from  the  absorption 
(combibere)  of  which  [=  which  when  he  shall  have  absorbed] 
he  will  come  better  prepared  for  greater  [things].  Great  is  the 
admiration  felt  for  ( Gen.)  a  man,  who  speaks  eloquently  and 
wisely,  for  those  who  hear  him  think  that  he  is  wiser  than 
everybody  else.  Philosophy  contains  the  doctrine  (disciplina) 
not  only  (et)  of  duty  (officium),  but  also  (et)  that  (§293,R.  3) 
of  living  well,  so  that  he  who  teaches  it  (profiteri)  seems  to 
undertake  a  very  important  part  (partes).  The  ancient  Greeks 
called  fate  a  blind  ruler  of  gods  and  men,  and  thought  that 
even  Jupiter,  the  father  of  gods  and  men,  was  subject  to  its 
sway.  Defeated,  the  Carthaginians  begged  the  Romans  foj 


RELATIVE  SENTENCES. 


145 


peace ;  and  as  Regulus  would  not  grant  it,  except  under  the 
harshest  conditions,  they  begged  the  Lacedaemonians  for  help. 

Let  the  punishment  stop  ( cdnsistere )  at  those  with  whom  the 
fault  originated  ( oriri ).  I  did  not  suppose  that  there  were  any 
(melius)  human-beings  in  whose  eyes  (ubi)  my  life  was  hateful 
(invisus).  He  betook  himself  to  the  Volscians,*with  whom  he 
had  taken  refuge  ( ednfugere )  before. 

Tell  me  what  you  think  about  public  affairs  ( res  pAblica ). 
To  tell  you  what  I  [really]  think,  the  state  is  in  the  hands  of 
(penes)  abandoned  men.  The  soldier  slipped  out  (elabi) 
through  the  pickets  ( per  intervalla  statidnum)  and  told  the 
commander  of  the  enemy  the  facts  of  the  case  [=  what  had 
been  done].  They  recounted  (memorare)  what  dangers  [==  the 
dangers  that]  threatened  (portendi)  their  respective  (suum 
quisque)  cities  by  land  and  sea,  and  begged  the  king  for  rein¬ 
forcements  (auxilia). 

G.  616  foil, ;  A.  48  :  A.  &  S.  206;  B.  683  foil.;  H.  445  foil. 

232.  A  benefit  that  is  bestowed  on  anybody  (quilibet)  is  a 
favor  (grains)  to  nobody.  Everything  ( qulcunque )  we  say 
(login)  cannot  be  reduced  ( revocare )  to  regular  laws  (ars  et 
praeceptal).  Are  you  the  man  that  has  lost  everything  ?  We 
are  the  men  that  have  often  loaded  (cumulare)  you  with  kind¬ 
nesses  (beneficium).  The  Lacedaemonians  slew  King  Agis 
(Acc.  Agin),  a  thing  that  had  never  happened  among  them 
before.  Aratus  of  Sicyon  ( Adj .)  thought — and  this  (Hel.) 
showed  (§  365,  R.  2)  a  wise  man — that  he  ought  to  consult  the 
interest  of  all  his  [fellow]  citizens.  Dionysius  was  brave  and 
skilled  in  war,  and — which  is  not  easily  found  in  a  tyrant — 
neither  a  debauchee  ( luxuridsus )  nor  avaricious.  I  have  taken 
refuge  with  you  (confugere  ad),  to  whom  I  am  compelled — - 
the  most  wretched  thing  in  my  eyes  (Dat.) — to  be  a  burden 
rather  than  a  blessing.  The  city  of  Cadiz  (  Gddes )  was  founded 
by  a  Tyrian  fleet,  which  founded  Utica  also.  All  ( universus ) 
Italy  took  up  (capere)  arms  against  the  Romans,  and  while 
(ut,  ita,  §  484)  their  (Hel.)  fortune  was  horrible  (atrox)  their 
cause  was  just.  Of  the  number  of  those  (is  numerus)  who 

10 


146 


RELATIVE  SENTENCES. 


were  (Perf.)  consuls  during  those  years  many  are  dead.  The  peel 
V  lrgii  (  Vergilius)  wrote  an  epic  poem  ( carmen  epicum ),  which 
is  called  the  Aeneid  ( Aeneis ).  The  Gauls  once  plundered  Del¬ 
phi,  the  famous  (super l.)  oracle  of  Apollo,  which  was  called 
by  the  ancients  the  centre  (umbilicus)  of  the  world  (orbis  tet 
rdrum).  The' Arabians  have  fleet  (veldx)  horses  and  swiflt 
camels,  which  [latter]  they  call  the  ships  of  the  desert  (desertai 
drum).  This  great  wrar  that  had  lasted  so  long  (< diuturnus )> 
by  which  \i.  e.  war]  all  nations  were  oppressed  ( premere ), 
Pompey  brought  to  an  end  (cdnficere)  in  one  year. 

G.  618  foil. ;  A.  48 ;  A.  &  S.  206  ;  B.  683  foil. ;  H.  445  foil. 

233.  Animals  (bestia)  do  not  move  (se  commovere)  from  the 
place  in  which  they  are  born  (§  625).  Apollonius  was  wont  to 
urge  (impellere)  each  man  to  (ad)  the  arts  for  which  he  thought 
him  fit.  He  is  not  to  be  endured  (ferre)  as  an  accuser,  who  is 
himself  caught  (ddprehendere)  in  the  vice,  which  he  blames 
(reprehendere)  in  another.  Coriolanus  fled  to  the  Volscians,  a 
people  that  was  at  that  time  bitterly-hostile  (infestus)  to  the 
name  of  Rome  (adj.).  Such  is  your  shrewdness  (prude?itia)i 
that  you  will  readily  (facile)  understand  why  I  have  not  fol¬ 
lowed  your  advice.  In  the  year  in  which  Tarquin  the  Over¬ 
bearing  was  exiled  from  Rome,  the  Athenians  exiled  Hippias. 
Marius  having  accomplished  the  business  (Abl.  Abs.)  which  he 
had  proposed  to  himself,  returned  to  Cirta.  The  day  I  heard 
that  tyrant  called  (appelldre)  a  renowned  (cldrus)  man,  I  began 
to  distrust.  The  mountain,  which  the  exiles  had  taken  posses¬ 
sion  of  (capere),  was  grassy  (herbidus)  and  well-watered 
(aquosus).  Yerres  sent  to  King  Antiochus  to  ask  for  ( rogdre ) 
the  most  beautiful  vessels  he  had  seen  at  his  palace  (apud  eum), 
Philip  subjugated  (subigere)  the  Aetolians  (Aetbll),  deserted 
[as  they  were]  by  the  Romans,  the  only  help  to  which  they 
trusted.  I  see  that  I  arn  deserted  by  those,  who  ought  to  have 
been  the  last  to  do  so  [=  by  whom  it  was  least  proper,  con- 
venit\.  Being  (quum)  in  the  straits  (angustiae)  in  which  I 
have  shown  him  [to  have  been],  he  resolved  to  resign  his 
office.  At  that  time  they  began  (coeptum  est)  at  Athens  to 


RELATIVE  SENTENCES. 


147 


choose  the  archons  ( archontas ,  ace.  pi.)  for  ten  years,  a  custom 
which  remained  seventy  years. 

G.  625,  629  ;  A.  62, 1  ;  A.  &  S.  264, 12,  280,  III.  (1),  264,  3;  B.  1252  ; 

H.  486,  5. 

234.  Whichever  way  ( qudcunque )  we  turn  ( se  commovere 
Perf ),  we  stumble  against  ( offendere  in)  simpletons  ( stultus ) 
or  scoundrels  ( improbus ).  However  ( utut )  things  turn  out 
(esse),  remember  to  urge  as  an  excuse  (excusdre)  my  ill  health 
(valetudo).  No  matter  who  it  is  ( qulcunque )  that  reaches  a 
high-position  ( fastigium ),  [he]  will  become  dizzy  (vertlgiru 
corripi).  We  never  return  to  our  parents  what  we  receive  from 
them,  nor  will  our  children  return  to  us  what  they  receive  from 
us.  The  maiden  was  of  such  extraordinary  beauty  (adeo 
eximia  forma)  that  in  whatever  direction  (qudcunque)  she 
walked  ( incedere ,  Impf ),  she  attracted  (converter e)  every¬ 
body’s  eyes. 

235.  The  last  baffle  of  the  war  will  never  be  effaced  from 
(oblitterdre  in)  my  mind,  for  I  lost  both  [my]  father  and  [my] 
uncle  in  it.  The  wall  was  torn  down  ( dlruere ),  for  it  separated 
(dirimere)  the  city  from  the  citadel.  You  are  all  of  less  value 
(pretium)  than  Albius  and  Atrius,  for  you  have  subjected 
(subjicere)  yourselves  to  them.  The  senate  held  a  consultation 
(consultdre)  about  receiving  Cybele,  for  a  recent  message  had 
come  that  she  was  at  Tarracina. 

236.  Sestius  was  expected  day  before  yesterday  (nudiustertius), 
but  he  has  not  come  (304),  so  far  as  I  know.  None  of  the 
poets,  so  far  as  I  have  read  them,  has  ever  equalled  the  silliness 
of  Maevius.  My  competitors  (competitor) — so  far  as  they  seem 
to  be  fixed  (certus) — are  Galba  and  Antonius.  All  my  sister’s 
children  that  I  have  seen  have  grey  (caesius)  eyes.  All  the 
provinces,  so  far  indeed  (quidem)  as  they  belong  (esse)  to  the 
mainland,  have  been  occupied  by  the  enemy. 

G.  630-31 ;  A.  66, 2  ;  67,  1,  b;  A.  &  S.  266  ;  B.  1291, 1295, 1219  ;  H.  530. 

237.  All  men  are  persuaded  (persudsum  habere)  that  God  is 
the  master  and  regulator  (moderator)  of  all  things,  and  that 


14.8 


RELATIVE  SENTENCES. 


what  happens,  happens  according  to  his  will.  Ambioiix  ex 
horted  the  Nervii  not  to  let  this  opportunity  slip  (praeter mitten 
—  to  let  slip)  of  taking  vengeance  for  (ulcisci)  the  insults, 
which  they  had  received  from  the  Romans.  Quintilian’s  pre¬ 
cept  is  excellent,  [namely]  that  parents  should  do  nothing 
(§  543,  4)  that  is  unbecoming  ( foedus )  nor  (§  450)  say  [an\ 
thing]  that  is  shameful  to  hear  (§  43T).  I  beg  you  not  to 
spare  expense  ( stimptus )  in  anything  that  is  necessary  for  your 
health.  There  is  nothing  more  disgraceful  than  to  carry  on 
war  with  a  man  (is),  with  whom  ( quicum )  you  have  lived  on 
intimate  terms  (familiar iter).  In  the  [case  of]  paintings,  it 
happens  (usu  venit )  that  those  who-are  unacquainted-with-the- 
art  (imperiti)  relish  (delectari)  and  praise  things  that  are  not  to 
be  praised.  There  is  nothing  that  cannot  be  bought,  if  you  will 
give  as  much  as  the  seller  (vdnditor)  wants.  If  it  were  not  for 
merchants  (§  592,  R.  1),  there  would  be  no  exportation  of  the 
things  (195,  R.  4)  in  which  we  abound  (§  517,  R.  3),  nor  impor¬ 
tation  (invectio)  of  the  things  that  we  need.  This  [is  what]  I 
wonder  at,  that  any  man  (§  304)  should  so  (ita)  desire  ( velle ) 
to  destroy  another,  as  to  scuttle  (perfordre)  even  the  vessel 
in  which  he  himself  is  sailing  (ndvigdre).  He  sent  [word]  to 
the  dictator  that  he  wanted  another  army  to  oppose  (passive)  to 
Hannibal.  “  Since  the  colonies  have  rebelled,”  said  King  George, 
“  let  us  send  commissioners  (legati)  to  rebuke,  not  to  entreat 
them.”  I  have  found  scarcely  any  one  who  did  not  think  that 
what  Caesar  demanded  ought  to  be  granted,  rather  than  have 
a  light  [about  it]  (depugnare).  There  is  no  one  who  has 
equalled  Hannibal  in  hate  [  =  the  hate  of  Hannibal]  of  the 
Romans. 

G.  G32  foil. ;  A.  65,  2  ;  A.  &  S.  2G4,  5  foil. ;  B.  1207  ;  H.  500. 

238.  The  enemy  (pi.)  sent  cavalry  first  to  draw  out  ( elicere ) 
our  men,  and  then  to  surround  and  attack  them.  The  messen¬ 
gers,  who  were  to  bring  the  king  the  tidings  that  his  son  had 
fallen,  were  taken  (ducere)  into  the  royal  palace  to  set  forth 
(exponere)  to  the  king  in  person  (ipse)  what  they  had  seen  and 
b^ard  concerning  the  death  of  his  son.  Tie  Carthaginian* 


RELATIVE  SENTENCES. 


149 


sent  ambassadors  to  Rome  to  congratulate  the  senate  and 
people  of  Rome  with  a  present  of  a  golden  wreath,  which  was 
to  be  deposited  ( ponere )  in  the  sanctuary  ( cella )  of  Jupiter. 
There  are  people  who  forget  favors  ( beneficium )  received,  be¬ 
cause  they  are  ashamed  of  having  received  favors.  The  Mace- 
donians  ( Macedones )  felled  trees  which  were  too  large  foi 
armed  soldiers  possibly  to  carry.  Philistus,  who  imitated 
(Pf.)  Thucy  dides,  deserves  being  counted  among  ( numerdre  in. 
§  384,  R.)  the  great  historians  ( historicl ).  After  almost  the 
whole  -world  ( orbis  terrdrum )  was  brought  into-a  state-of-pacifi- 
cation  ( paedre ),  the  Roman  empire  was  too  great  for  it  to  be 
possible  that  it  should  be  subjugated  by  a  foreign  power.  The 
Roman  race  (ffSns)  is  one  (is)  that  cannot  (nescire)  stay 
(quiescere)  beaten  (vincere). 

How  few  are  those  ( quotusquisque  est)  who  say  that 
pleasure  is  not  (§  446)  a  blessing.  You  will  find  people  who 
think  more  (§  319)  of  their  safety  than  of  the  state.  Miltiades 
was  [a  man]  of  wonderful  affability,  so  that  no  one  was  so 
humble  as  not  to  have  free  access  to  him  (use:  patet  aditus). 
An  old  man  hasn’t  anything  even  to  hope  for  (ne  .  .  .  quidem). 
I  am  not  ignorant  that  there  are  some  who  have  stated  (trddere) 
that  Carthage  was  taken  the  year  before.  I  meet  many  (plu- 
rimi)  people  every  day ;  for  many  are  the  gentlemen  (optimus 
vir)  who  come  here  for  the  sake  of  [their]  health.  I  know  not 
what  to  answer,  except  this  one  thing,  that  I  am  sorry  for 
what  I  have  done  (factum). 

G.  636 ;  A.  65,  2 ;  A.  &  S.  264,  8 ;  B.  1251 ;  H.  517,  516,  II. 

239.  After  the  battle  of  Allia  (AUiensis)  a  great  number  of 
Homans  fled  to  Veji,  where  they  thought  that  they  were  safer 
than  at  Rome.  Against  the  Tarentines,  who  live  (esse)  in 
Lower  Italy,  war  was  declared  by  the  Romans  for  having  done 
wrong  to  (injuria  afficere)  the  ambassadors  of  the  Romans, 
Miserable  old  man  !  not  to  have  perceived  in  so  long  a  life  that 
death  is  to  be  despised.  The  senators  of  Rome,  thinking  that 
they  would  never  be  free  from  machinations  (sine  insidiis  cs,<?<?) 
io  long  as  Hannibal  was  alive  (Abl.  Abs.),  sent  ambassadors  to 


150  OBJECT  AND  CAUSAL  SENTENCES. 

Bithynia  (y)  to  demand  of  Prusias  that  he  should  put  him  to 
death.  The  creditor  turned  ( ejicere )  the  poor-fellow  out  of 
house  [and  home],  although  he  had  not  yet  buried  ( efferre )  his 
father.  Nero,  although  he  was  [a  man]  of  unbounded  de¬ 
bauchery,  was  indisposed  ( languere )  [but]  three  times,  all-told 
( omnind ),  in  (per)  fourteen  years.  Atticus,  wanting  the  com 
munity  set  free,  paid-the-cash  ( numerdre )  out  of  (de)  his  owr 
[purse].  The  rascal !  (homo  nequam )  not  to  have  awaited  (ex* 
spectare )  your  convenience  (commodum). 

I  wrote  in-reply  (rescribo)  that  I  was  worse,  and  that  on  that 
account  I  wanted  her  to  come  to  me  at  once.  Massinissa  com¬ 
plained  that  Scipio  had  not  attacked  Syphax  at  once,  for  he 
knew  to  a  certainty  (certum  habere)  that  he  would  go  over 
( deficere )  to  the  Carthaginians. 

Cato,  who  could  have  held  Sicily  without  any  trouble  (nullb 
negotio ),  and  to  whom,  if  he  had  held  it,  all  the  conservatives 
(bom)  would  have  flocked  (se  cdnferre ),  set  out  from  Syra¬ 
cuse  day  before  yesterday  (nudiustertius).  At  the  first  watch, 
Fabius  gave  a  signal  to  those  who  were  in  the  citadel  (an c)  and 
who  had  the  harbor  in  charge  (custodia  portus). 


XOm.  Oty'ect  and  Oausal  Sentences. 

G.  524  foil. ;  A.  70,  5  ;  A.  &  S.  206  (14) ;  B.  1258 ;  H.  554. 

240.  That  there  is  a  God  we  conclude  (efficere)  from  the  fact 
that  the  belief  in  (opinio)  God  is  innate  in  all.  You  have  done 
me  a  great  (superl. )  favor  (grdtum  facere)  in  writing  me  what 
t  as  happened  in  the  city.  It  was  a  gift  ( munus )  of  fortune 
that  Atticus  was  born  in  the  city,  in  which  was  the  seat  (domir 
cilium)  of  the  empire  of  the  world ;  it  was  a  proof  ( specimen j 
of  his  good  sense  ( prudentia )  that  he  was  dear  to  the  Atheni¬ 
ans  above  all  others  (§  317).  Children  do  well  to  keep  nothing 
secret  from  (celdre)  their  parents.  Nothing  destroyed  the 
maritime  cities  [of]  Carthage  and  Corinth  more  than  that,  in 
[their]  desire  for  trade  and  navigation,  they  had  given  up 
(relinquere)  agriculture  (agrorum  cultus)  and  arms.  The 


OBJECT  AND  CAUSAL  SENTENCES. 


151 


circumstance  that  Isocrates  was  hindered  (§§  547-51)  from 
speaking  in  public  by  the  weakness  ( infirmitas )  of  his  voice 
did  not  prevent  him  from  being  considered  a  distinguished 
orator.  As  for  your  exhorting  me  to  be  hopeful  ( spern  habere) 
of  recovering  my  former  prosperity,  I-would-have-you-to-know 
(scito)  that  the  condition  of  the  state  is  now  such  that  we  must 
fear  that  it  will  soon  succumb  to  the  machinations  ( insidiae ) 
of  the  revolutionists  ( mall ). 

G.  538  foil. ;  A.  63,  1  ;  A.  &  S.  273,  5 ;  B.  1250 ;  H.  520. 

241.  Most  seafarers  ( nauta )  of  antiquity  were  at  first  [=  in  the 
beginning]  pirates  ( pirdta ),  because  piracy  ( pirdtica )  was  not 
regarded  as  a  crime  (§  350).  Seeing  that  ( quoniam )  the  life 
which  we  enjoy  is  short,  we  ought  to  make  our  memory  (§  363) 
as  long  as  possible.  Admirably  (dlvinus,  comp.  §  441  end) 
does  Plato  call  pleasure  a  bait  ( esca )  for  (  Gen.)  the  bad,  because 
by  it  men  are  caught  as  fish  (pi.)  by  the  hook  ( hamus ).  We 
read  that  Mithridates  hated  the  Romans  because  by  their 
arrival  his  power  had  been  diminished.  Suetonius  tells  [usj 
that  Caesar  pulled  down  a  country-house  (villa)  which  had  been 
built  at  great  expense,  because  it  did  not  suit  him  as  well-as-he- 
could-have-desired  (ex  sententid ,  ex  voluntdte).  We  have  been 
warned  (admonere)  to  be  on  our  guard  (cavere)  against  being 
caught  up  (excipere)  by  highwaymen,  because  they  will  get 
(§  515)  to  the  place  which  we  are  making  for  (petere)  sooner 
than  we  can.  Fabius  Maximus  did  not  wish  his  son  to  be  made 
consul,  not  that  he  lacked-confidence-in  (diffidere  with  dat.)  his 
distinguished  virtues,  for  he  was  an  excellent  man — but  in  order 
that  this  high  office  should  not  be  kept  up  (continuare)  in  one 
family.  I  wish  you  would  write  to  me  what  an swer-he-h as- 
given  (respondere)  in  my  case  (de  me),  not  that  his  pi  tnise 
will  do  (§  515)  me  any  good,  but  because  I  shall  be  able  to  say 
that  there  is  nothing  that  I  have  not  tried  (§  634).  The  [de¬ 
cision  of  the]  struggle  (certamen)  was  doubtful  ( anceps ),  rather 
(magis)  because  the  enemy  had  made  a  sudden  charge  than 
because  he  was  a  match  in  strength  (vires).  A  captive  h  iving 
(quum)  gone  from  the  camp  by  permission  (voluntas)  of  Han 


152 


COMPARATIVE  SENTENCES. 


niba  j  returned  soon  afterwards,  because,  as  he  said,  he  had 
forgotten  something.  The  king  would  not  make  peace  because 
he  thought  that  the  Aetolians  would  never  keep  quiet. 

XCIV  Correlative  Sentences. 

G.  645-6 ;  A.  22  ;  A.  &  S.  206,  16 ;  B.  706  foil.  ?  H.  458. 

242,  They  say  that  Plato  had  the  same  view  ( idem  sentlre ,  §  45*. 
ft.  2)  of  the  eternal-existence  ( aeternitds )  of  the  soul  (animvs. 
Pl.)  as  Pythagoras.  As  you  sow  ( sementem  facere ,  §  236),  so 
shall  you  reap  ( metere ).  Marcellus  had  taken  it  into  his  head 
(in  animum  indueere)  that  nobody  was  as  good  a  match  ( tarn 
par)  for  Hannibal  as  himself.  Esteem  other  men  as  highly  as 
you  wish  to  be  esteemed  by  them.  Citizens  are  usually  of  th<? 
same  character  (tails)  as  the  leading-men  in  the  state.  Afte* 
Hannibal  had  fled  from  home,  he  called  his  brother  Mago  to 
him,  and  when  the  Punics  (Poem)  heard  of  it  ( resciscere , 
§  612),  they  visited  (afficere)  Mago  with  the  same  punishment 
as  bis  brother.  Hannibal  had  not  supposed  that  so  many 
nations  in  Italy  would  revolt  (deficere)  as  did  revolt  after  the 
battle  of  Cannae  (Cannensis).  You  have  stained  (aspergere) 
your  character  [  =  yourself]  with  a  great  blot  (lades)  by 
charging  (insimuldre)  that  innocent  old  man  with  crimes  such 
as  no  one  will  ever  believe  him  to  have  committed.  We  have 
an  amount  (tantum)  of  leisure  that  it  has  not  been  our  good 
fortune  to  have  (contingit  alicui)  for  a  long  time. 

The  better  a  man  is,  the  harder  it  is  for  him  to  [=  with  the 
more  difficulty  does  he]  suspect  (suspicdri)  that  others  are  knaves 
(improbus).  The  more  a  man  is  furnished  (ornatus)  with  vir¬ 
tues,  the  more  is  he  to  be  reverenced  ( colere ).  Every  learned 
man  is  [proportionally]  modest.  As  I  live,  what  my  sister  and 
I  have  told  you,  is  true.  As  I  live,  my  brother  and  myself  will 
never  desert  you.  Numa  Pompilius  was  a  man  deeply-learned 
(consultissimus)  for  that  age  in  all  divine  and  human  law.  If 
you  will  write  to  me  how  you  are,  it  will  be  the  greatest  possi¬ 
ble  favor  to  me  (§  645,  ft.  5).  The  Romans  acted  prudently 
|  as  far  as  that  was  possible]  in  so  rash  an  undertaking. 


COMPARATIVE  SENTENCES  WITH  QUAM. 


153 


XCV.  Comparative  Sentences  with  Quam. 

G.  647 ;  A.  54,  5 ;  A.  &  S.  256,  264,  4 ;  B.  897  ;  H.  417,  1,  6,  496,  2. 

243.  The  causes  of  events  excite  ( movere )  me  more  than  the 
events  themselves.  He  said  that  the  causes  of  events  excited 
him  more  than  the  events  themselves.  I  am  desirous  of  hear¬ 
ing  Stephanus,  a  higher  authority  ( locuples  anctor)  than  Casau- 
bon  himself  I  give  myself  up  to  Catullus,  a  poet  of  greater 
elegance  ( vennstus )  than  any  of  [his]  contemporaries  ( aequalis ). 
Have  you  ever  used  a  better  ink  ( atramentum )  than  mine  ? 
No  castle  is  so  lofty  ( excelsus )  that  a  donkey  ( asellus )  laden 
with  gold  cannot  ascend  to  (in)  it.  It  was  evident  that  the 
tumult  was  too  violent  to  be  quieted  (sedare).  There  was  no 
desertion  (trdnsitidnem  facer e),  because  they  had  already  com¬ 
mitted  crimes  too  great  (magna  delinquere)  to  be  possibly  for¬ 
given.  Not  less  than  twenty  thousand  men  were  killed  or 
taken  prisoners.  [He  was]  not  less  than  forty  years  old  [when] 
he  married.  He  advanced  too  incautiously  for  [his]  time  of 
life  ( aetas ),  for  he  was  by  that  time  (jam)  sixty  years  old,  and 
ten  years  older  than  his  colleague.  Agamemnon  slew  [his] 
daughter  Iphigenla,  than  whom  there  never  was  a  lovelier 
maiden  in  all  Greece.  I  have  read  Charles’s  last  novel  ( fabula ), 
than  which  I  can  imagine  (mihi  substituere)  nothing  more 
absurd. 


XCVI.  Oratio  Obliqua. 

Remark. — The  teacher  is  advised  to  make  his  own  exercises  in  Oratio 
Obliqua  from  the  classical  texts.  The  exercises  given  here  are  intended 
only  as  specimens.  They  can -be  multiplied  by  throwing  the  Exercises 
already  given  into  Indirect  Discourse.  This  is  specially  recommended 
for  the  Conditional  Sentence. 

A.  Oratio  Obliqua  into  Oratio  Recta. 

244  (1.)  Leg!  scnptum  :  esse  avem  quae  platalea  nominaretur ; 
earn  sibi  cibum  quaerere  advolantem  ad  eas  aves  quae  se  in 
mare  mergerent ;  quae  quum  emersissent  piscemque  cepissent 
usque  eo  premere  earum  capita  mordicus,  dum  illae  captum 


154 


ORATIO  OBL1QITA. 


amitterent,  in  quod  ipsa  invadit.  Eadem  haec  avis  scrlbitw 
conchls  so  solere  complere  easque  qunm  stomach!  calore  con 
coxerit  evomere  atque  ita  eligere  quae  sunt  (§  630,  R.  2)  escu* 
lenta.  Cic.  Nat.  Deor.,  ii.  124. 

(2.)  Romulus  [raptas  Sabinas]  docebat  patrum  id  superbia 
pactum,  qu!  connubium  finitimls  negassent.  Mas  tamen  in 
matrimonio,  in  societate  fortunarum  omnium  clvitatisque  et  quo 
nihil  clrius  humano  generi  sit,  liberum  fore.  Molllrent  mode 
iras  et  quibus  fors  corpora  dedisset,  darent  animos.  Saepe  ex 
injuria  postmodum  gratiam  ortam,  eoque  melioribus  usuras 
virls  quod  adnlsurus  pro  se  quisque  sit,  ut  parentium  etiam 
patriaeque  expleat  deslderium.  Liv.,  i.  9. 

(3.)  Idoneos  nactus  homines  per  quos  ea,  quae  vellet,  ad 
[Pompejum]  perferrentur,  [Caesar]  petit  quoniam  Pompei 
mandata  ad  se  detulerint  ne  graventur  sua  quoque  ad  eum 
postulata  deferre,  si  (§  462)  parvo  labore  magnas  controversias 
tollere  possint ;  sibi  semper  prlmam  relpllblicae  fuisse  digni¬ 
tatem  vitaque  potiorem.  Doluisse  quod  popull  Romani  bene- 
ficium  sibi  ab  inimlcls  extorqueretur.  Tamen  hanc  jacturam 
honoris  sul  relpUblicae  causa  aequo  animo  tulisse.  [At]  tota 
Italia  delectus  haberl,  retineii  legiones  duo  quae  ab  se  sint 
abdllctae.  Quonam  haec  omnia  nisi  ad  suam  perniciem  perti- 
nere  ?  Caesar,  B.  C.  i.  9. 

(4.)  Concurrebant  legatl  centuriones  tribunlque  mllitum ;  ne 
dubitaret  proelium  committere.  Omnium  esse  mllitum  para- 
tissimos  animos ;  quod  si  inlquitatem  loci  timeret,  datum  Iri 
tamen  aliquo  loco  pugnandl  facultatem,  quod  certe  inde  dece 
dendum  esset  Afranio  nec  sine  aqua  permanere  posset  .  . 

(Caesar  respondit)  . .  .  cur  vulnerarl  pateretur  optime  de  s9 
meritos  milites?  Cur  fortunam  periclitaretur  ? 

Caesar,  B.  C.  i.  V  2. 

(5.)  Loquitur  Afranius :  non  esse  aut  ipsls  aut  mllitibus 
succensendum  quod  fidem  erga  imperatorem  suum  conservare 
voluerint,  sed  satis  jam  fecisse  officio  satisque  supplicil  tulif»se ; 


OBATIO  OKLIQUA. 


155 


itaque  Be  victos  coniiterl ;  orare  atque  obsecrare,  si  qul  locus 
misericordiae  relinquatur,  ne  ad  ultimum  supplicium  progredi 
necesse  habeant.  Ad  ea  Caesar  respondit  .  .  .  provinces  exce- 
derent  exercitumque  dlmitterent ;  si  id  sit  factum  (§  657,  R.) 
se  nociturum  neminL  Caesar,  B.  C.  i.  84,  85. 

(6.)  Ad  ea  addidit  preces  ne  se  innoxiam  invidia  Hieronymi 
conflagrare  sinerent.  Nihil  se  ex  regno  illins  praeter  exsilium 
virl  habere ;  neque  fortunam  suam  eandem  vivo  Hieronymo 
fuisse  quam  sordris  neque  interfecto  eo  causam  eandem  esse. 
Quid  ?  quod,  si  Andranodoro  consilia  processissent,  ilia  cum 
viro  fuerit  regnatura,  sibi  cum  ceteris  serviendum.  Si  quis 
Zolppo  ntintiet  interfectum  Hieronymum  ac  llberatas  Syracusas, 
cul  dubium  esse  quin  extemplo  consc^nsurus  sit  navem  atque 
in  patriam  rediturus  ?  At  enim  perlcull  quidem  nihil  ab  se 
tim.ere :  invlsam  tamen  stirpem  regiam  esse.  Ablegarent  ergo 
procul  ab  Syracusls  et  asportarl  Alexandrlam  juberent.  Turn 
omissls  pro  se  precibus,  puellls  ut  saltern  parcerent  orare  Insti- 
tit  a  qua  aetate  etiam  hostes  Iratos  abstinere ;  ne  tyrannos 
ulciscendo  scelera  ipsl  imitarentur.  Liv.,  xxiv.  26. 

(7.)  Ilium  equitem  ajebant  sex  dierum  spatio  transcurrlsse 
longitudinem  Italiae,  et  eo  die  cum  Hasdrubale  in  Gallia  signls 
collatls  pugnasse,  quo  eum  castra  adversus  sese  in  Apulia 
posita  habere  Hannibal  credidisset.  Nomen  Neronis  satis  fuisse 
ad  continendum  in  castrls  Hannibalem ;  Hasdrubalem  vero 
qua  alia  re  quam  adventu  ejus  obrutum  atque  exstinctum  esse  ? 
itaque  Iret  alter  consul  subllmis  curru  multijugls,  si  vellet, 
equls ;  uno  equo  per  urbem  verum  triumphum  vehl  Neronem- 
que,  etiam  si  pedes  incedat,  vel  parta  eo  bello  vel  spreta  eo 
triurapho  gloria  memorabilem  fore.  Liv.,  xxviii.  9. 

B.  Oratio  Recta  into  Oratio  Obllqua. 

(1.)  Comparate  nunc  cum  illorum  superbia  me  hominem 
novum.  Quae  illl  audlre  et  legere  solent  eorum  partem  vldi# 
alia  egomei  gessl ;  quae  ill!  Uteris,  ea  ego  mllitando  didic? 
Nunc  vos  existumate,  facta  an  dicta  pluris  sint.  Ac  si  jam 


156 


ORATIO  OBLIQUA. 


ex  patribus  Alblnl  et  Bestiae  quaeri  posset,  mene  an  illos  ex  sfl 
gigni  maluerint,  quid  responsuros  creditis,  nisi  sese  llberos  quam 
optumos  voluisse  ? .  .  Plura  dicerem  si  timidls  virtutem  verba 
adderent.  Sail.,  B.  J.  85. 

(2.)  Nollte  pat!  me  nepotem  Massinissae  frdstra  a  vobP 
(auxilium  petere  . . .  Ego  els  finibus  ejectus  sum,  quos  majoribu? 
meis  populus  Romanus  dedit,  unde  pater  et  avus  meus  un& 
vobiscum  expulere  Syphacem  et  Carthaginienses.  Hucine,  Mi- 
cipsa  pater,  beneficia  tua  evasere  ut  quern  tu  parem  cum  llberls 
tuls  regnlque  participem  feclstl  is  potissimum  stirpis  tuae  ex- 
stinctor  sit?  Nunquam  familia  nostra  quieta  erit  ?  Sem- 
perne  in  sanguine,  ferro,  fuga  versabimur  ?  Sail.,  B.  J.  14. 

(3.)  (M.  Petronius  multls  jam  vulneribus  acceptls) :  Quo- 
niam,  inquit,  me  una  vobiscum  servare  non  possum,  vestrae 
quidem  certe  vitae  prospiciam,  quos  cupiditate  gloriae  ad- 
ddctus  in  perlculum  deddxl,  vos  data  facultate  vobls  consulite 
(Conantibus  auxiliarl  suls)  Frustra,  inquit,  meae  vitae  sub¬ 
venire  cSnaminl  quern  jam  sanguis  viresque  deficiunt.  Proinde 
ablte  dum  est  facultas  vosque  ad  legionem  recipite. 

Caes.,  B.  G.  vii.  51 

XCVII.  Oratio  Obllqua. 

G.  651  foil. ;  A.  67 ;  A.  &  S.  266,  2  ;  B.  1295 ;  H.  528. 

245.  The  senate  said  that  they  did  not  see  any  reason  at  all 
why  [nihil  cur)  the  welfare-of-the-state  should  be  intrusted  to 
soldiers,  who  had  deserted  their  comrades  (commilitones)  in 
battle.  The  Roman  general  said  that  Hannibal  had  not 
attacked  his  camp  because  he  was  lying-torpid  ( torpere )  owing 
to  an  error,  which  would  not  last  long  ( diuturnum  esse).  Mago 
was  afraid  that  the  Ligurians  ( Jigures )  themselves,  perceiving 
that  the  Punics  were  evacuating  ( relinquere ,  Pass .  construction) 
Italy,  would  go  over  (clejicere)  to  those,  in  whose  power  they 
soon  (mox)  would  be.  Hieronymus  asked  the  Roman  arubas- 
sadors  sneeringly  ( per  jocum)  what  luck  ( fortuna )  they  had 
had  (esse)  at  Cannae;  for  [what]  the  ambassadors  of  Ha.unibu 


ORATIO  OBLIQUA. 


157 


told  [him  was]  scarcely  credible;  lie  (§  529,  R.  3)  wished  to 
know  what  was  the  truth  in  order  to  determine  which  (§  315) 
side  ( partes )  to  take  (sequi). 

Amyntas  informed  the  soldiers  that  the  commandant  ( prae¬ 
tor )  of  Egypt  had  fallen  in  battle,  that  the  Persian  array  was 
both  without  a  leader  and  weak  ( invalidns ),  that  the  Egyptians, 
always  hostile  to  their  commandants,  would  regard  ( aestimdre ) 
them  [=  Amyntas  and  his  men]  as  allies.  Compelled  by 
necessity  they  cried  out  that  he  might  lead  them  whithersoever 
he  thought  good  ( videtur ). 

The  consul  made  ( liabere )  a  speech  [in  which  he  said]  that 
people  were  mistaken  if  they  thought  that  the  senate  had  still 
( etiamtum ,  §  663,  R.  3)  any  power  (posse)  in  the  state,  that 
as  for  the  Roman  Knights  (equites  verb )  they  should  pay 
(poenas  dare)  for  the  day  on  which  they  met  armed  on  the 
Capitoline  hill  ( clivus )  [and]  that  the  time  had  come  for  those 
who  had  been  in  fear — he  meant  (dicebat)  forsooth  (videlicet) 
the  conspirators — to  avenge  themselves. 

246.  Caesar  was  confident  that  if  he  seized  (occupdre)  and 
fortified  (communire)  that  mound  (tumulus),  he  would  cut  off 
(inter cludere)  [his]  opponents  (adversdrii)  from  the  town  and 
the  bridge  and  all  the  provisions  (commeatus)  that  they  had 
collected  in  (cdnferre  in)  the  town.  Inflamed  (incensus)  with 
anger  and  excited  (commovere)  by  the  danger,  King  Porsenna 
threatened  Mucius  Scaevola  with  (mindri  alicui  aliquid)  fire 
and  death,  if  he  did  not  speedily  (propere)  disclose  (aperire) 
all  the  conspiracy.  Cicero  said  that  if  Caesar  did  not  kill  any¬ 
body,  and  did  not  take  away  anything  from  anybody,  he  would 
be  liked  (diligere)  most  by  those  who  feared  him  most.  I  told 
him  that  I  could  not  take  the  young  man  to  my  heart  (coni' 
plector ),  unless  I  was  absolutely  certain  (mihi  exploratum  est) 
that  he  was  a  friend  to  the  conservatives  (boni). 

They  said  that,  if  they  had  him  for  consul,  their  fortunes 
would  be  better.  They  said  that  if  they  knew  that  the  Romans 
would  pardon  them,  they  would  not  refuse  to  give  themselves 
op  (in  potestdtem  alicdjus  se  trader e). 


158 


ORATIO  OBLIQUA. 


I  think  that  if  Philip  of  Macedon  had  not  been  instructed 
(§  333,  R.  1)  in  the  military  science  of  the  Greeks,  he  would 
not  have  defeated  the  Greeks  at  Chaeronea.  Yibius  said  that 
those  who  talked  about  peace  and  surrender  ( deditio )  did  not 
remember  what  they  would  have  done,  if  they  had  the  Romans 
in  [their]  power.  Pollio  is  very  much  mistaken  in  thinking 
(existimare)  that  if  Caesar  had  lived  longer,  his  memoirs  ( com 
mentarii)  would  have  been  rewritten  ( rescribo ).  It  seems  that 
if  they  had  abstained  from  bloodshed  (caedes)  they  could  have 
reached  the  royal  pavilion.  I  beg  you  to  remember  that  you 
could  never  have  attained  your  [present]  position  ( dignitas ), 
if  you  had  not  followed  (uti)  my  counsels. 

G.  659  foil.;  A.  67,  2 ;  A.  &  S.  263,  R  5  ;  B.  1303 ;  H.  532,  3. 

247.  They  asked,  if  there  was  war  in  the  province,  why  they 
were  quiet,  if  the  war  was  at  an  end  ( debellatum  est)y  why  they 
were  not  carried  back  to  Italy  ?  He  said  that  he  did  not  doubt 
that  Spain  was  Caesar’s ;  that  Caesar  was  so  enraged  that 
Metellus  came  very  near  being  killed,  if  that  had  been  done, 
there  would  have  been  a  great  massacre  ( caedes ) ;  that  it  was 
not  done,  not  because  Caesar  was  not  naturally  cruel,  but  because 
he  thought  clemency  was  the  popular  [course]  ;  that,  if  he  lost 
the  enthusiastic-support  ( studium )  of  the  people  he  would 
be  cruel,  because  he  would  not  have  anything  to  gain  by  kind¬ 
ness.  They  said  that  if  both  consuls  with  their  armies  were 
before  (ad)  Nola,  they  would  not  for  all  that  (tamen)  be  more 
of  a  match  (magis  pares)  for  Hannibal  than  they  had  been  at 
Cannae  ;  much  less  (nedurn  with  Subj.)  could  one  praetor  with 
a  few  raw  ( panel  et  novi)  soldiers  protect  the  town.  The  Punics 
strove  (niti)  to  take  the  Roman  general  alive,  but  he  attacked 
( invadere )  them  so  fiercely,  that  he  could  not  have  been  spared 
(§208), unless  they  had  been  willing  to  lose  many  more  of  theii 
men.  The  Campanians  sent  envoys  to  Hannibal  to  announce 
(§  632)  that  the  consuls  were  a  day’s  march  off  [and]  that,  if 
he  did  not  hasten  to  their  aid  (propere  subvenire ),  Capua  would 
get  (venire)  into  the  power  of  the  enemy.  They  ordered  him 
to  be  taken  (ducere)  to  prison,  if  he  could  not  give  security 


PARTICIPIAL  SENTENCES. 


159 


(vas,  vaclis).  Syphax  said  that  if  Scipio  did  not  keep  his  army 
away  (abstinere)  from  Africa,  it  would  be  necessary  for  him  to 
fight  ( dimicdre )  for  the  land,  in  which  he  was  born  (gigno) 
The  prisoners  told  the  king  that  he  would  find  out  vhethei 
they  were  brave  or  no,  if  he  were  general  of  the  Athenians 
[and]  Chares  general  of  the  Macedonians 

XUVJLLl.  Participial  Sentences. 

G.  667  foil. ;  A.  72, 1  ;  A.  &  S.  274,  3  ;  B.  1350 ;  H.  577-9. 

248.  When  we  behold  the  heaven  [s],  we  are  certain  that  the 
world  is  the  work  of  God.  As  the  consul  was  hastening  ( fes - 
tinare )  to  Rome  the  enemy  overtook  ( cdnsequl )  his  army 
While  Cinna  was  lording  [it]  in  Italy,  the  greater  part  of  the 
nobility  fled  to  Sulla  in  [=  into]  Achaia.  After  the  consul 
had  got  possession  of  great  booty,  he  returned  to  camp.  After 
Tarquin  had  been  exiled  (pello)  from  Rome,  Brutus  was  chosen 
consul.  Lucius  Cornelius  Scipio  received  the  surname  of 
Asiaticus,  because  he  had  conquered  Asia  after  the  example  of 
[his]  brother,  who  was  called  Africanus  for  having  subjugated 
( domare )  Africa.  Democritus  threw  away  ( prdjicere )  [his] 
wealth  (dlvitiae)  because  he  thought  it  a  burden  to  [=  of]  a 
good  mind.  I  never  drink  unless  I  am  thirsty  ( sitire ) ;  many 
men  drink  without  being  thirsty.  The  Stoics  change  the  words 
without  changing  the  things  [=  although  they  do  not  change]. 
Although  Paullus  Aemilius  dissuaded  [from it]  Terentius  Varro 
attacked  the  Carthaginians.  The  Greeks  of  Europe  surrounded 
with  cities  the  sea-coast  (ora  maritima)  of  Asia,  which  they  had 
taken  in  war.  What  general  [=  who  among  generals]  is  so 
crazy  (vecors)  as  to  think  that  victory  will  perch  on  his  lap 
[=  fly  down,  devolare ,  into  his  (dat.)  bosom]  without  his 
doing  anything  ?  After  taking  Thermopylae,  Xerxes  immedi¬ 
ately  set  out  for  Athens,  and,  as  no  one  defended  it,  he  destroyed 
(vastdre)  it  by  fire  ( incendium ),  after  killing  the  priests  found 
on  the  Acropolis  (arx).  Lucretius  triumphed  over  the  Aequi- 
ans  and  Yolscians  whom  he  had  conquered,  and  as  he  was 
triumphing  [his]  legions  followed  [him].  It  was  announced 


160 


TO. 


to  Q.  Cincinnatus  as  he  was  ploughing  that  he  had  been  made 
dictator.  No  one  observes  the  moon  except  (nisi)  when  it  if 
in  eclipse  (labor are). 


MISCELLANEOUS  EXERCISES. 

XOIX.  To. 

249.  Romulus  marched  out  (egredior)  with  all  [his]  forces,  and 
commanded  a  part  of  the  soldiers  to  lie  in  ambush  (subsidere  in 
insidiis).  It  is  not  right  (fas)  for  you  to  do  that.  It  is -the 
peculiar  mark  (proprium)  of  a  well-constituted  mind  (animus) 
to  rejoice  in  prosperity  (bonae  res )  and  to  grieve  ( dolere )  over 
the  opposite  ( contrdriae ,  i.  e.  res).  Gajus  Duilius  was  the  first 
to  conquer  the  Punics  (Poem)  on  the  sea  (classis).  I  was 
hired  (conduco)  to  cook  [and]  not  to  be  beaten  (vapuldre).  If 
there  had  been  any  one  ( quisquam ,  §  304)  to  dissuade  (revo- 
care)  me  from  so  dastardly  (turpissimus)  a  course  ( ednsilium ), 

1  should  either  have  fallen  (occumbere)  honorably  or  should 
be  living  as  a  conqueror  to-day.  You  will  do  me  a  very 
great  favor  (per gratum  facer e)  to  send  me  the  third  volume 
(tomus)  of  Tennyson’s  poems.  I  am  going  to  take  up  my 
lodgings  (habitdre)  at  my  uncle’s.  To  think  that  you  should 
have  envied  a  man  who  had  loaded  you  with  benefits !  You 
have  done  well  to  hide  your  life  from  the  foolish  rabble. 
There  is  nothing  to  prevent  your  friends  from  coming  to  your 
aid,  unless  perhaps  they  are  afraid  of  an  ambush.  The  Car¬ 
thaginian  senators  said  that  Hannibal  had  not  crossed  the  Alps 
to  wage  war  on  the  Tarentines.  What  (quae)  you  are  doing 
(agitdre)  [so]  inconsiderately  (temere)  is  [merely]  to  (§  429, 
R.  2)  betray  the  Roman  people  [and]  give  (tradere)  the  vic¬ 
tory  to  Hannibal.  It  is  hard  to  tell  which  was  to  blame  (auc- 
torem  esse)  for  overthrowing  the  state.  There  is  no  one — to  my  % 
knowledge — that  would  have  received  (suscipere)  you  more  cor* 
dially.  The  Greek  language  lends-itself-more-readily  (facilem 
esse)  to  the  composition  (dupliedre)  of  words. 


WITHOUT. 


163 


Copiae  flumen  trdnsierunt  < 


*50.  C.  Without. 

I.  After  a  Positive  Sentence. 

a.  The  troops  crossed  the  river  without  making  any  objection 

r  1.  nihil  dubitantes. 

2.  neque  quidquam  dubitaverunt. 

3.  nulla  interpositd  dubitdtione. 

4.  sine  ulld  dubitdtione. 

b.  Divide  your  troops  without  weakening  them. 

Ita  divide  copias  utnon  [ ne )  debilites. 

c.  He  divided  my  troops  without  dividing  his  own. 

Meds  divisit  copias  cum  suds  non  divideret  [ divisisset )  (suis 

non  divisis). 

II.  After  a  Negative  Sentence. 

a.  You  cannot  cross  the  river  without  dividing  your  forces. 

1.  nisi  copias  diviseris. 

2.  nisi  divisis  copiis. 

b.  No  army  can  be  divided  without  being  weakened. 

_  .  _  (l.  quin  (is)  debilitetur. 

Nullus  exercitus  aividi  potest  y ^ 

12 .  ut  non  debilitetur. 


Flumen  transire  non  poter is 


251.  Is  it  true  liberality  to  give*  money  without  depriving  one’s 
self  of  any  comfort  ( commodum )  ?  We  cannot  let  him  go 
without  giving  him  a  reward.  Nature  has  given  us  life  as  a  loan 
( mutuum  dare)  without  fixing  ( dicere )  a  day  [for  repayment]. 
During  the  war  with  Pompey  ( Pompejdnus )  nothing  happened 
without  my  foretelling  it.  Terentius  Varro,  without  waiting  for 
his  colleague’s  aid,  joined  battle.  That  certainly  would  never 
have  occurred  to  me  ( mihi  in  mentem  venire)  without  being 
reminded  [of  it].  The  precepts  of  art  are  of  little  avail  to 
form  an  orator  without  the  assistance  of  [Part.)  nature.  Can 
you  condemn  L.  Cornelius  without  condemning  also  the  act  of 
Gajus  Marius?  He  departed  without  accomplishing  his  mis¬ 
sion.  Show  yourself  worthy  of  being  believed  [fidem  habeo , 
I  believe)  without  swearing.  Gorgias  lived-full  ( conplere )  10 1 
years  without  relaxing  ( cessdre )  in  his  enthusiasm  (studium) 
for  [Gen.)  literature.  Charles  lived  many  years  with  his 

11 


162 


TENSES  IN  LETTEKS. 


mother  and  sister  without  ever  having  had  a  difficulty  ( si/ntil 
tds)  with  them.  That  you  should  have  written  (dare)  so  many 
letters  to  Corinth  without  writing  any  (quam  nullas)  to  me! 
Who  ever  saw  a  man  presented  (Pres.  Inf.)  with  a  wreath 
(corona)  without  a  city  having  been  taken,  or  a  camp  of  the 
enemy  fired  ? 

252.  Sulla  withdrew  (reducere)  his  forces  without  firing  (succet* 
dere)  the  tower.  Can  one-of-the-two  (§  306)  armies  be  sent  to 
Rome  without  raising  the  siege  of  (omittere)  Capua?  Fulvius 
received  (partic.)  the  letter,  and  (§  667,  R.  1),  without  opening 
(resolvere)  it,  laid  it  down.  He  was  three  miles  off  without  any 
of  the  enemy  having  perceived  it  [—  when  not  yet  any  of  the 
enemies  had  perceived].  The  general  thought  that  he  would 
not  be  a  match  for  such  a  mass  of  the  enemy  withput  sending 
for  (accio)  auxiliary  troops.  A  vast  swarm  (vis  ingens)  of 
locusts  (locusta)  filled  (complere)  all  the  country  around  Capua 
without  it  appearing  (constare)  whence  they  came  (advenire). 

CL  Tenses  in  Letters. 

253.  The  Roman  letter-writer  not  unfrequently  puts  himself  in  the  posi¬ 
tion  of  the  receiver,  more  especially  at  the  beginning  and  at  the  end  of 
the  letter,  often  in  the  phrase  “  I  have  nothing  to  write.”  This  permuta¬ 
tion  of  tenses  is  never  kept  up  long,  and  applies  only  to  temporary  situ¬ 
ations,  never  to  general  statements. 

Table  of  Permutations. 


scrlbo, 

I  am  writing, 

becomes 

scrlbebam 

I  write , 

scripsl, 

scripsl, 

I  have  written, 

scripseram, 

I  wrote , 

scripseram, 

or  remains  unchanged. 

scilbam, 

I  shall  write, 

scriptQrus  cram 

adverbial  designations  of  time  remain  unchanged — or 

Hert, 

yesterday, 

becomes 

prldiB, 

hodie, 

to-day , 

qu5  die  has  lltteras  dedl,  dabam. 

eras, 

to-morrow, 

postero  die,  postrldie. 

254.  Although  I  really  (sane)  have  no  news,  yet,  as  I  am  send¬ 
ing  my  servant  back  to  Rome,  I  must  write  ( Ger.)  something 


TENSES  IN  LETTERS. 


163 


to  you.  After  having  been  (quum)  with  Pompey  and  at  his 
bouse,  I  am  setting  out  for  Brundusium.  Ten  days  aftei 
( postquam )  leaving  you  (ah  aliquo  discedere ),  I  scratch  off 
(exardre)  this  note  (hoc  Utteruldrum )  before  day.  I  have 
nothing  to  write  and  sleep  oppresses  (urguere)  me.  I  have 
Written  to  you  what  I  think  is  impending,  and  I  am  now 
awaiting  a  letter  from-you  (tuus). 

I  write  this  letter  at  the  tenth  hour,  immediately  after  (statim 
ut)  reading  your  letter.  I  will  give  it  to  the  postman  ( tabel 
Idrius)  to-morrow.  Your  letter,  and  the  expectation  of  a  letter 
from  you,  are  still  (adhuc)  keeping  ( tenere )  me  at  Thessalonlca. 
It  is  just  (ipse)  thirty  days  to-day  (quum  has  dabarn  litteras) 
that  ( per  quos)  I  have  received  no  [letter]  from  you.  A  spell 
of  sickness  (incommoda  valetudo ),  from  which  I  have  not  yet 
recovered  ( emergo ),  and  (et — et )  waiting  for  (exspectatio)  Pomp- 
tinius,  of  whom  not  even  a  rumor  has  reached-me  (venire)  yet 
(adhuc),  have  been  detaining  me  for  more  than  eleven  days 
[=  are  detaining  me  the  twelfth  day]  in  Brundusium.  We  are 
travelling  (iter  cdnficere )  by  a  hot  (aestudsus)  and  dusty  road 
(via)-  I  wrote  (dare)  yesterday  from  Ephesus  ;  I  write  (dare) 
this  [letter]  from  Tralles.  I  think  that  I  shall  be  in  my  prov¬ 
ince  the  first  of  August  (Sextllis).  We  are  hastening  to  the 
camp,  which  is  two-days’-journey  (bidui)  off.  I  am  desirous 
(cupere)  of  making  out  (facer e)  a  longer  letter,  but  there  is 
nothing  to  write  about,  and  I  cannot  make  fun  (jocdri)  by  rea¬ 
son  of  (prae)  [my]  anxiety  (cura).  I  will  send  postmen  to 
you  to-morrow,  and  I  think  (present)  that  they  will  arrive 
yvenire)  before  our  [friend]  Saufejus.  To-day,  February  the 
2d  [=  February  the  2d,  on  which  day  I  write  (dare)  thm 
letter],  I  am  expecting  the  women  in  [my]  Formian  [villa], 
whither  I  have  returned  from  Capua.  Although  when  you 
read  (subj.)  this  letter  I  think  that  I  shall  (fore  ut)  know  what 
has  been  done  (agere)  at  Brundusium,  nevertheless  I  am  ha> 
rassed  (angor)  by  hourly  (singuldrum  hordrum)  expectation, 
and  am  wondering  that  not  even  a  breath  of  rumor  (nihil  ne — 
quidem ,  §  404)  i  8  been  brought  [to  me].  For  there  is  s 
strange  silence. 


. 

< 


■ 


. 

■ 


.  •  I 

. 

•  • 


« 


, 


VOCABULARY. 


tF"  This  vocabulary  is  intended  to  serve  as  a  supplement  and  not  as  a  substitute 
otherwise  tbe  exercise-book  would  defeat  its  own  ends.  Hence  the  absence  of  infleo 
lions,  prepositions,  numerals,  and  the  omission  of  phrases  and  idiom3  explained  in  th< 


appropriate  sections  of  the  j 

A. 

Abandoned  (=  wretch), 
perditus. 

abstain,  (*•?)  abstinlre. 
abound,  abundare. 
absence,  in  my,  absents  ml. 
absurd,  absurdu s. 
abundance,  dbundantia. 
accept,  accipere. 
acceptable,  gratus. 
accident,  casus. 
accomplish,  cSnflcere ,  per- 
jicere. 

accuse,  accusare,  arguere. 
accuser,  accdsdtor. 
Achaean,  AchaeZ. 
ache,  dolor. 

acknowledge  (=  confess) 
fatlrZ. 
acorn,  glam. 
acquit,  dbsolvere. 
act,  agere,  facere. 
actor,  histrio . 
actually,  rl  vlrd. 
add,  adders ,  adjicere. 
admire,  admlrarZ. 
admirable,  minis ,  mlrdbi- 
lie. 

admit,  conclders. 
admonish,  admonlre ,  mo- 
nlre. 

adorn,  omars. 
adulterer,  adulter. 
advance,  prdgredl ,  prbcl- 
dere. 

advantage,  commodum. 
advice,  comllium. 
advise,  suddlrs. 
affability,  cbmitds. 
affair,  rls ,  negbtium. 
afford,  praeblre. 
afraid,  to  be,  metuere,  ti¬ 
mbre,  verirl. 


afterwards,  post ,  posted , 
posthdc, 

age,  aetds  (time  of  life), 
tempora  (times) 
agreeable ,  gratus ,  jUcundus . 
aid,  auxilium,  ops ,  opera. 
aid,  to,  adjuvare. 
air,  air. 
alive,  vivus. 
all,  omnis. 
alleviate,  levare. 
ally,  socius. 
almost,  prope,ferl. 
alone,  solus. 
already,  jam. 
also,  quoque ,  §  444. 
altar,  ara. 
alter,  mutars. 
always,  semper. 

Amazons,  Amazones. 
ambassador,  legatus ,  drdtor 
ambush,  tnsidiae. 
ancestors,  majorls. 
ancient,  antiquus. 
and,  et ,  -que,  atque,  $  477  foil, 
anger,  Ira;  Iracundla  (an¬ 
gry  temper). 

angry,  Iratus;  to  be  a., 
irascl. 

anguish,  dolor. 
announce,  nuntidre. 
annoyance,  molestia. 
another,  alius ,  alter ,  $  30G. 
answer,  to,  to  make  a.,  re- 
spondlre. 
ant }  formica. 

Antony,  Antbnius. 
any,  ullus  (§  304),  quivis 
(any  you  choose), 
ape,  simia ,  simius. 
appear,  apparlre  ;  (to  seem) 
vidlri. 

appearance,  specils. 


apple,  malum ;  pdmum 
(any  edible  fruit), 
apply  (to  address  one’s  sell 
to),  adire. 

appoint  (create),  dlcere, 

create. 

approach,  (subst.)  aditus. 
approach,  to,  appropinqudre 
accedere,  adventare. 
approve,  probdre ,  appro¬ 
bate. 

Arabians,  Arabls. 
arm,  to,  armdre. 
arm,  bracchium,  manus. 
armor-bearer,  armlger. 
arms,  arma. 
army,  cxercilus. 
arrest,  comprehendere. 
arrival,  adventus. 
arrive,  advenire ,  pervenire 
arrow,  sagitta. 

art,  ars. 

artifice,  ars ,  dolus. 
ashamed,  to  be,  pvdet. 
ashes,  cinis. 

ask,  peter e ,  rogdre  ;  to  in 
quire,  quaero ,  interrogo. 
See  p.  68. 

ass,  asinus. 
assemble,  convenire. 
assist,  adjuvare. 
assistance,  auxilium. 
associate,  socius. 
assume,  sumere. 
assuredly,  certd ,  profecto. 
astonished,  to  be,  mirdri. 
Athenian,  Athlnlensis. 
Athens,  Athlnae. 
attack,  impetus. 
attack,  to,  adoriri. 
attain,  adipiscl ,  assequ\  c6n 
sequi. 

audacity,  auddcia. 


160 


VOCABULARY. 


aunt,  (father’s  siBter)  a- 
mita  ;  (mother’s  sister) 
matertera. 
author,  auctor. 
authority,  auctbritds ;  au¬ 
thorities,  magistrate 
avarice,  avdritia. 
avaricious,  avarus. 
avenge,  ulciscl. 
avoid,  vltdre. 
axe,  securis. 
axis,  axis. 

B. 

Baby,  infdns. 
back,  tergum,  dorsum. 
bad,  malm ;  improbus  (un¬ 
toward,  naughty), 
bag,  plra. 
ball,  pila. 

banish,  ex  urbe ,  ex  clvVldte 
pellere. 

bank  (of  a  river),  ripa. 
banquet,  convivium ,  epulae. 
barber,  tonsor. 
bare,  nudus. 
bark,  to,  latrare. 
bark  (of  a  tree),  cortex 
(outer),  liber  (inner), 
barren,  sterilis. 
base,  turpis. 
bat,  vespertilio. 
bathe,  lavdre. 
battle,  pugna ;  proelium 
(engagement) ;  to  join 
b.,  proelium  committer e. 
be,  esse. 

be  without,  carire. 
beam,  trabs. 
bear,  ferre,  portare. 
bear  (subst.)  ursus ,  ursa. 
beard,  barba. 

beast,  bestia  ;  bllua  (great 
beast). 

beat,  verberdre ,  caedere  ;  to 
be  beaten,  vapulare 
(comic) ;  (to  vanquish) 
vincere. 

beautiful, formdsus 
beauty,  pulchritude. 
become,  to,  fieri. 
become,  to  (=  be  becom¬ 
ing),  dedre. 


bed,  lectrn;  to  go  to  b., 
cubitum  ire. 

bee,  apis. 

befall,  accidere  ;  contingere 
(of  good  luck), 
before,  ante ,  anted ,  antehde. 
beg,  dr  are,  rogare ,  petere. 
beget,  gignere ,  parere. 
beggar,  mendlcus. 
begin,  incipere ;  coepisse , 
intr.  with  inf. 
beginning,  initium. 
behold,  eontempldrl. 
belief,  fides. 
believe,  crldere. 
belly,  venter ,  aims. 
bend  ,flectere. 
beneficent ,  beneficus . 
benefit,  benefleium. 
bereave,  private;  orbdre. 
besiege,  obsidere;  oppu- 
gadre  (assault), 
best,  optimus. 
bestow,  dare,  tribuere,  db- 
ndre. 

betake  one’s  self,  &  c6n- 
ferre. 

betray,  prodere. 
better,  melior. 
beware,  cavere. 
bi 6.,jubere,  imperare. 
big*  magnus ,  grandis. 
bind,  vincire. 
bird,  avis. 
bitch,  canis. 

bitter,  acerbm  (opp.  to 
mitis ),  amdrus  (opp.  to 
dulcis ) ;  bitter  enemy, 
acerbus  inimicus,  inimi- 
cissimm. 
black,  niger. 

blame,  to,  reprehendere ; 
vituperare. 

blame  (fault),  vitium,  culpa. 
bleed,  sanguinem  f  under e. 
blessed,  beatus. 
blessing  (boon),  bonum ;  to 
be  a  blessing  =  to  be  of 
use. 

blind,  (adj.)  caecus. 
blindness,  caecitds. 
blood.  sanguis ;  cruor 
(sued). 


bloom,  to,  fibrire. 
blow,  plaga. 
blows,  verbera. 
boast,  to,  glbridri. 
bold,  audax. 
boldness,  auddeia. 
bone,  os. 
book,  liber. 
booty,  praeda. 
border,  margo ;  (=  txur 
dary)  finis. 
bore,  perforare. 
born,  to  be,  nasdl. 
bosom,  sinus. 
both,  amJbo ,  uterque ,  p.  30. 
bow,  arcus. 
boy,  puer. 

bramble,  sentis ,  veprls. 
branch,  ramus. 
branch-of-learning,  disci 

plina. 

bra ve,fortis. 
bravery,  fortitude. 
bread,  pdnis. 
break  grangers. 
breast,  pectm. 
breath,  spiritm,  anima. 
bribe,  pecUnid  corrumpere. 
brick,  later. 
bridge,  pSns. 
brief,  brevis. 
brilliant,  splendidus. 
brilliancy,  splendor 
brim,  margo. 

brin g,  ferre,  offerre,  appor- 
tdre  (carry) ;  addUcere 
(lead). 

bring  back,  referre,  repor¬ 
ter  e  ;  redUcere  (lead), 
bring  up,  ej ferre ;  Iducare. 
broad,  latus. 
bronze,  aes. 

brook,  brooklet,  rivus,  rl- 

vulus. 

brother,  f rater. 
build,  aedifiedre ;  condere. 
building,  aedificium. 
bull,  taurus. 
bundle ,  fasciculus. 
burden  (subst.),  vnus  ;  (verb 
onerdre;  -som  t,  melestus. 
burn,  to,  Ure^e ;  combUrere 
(alive). 


VOCABULARY. 


16? 


durst,  rumpere. 
burial,  sepultUra. 
bury,  sepellrs. 
bus \,fmtex. 
business,  negbtium. 
but,  sed,  autem,  verum,  at. 
See  §  485  foil. ;  (only), 
tantum ,  tnodo,  solum. 
Butterfly,  papilio. 
buy,  emere. 

C. 

Gage,  cavea. 

call,  to,  vocare;  call  out, 
Svocdre ;  call  together, 
convocdre. 
oamel,  camZlus. 
camp,  castra. 

Campanians,  Campanl. 
can,  possum. 
capable,  )  . 

capacious,  j  caP^- 
captain,  centurio. 
oaptive,  captus ,  capdvut. 
capture,  to,  capers. 
care,  edra,  diligentia. 
care  for,  to,  curare. 
careful,  dlligSns. 
careless,  incautus. 
oarpenter,  faber. 
carry,  ferre,  portdre ;  carry 
off,  rapere  ;  carry  a  town, 
expugnare ;  carry  on, 
gerere. 

Carthage,  Carthago.  Car¬ 
thaginians,  Carthdgini • 
ensls. 

cast,  to,  jaxere. 
castle,  arx ,  casteUum. 
oat  ,fZ%s,fZlis. 
catch,  capers. 

Catiline,  Catillna. 
cattle,  pecus. 
cause,  causa, 
cautious,  cautus. 
cavalry,  equitdtus ,  squitis , 
(adj.)  equestris. 
cave,  spelunca. 
cease,  disirere. 
celebrated,  celeber  (things) ; 
praecldrus. 

certain  (fixed),  certus  ;  (per¬ 
son  undefined)  quldam. 


chain,  catena. 
chance,  casus ;  opportunities, 
occdsio. 

change,  to,  mutare. 
character,  rribrls. 
charge  (=  attack),  impetus. 
Charles,  Carolus. 
charming,  dulcis. 
cheat,  to,  fraudare. 

Child,  children,  Cberl  (in  re¬ 
lation  to  parents)  ;  (of 
age)  infans ,  puer,puella , 
parvuli. 

chokeful,  refertus. 
choose,  lligere  (out  of  a  num¬ 
ber),  dUigere  (for  a  pur¬ 
pose). 

circumstance,  rls. 
citadel,  arx ,  casteUum. 
oitizen,  chvis. 
city,  urbs  (capital) ;  oppi- 
dum  (walled  town);  cl- 
vitas  (community), 
civil,  civUis. 
cleanse,  p&rgare. 
clear,  clarus ;  (it  is)  ednstat. 
clemency,  cllmentia. 
clerk,  schba. 
close,  to,  clauders. 
clothes,  clothing,  vestis,  ves- 
tltus. 

cloud,  nubes. 
coast,  Utus,  ora. 
cock,  gallus. 
cohort,  cohors. 
cold  (adj.),  fngidus. 
cold  (subst.),  coldness,  fri- 
gus. 

colleague,  coltega. 
collect,  colligere. 
come,  venire ;  to  come  up, 
accSders  ;  to  eorue  back, 
redlre;  about,  fieri,  acci- 
dere. 

command,  to,  imperdre. 
command  (eubst.),  imperium 
commit,  committere. 
common,  communis. 
commons,  plebs. 
commonwealth,  rls  pdb- 
lica. 

communicate,  comm&ni- 
cars. 


oompanion,  comes;  (pait 
ner),  socius  ;  (boon  com 
panion),  sodalis. 
company  (partnership),  to 
cietds. 

compassion,  misericordia. 
compel,  cogere. 
complain,  querl. 
complete,  conjlctrs. 
conceal,  cllare. 
conceive,  concipere,  capere. 
concern  (subst.),  cura. 
concern,  to,  curae  esse  ;  in 
terest ,  see  §  177  foil, 
concord,  concordia. 
condemn,  darnnare ,  condem 
nare. 

confess ,fateri,  confltlrl. 
confidence,  flduda. 
confident,  to  be,  confldert 
congratulate,  grdtularl. 
conjunction  (in)  with,  cum 
conquer,  vincere ,  superdrs. 
conqueror,  victor. 
conscience,  conscientia. 
conscious,  conscius. 
consider,  habZre,  ducere. 
conspiracy,  conjurdtio. 
conspirators,  conjurdtl. 
constellation,  sldut. 
constitute,  constituere. 
consulship,  consuldtus. 
consult,  consutere. 
consume,  consumers. 
oontain,  continue. 
contempt,  eontemptus,  us. 
content,  contented,  conten - 
tus.  . 

contest,  certamen. 
convict,  to,  coarguere. 
convince,  persuadire. 
convoke,  convocdre. 
cook,  to,  coquere. 
cook,  a,  coquus. 
cordial,  amicus. 

Corinth,  Corinthus. 
corn,  frumentum. 
corpse,  cadaver. 
correct,  to,  corriger* ,  Mien- 
dare. 

corrupt,  to,  cormmpers. 
corrupt  (adj.),  corruptu*. 
cough,  a,  tussis. 


168 


VOCABULARY. 


Douncil ,  concilium. 
counsel,  concilium. 
count,  to,  runner  are ;  habe¬ 
re,  ducere.  §  350. 
countenance,  wltus,  us. 
country,  terra ;  (native 
land)  patria  ;  (opposed 
to  town,)  riis,  agri  ;  (of  a 
small  territory),  ager. 
countryman,  rusticus. 
courage,  animus,  virtue. 
course,  a,  cursus. 
cover,  to,  tegere ,  openre. 
covet*  cupere. 
covetous,  avdrus. 
coward,  igndvus. 
oowardice,  igndvia. 
craft,  calliditas ,  dolus. 
create-  credre. 
credible,  credibilis. 
credit  (mercantile),  fidbs. 
crime,  scelus. 
crop,  seges. 

cross  (over),  to,  transire. 
cruel,  crudelis. 
crush,  opprimere. 
cry,  to,  clamdrey  exclamare. 
cultivate,  colere. 
cunning  (adj.),  callidus ; 
dolosus  ;  canning  trick, 
dolus. 

cunning  (subst.),  calliditas. 
cup,  pbculum. 

curse,  to,  exsecrari ;  w.  acc. 
custody,  custodia. 
custom,  c6nsuetudo}  mos. 
cut,  to,  secare ,  caedere. 

D. 

Dagger,  pugio ,  sica, 
daily,  quotidie  ;  in  singulos 
dies,  (when  there  is  a 
progressive  change.) 
dance,  to,  saltdre. 
danger,  pericvlum. 
langerous.  periculdsus 
lare,  audeo. 
dark,  obscurus. 
daughter,  filia;  daughter 
in-law,  nurus 

day  (opp.  to  night),  dies ; 

(opp.  to  darkness),  lux. 
lead,  mortuus. 


dear,  cdrus. 

death,  mors ;  to  meet  death, 
mortem  oppelere. 
debauchery,  luxuria. 
deceive,  fallere,  (mislead); 

decipere  (purposely), 
decide,  dlcemere. 
decision,  judicium. 
declare,  decldrare. 
deed,  factum ;  f acinus  (of¬ 
ten  in  a  bad  sense), 
deem,  to,  ducere. 
deep,  alius,  profundus. 
defeat,  to,  vincere. 
defeat,  a,  clddls. 
defend,  defendere. 
degree,  to  such  a,  aded. 
delight,  to,  dele  dare,  juvdre. 
deliver,  tradere ;  reddere 
(what  is  due) ;  liberare 
(free). 

demand,  to,  postulare ,  po- 
scere ,  fidgitare  (passion¬ 
ately). 

deny,  negare ,  recusare. 
depart,  abire,  discedere, 
proficisci. 
deprive,  privare. 
derive,  ducere. 
deserter,  tidnsfuga. 
deserve,  to,  mereri. 
deserving,  dignus. 
desire,  to,  ) 
desirous,  to  be,  J 
optdre,  velle. 
desire,  cupido. 
desirous,  avidus,  cupidvs. 
desist,  desistere ,  dbsistere. 
despair,  to,  desplrare. 
despise,  despicere  (look 
down  on) :  contemnere, 
spernere  (disdain), 
despoil, spoliare,  nudare. 
destroy,  delere,  perdere. 
detain,  retinere. 
determine,  statuere,  cdnsti- 
iuere ,  dlcernere. 
devastate,  vastare. 
dew,  ros. 
dictate,  dictare. 
die,  mori. 

different,  diversus ,  alius. 
difficult,  difflcilis. 


cupere, 


difficulty,  difficultds. 
di  g,fodere. 
dignity,  dignitds. 
diligence,  asslduitds,  seat- 

lit  as. 

diligent,  sMulus,  dUigbi M. 
diminish,  minuet'e. 
dinner,  cena. 

disadvantage,  incommc 
dum,  damnum. 
disagreeable,  ingratus,  in 

jucundus. 

disaster,  calamitds. 
disband,  dimittere. 
discharge  (duty),  fungi 
discord,  discordia. 
discourse,  to,  disserere. 
disease,  morbus. 
disgrace  («ubst.),  dedecus 
disgraceful,  turpis. 
disgust,  to,  piget. 
dismiss,  dimittere. 
dispense,  with,  carlre. 
displease,  displic&re. 
distaff,  colas. 

distinguished,  praestam 
eximius,  praeclarus. 
distribute,  distribuere. 
distrust,  to,  diffidere. 
disturb,  turbare. 
ditch,  fossa. 
divide,  to,  dividers. 
divine  (adj.),  divinus. 
do,  agere,facere. 
doe,  cerva. 
dog,  canis. 

door,  ostium,  janua,  forts. 
doubt-  a,  dubium. 
doubt,  to,  dubitdrc. 
dove,  columba. 
dower,  dbs. 
dragon,  draco. 
draw,  trahere,  ducere ;  draw 
off,  abducere. 

dress  (subtit.),  ornatus ,  ves 

titus. 

drink,  to,  bibere. 

drive  away .pellere.  abigert 

drop,  a,  gutta. 

dry,  siccus,  dridus. 

dry,  to,  torrlre. 

duck,  anas. 

due.  dT'bitus. 


VOCABULARY. 


160 


lust,  pulvis. 
duty,  offlcium ,  mdnus. 
dwell,  habitdre. 

E. 

Each,  quisque.  §  305. 
eager,  deer. 
eagle,  aquila. 
ear,  auris. 

early  (in  the  morning), 
mane. 

earth,  terra ;  orbie  terra- 
rum  (world), 
earthly,  terrestris. 
ease,  Otium ;  at  ease,  OtiO- 
sue,  in  OtiO. 
easy  }fadlis. 
eat,  edere. 
educate,  Iducdre. 
effeminate,  mollis. 
egg,  Ovum. 

Egyptians,  Aegyptil. 
elephant,  elephds ,  elephan - 
tus. 

eloquent,  dloquins,  disertus. 
eloquence,  lloquentia ,  fd- 
cundia. 

embrace,  to,  amplecl t,  com- 
plectl. 

emperor,  imperator. 
empty,  vacuus  ^  inanis ;  to 
be  empty,  vacare. 
end,  finis. 

endeavor,  to,  cOnari,  Initi. 
endowed,  praeditus. 
enemy  (public),  hostis ;  (at 
heart)  inimicus ;  (oppo¬ 
nent)  adversarius. 
energetic,  industrius}  strl- 
nuue. 

energy,  industria. 
engagement,  negOtium ; 

proelium. 
enjoy, /rw?,  dti. 
enmity,  inimidtia. 
enough,  satis. 
enter,  intrare ,  inire. 
entertain  (divert),  delectd- 
re ,  obiectare. 
entrance,  aditus. 
entreat,  obsecrare. 
enumerate,  inumerdrt. 
envoy,  Ugdtus. 


envy,  invidia. 
equal,  pdr. 
equal,  to,  aequdre. 
err,  errdre. 

escape, to,  effugere  ;  Svddere. 
especially,  praedpui ,  im¬ 
primis,  maxims. 
esteem,  to,  hablre ,  facere , 
pendere. 

even  (adj.),  aequus. 
even,  etiam. 
evening,  at,  vespert. 
event  (result),  Sventus  (pi. 

also  a). 
ever,  unquam. 
every,  omnis ,  quisque ; 

every-day,  quotidil. 
evident,  to  be,  apparSret  con- 
stare. 

example,  exemplum. 
excellent,  eximius ,  prae- 
cldrns  ;  optimus. 
excite,  excitdre ,  commovlre 
excitement,  concitatio. 
exertion,  contentio 
exhort,  hortan. 
exile,  an,  exsul ;  exsilium. 
exile,  to,  pellere. 
exiled,  to  be,  exsuldre. 
expect,  exspectare. 
expectation,  exspectatio. 
expense,  sumptus. 
experienced,  perltus ;  ex- 
pertus. 

expiate,  expidre. 
explore,  to,  explbrdre. 
exportation,  exportdre. 
extraordinary,  inusitatus , 
singularis ,  eximius. 
exult,  exsultdre. 
eye,  oculus. 

F. 

Fable,  fdbula. 
face,  f acids ;  ml  tus,  Os 
(countenance,  looks), 
fagot,  fascis. 
fail,  ddjlcere. 
fall,  cader*. 
fallacious  fallax. 
fa  xae,fama. 
famine,  famis. 
famous,  cldrus.  celeber. 


fanner,  agricola. 

fast  (firm),  firmus ;  (swift) 

celer. 

fat,  pingui8. 

father,  pater;  father-  in-law, 

socer. 

fault,  culpa. 

favor,  gratia  ;  a  great  favor, 

grdtissimum. 

fear  (subst.),  metus ,  timer , 
formido. 

fear,  to,  tirrUre,  metuere 
verdri  (respect), 
fearful,  timidw. 
feast,  convivium ,  epulae. 
feather,  penna. 
feed,  to,  (act.)  pascere , 
(neut.)  pasd,  vesd. 
feel,  to,  senfire. 
feeling,  sensus ;  feelings 
animus ,  animi. 
feign,  fingere. 
fell,  to,  caedere. 
fellow,  socius,  home. 
ferocious,  ferox. 
fetters,  compedds. 
fetter,  to,  vindre. 
fever,  febris. 
few,  paud. 
fidelity,  fidls. 
field,  ager. 
fierc  e,  ferox. 

fight,  pugna  ;  proelium  (at 
engagement). 

fight,  to,  pugnare ;  diml- 
care. 

fill,  to,  impllre. 

find,  to,  invenire ,  reperire 
comperire. 

fine  (adj.),  pulcher. 
fine  (subst.),  multa. 

fine,  to,  multare. 
finger,  digitus. 

finish,  to,  perficere,  cdrficere 

fire,  ignis. 

firm,  firmus. 

first,  primus. 

fish,  piscis. 

fit,  aptus)  idOneus. 

flatterer,  assentdtor. 

flattery,  aduldtie. 

flee,  fugere. 

fleece,  vellvs 


170 


VOCABULARY, 


poster i. 


fleet  (subst.),  ddssis. 
fleet  (adj.),  vilSx. 
flesh,  caro. 
flight,  fuga. 
flight,  put  to,  fugdre. 
flock,  a,  grex. 
flourish,  Jldrire. 
flower,  fids. 
fly,  a,  musca. 

fly,  to,  volare  ;  to  fly  away, 
dvolare. 
foliage,  frbns. 
follow,  sequor. 
following-gene- ) 
rations,  } 
folly.  stultitia . 
food,  cibus. 
fool,  stultus. 
foot,  pis. 

foot-soldier,  pedes. 
for  all  that,  tamen. 
forbid,  vetare,  interdicere , 
prohibire. 

force  (subst.),  vis,  vlrls. 
force,  to,  cbgere. 
forces,  cdpiae. 
foreign,  externus,  exterus. 
foreigner,  peregfinus. 
foresight,  prudeniia. 
forest,  silva. 
foretell,  praedlcere. 
forget,  oblivisci. 
forgive,  ignoscere ,  veniam 
dare. 

forsake,  diserere,  relinquere. 
fortified,  mUnltus. 
fortune,  fortuna. 
foul,  faedu8. 
found,  condere. 
fowler,  auceps. 
fox,  vulpis. 
fraud,  fraus,  dolus. 
free  (adj.),  liber  ;  to  be  free 
from,  vacdre  ;  to  set  free, 
llberare. 

free,  to,  liber  are,  solvere. 
freedom,  libertds. 
fresh,  recens. 
friend,  amicus. 
friendship,  amicitia. 
fright  (subst.), see  Fear, 
frighten,  to,  terrors. 
frog,  rdna. 


fruit  (of  trees),  fructus ; 

(of  the  field)  frUgis. 
fruitful,  ficundus,  fertir 
Us. 

full,  pllnus  :  chokeful,  refer  - 
tus. 

funeral,  funus ;  funeral  pile, 
rogus. 

furnish,  to,  praebbre. 

G. 

Gain,  lucrum. 
gall  (subst.),  fel. 
game,  ludus ,  lusus,  Us. 
garment,  vestis. 
garrison,  praesidium. 
gate,  janua,  porta,  ostium. 
gather,  colligere. 

Gaul,  Gallia ;  (people)  Gain. 
general  (subst.),  imperator. 
genius,  ingenium. 

George,  Georgius. 

get  to,  nancisci;  parare  ; 

(arrive)  advenlre. 
gift,  donum. 
girl,  puella. 

give,  dare,  donare ,  prae- 
here;  to  give  back,  red- 
dere  ;  to  give  up,  tra¬ 
ders :  to  give  way,  ci- 
dere. 

glad,  laetus. 
gladness,  laetitia. 
glory  (subst.),  gloria. 
gnat,  culex. 

gnaw,  to,  rddere,  corrodere. 
go,  to,  Ire  ;  go  off,  discedere, 
abire. 

goat  (he,)  hircus:  goat  (she,) 
capra. 

God,  Deus. 
goddess,  dea. 
gold,  aurum. 
golden,  aureus. 
good,  bonus,  probus ;  (use¬ 
ful)  utilis. 

good  (subst.),  bonum. 
goose,  dnser. 
govern,  regere,  gubemare. 
grandfather,  avus ;  grand¬ 
mother,  avia ;  grand¬ 
son,  nepds  ;  grand-daugh 
ter,  neptis. 


grant,  to,  condder*. 
grape,  uva. 
grass,  gramen ,  herba. 
grateful,  grdtus. 

■  grave,  gravis. 
great,  magnus. 
great-hearted,  magnani 
mus. 

greedy,  avidus. 
grieve,  doHre,  maerdre. 
ground,  humus ;  (reason) 
causa. 

guard,  to,  custbdire. 
guard,  a,  custddia. 
guardian,  custds ;  (legal) 
tutor. 

guilty,  to  declare,  damndn 
condemnare. 

H. 

Habit,  mbs,  consuetudo ;  to 
be  in  the  h.  of,  solere. 
hair,  crinis,  capillus. 
half,  dimidium,  dlmidia 
pars. 

hand,  manus. 
handsome,  pulcher. 
hang,  to,  (act.)  suspenders  ; 

(neut.)  pendire. 
happen,  accidere ;  contin- 
gere  (for  the  better), 
happy,  felix,  hiatus. 
harbor,  portus. 

hard,  durus  ;  hard  -(to  do,», 
difficilis. 

hare,  lepus. 

harm  (subst.)  damnum, 
malum,  incommodum ; 
to  do  harm,  nocire. 
harmony,  concordia. 
harsh,  durus. 
hart,  cervus. 

hasten,  fesfindre,  proper  are. 
hate,  hatred,  odium. 
hate,  to,  ddisse  ;  to  be  hated, 
odid  esse. 

haughty,  superbus. 
nave,  habire. 
hawk,  accipiter. 
head,  caput. 
headlong,  praecep* 
health,  vcditHdo. 
healthy,  sdntis. 


VOCABULARY. 


171 


dear,  audlre. 
heart,  cor 
heaven,  cadum, 
heavy,  gravis. 
heedless,  incautus. 
heir,  hlrls. 

help  (subst.),  auxillum. 
help,  to,  juvdre,  adjuvdre 
helper,  adjutor. 
hen,  gallina. 
herb,  herba. 
herdsman,  pastor. 
hesitate,  to,  dubitare. 
aide,  to,  abdere  ;  to  hide 
from,  cUare. 
high,  altos. 

highwayman,  latro,praedo. 
hill,  coUis. 
hind,  cerva. 

hinder,  to,  impedirs,  ob- 
stdre,  prohiblre. 
hinge,  cardo. 
hog,  porous,  siis. 
hold,  to,  tenure. 
holidays,  fbriae. 
home,  domus. 
honey,  mel. 

honor,  honor;  to  h.  colors. 
honorable,  honestus. 
hope,  spls. 
hope,  to,  spur  are. 
horn,  comU. 
horse,  equus. 
horseman,  eques. 
hour,  hbra. 

house,  domus,  asdic  (pi.), 
huge,  ingins. 

human,  kumdnus ;  human 
being,  homo. 
hunger,  famls. 
hunter,  vlnator. 
hurt,  to,  noclre. 
husband,  vir. 
husbandman,  agncola. 

I. 

Image,  imago. 
imitate,  imltart. 
imitation,  imitatio. 
immediately,  statim. 
impend,  impend&re. 
importance,  to  be  of,  inter 
est,  rifert.  5  177 


impose,  impbnere. 
impudent,  impudent 
incautious,  incautus. 
increase  (act.),  auglre ; 

(neut.)  criscere. 
incredible,  incridibilis. 
indulgence,  indidgentia. 
industry,  dUigentia,  indu- 
stria. 

industrious,  sidulus :  in- 
dustrius. 

inexorable,  inexbrabilis. 
infantry,  peditis ;  (adj.)  pe¬ 
des  tr  is. 

influence,  auctbritds. 
inform,  cet  tidrem  facers. 
inhabitant,  incola. 
injure,  to,  noclre. 
injury,  imjdria,  damnum. 
injustice,  injustitia ,  injuria. 
inquire,  quaererc. 
innocent,  innocins. 
insolent,  vnsolins. 
inspect,  to,  inspicere. 
institution,  mstitutum. 
instructed,  idoctus. 
insult,  contumSlia,  injUria. 
intellect,  mins. 
interest, interest, rifert.%  381. 
intrust,  committers. 
inventor,  inventor. 
invite,  invitdrc,  vocare. 
iron ,/errum ;  (of  iron)  fer¬ 
rous. 

issue  (subst.),  ex itus. 
ivory,  ebur ;  (of  ivory)  ex 
chore. 

J. 

Jackdaw,  graoulus. 
join,  jungere ;  to  join  bat¬ 
tle,  proelium  committer  e. 
journey,  iter. 

joy,  gaudium  ;  laetitia  (glad¬ 
ness). 

judge,  judex. 
judgment,  judicium. 
}XLBt,justU8. 
justly  ,jUre. 
justice,  jfistitia. 

K. 

Keen,  deer. 


keep,  servdre ,  custddlre  , 
(keep  in),  contintre , 
(from),  prohibere. 
keeper,  custbs. 
kill,  to,  interfleere ;  occ I 
dere,  caedere  (slay),  ns 
care  (cruelly), 
kind  (subst.),  genus. 
kind  (adj.),  benignus. 
king,  rex. 
kingdom,  regnum. 
knee,  genU. 
knife,  colter. 

know,  to,  scire  (of  things), 
nSscere  ;  nbsse  ;  cognd- 
scere  ;  not  to  know,  ni- 
scire,  ignordre. 
known  (well),  cognitus. 

L. 

Labor,  to,  labbrdre. 
labor  (subst.),  labor. 

Lacedaemonian,  Lacedae- 
monius,  Laco. 

\ao\,to, carire,egire,  indigln 
laden,  onustus. 
lake,  locus. 
lamb,  agnus. 
lame,  claudus, 
lament,  to,  lamentarl. 
land,  terra ;  patria. 
large,  magnus ;  amplus,  in 
gens  (huge), 
lark,  alauda. 
laugh,  to,  ndire. 
laugh,  laughter,  ri sus.  ds. 
law,  lex. 

lay  down,  pbnere,  depdnere 
laziness,  pigritia. 
lazy,  piger,  ignavus. 
lead  (subst.),  plumbum. 
lead,  to,  ducere. 
leader,  dux. 
leading-men,  pnndpes 
leaf,  folium. 
league,  foedus,  eris. 
lean,  to,  niCl. 
leap  down,  dlsiMre. 
learn,  discere. 
leaned,  doctus. 
learning,  doctrina. 
least  (adj.),  minimus 
leave,  to,  relinquers. 


172 


VOCABULARY, 


left  (adj.),  sinister  ;  (hand) 
sinistra. 
leg,  eras. 
legion,  legio. 
leisure,  dtium. 
less  (adj.),  minor. 
lever,  vectis. 
liberal,  Rberdlis. 
liberality,  liberalitas. 
liberate,  to,  liberdre. 
lie,  to,  jacire  ;  to  lie  in 
wait  for,  insididrt  ali- 
cui. 

lie,  to  tell  a,  mentor i. 
liar,  mendax. 
license,  licentia. 
life,  vita. 
light  (adj.),  levis. 
light,  a,  lux ,  lumen. 
lightning  (flash  of),  ful- 
gur  :  (stroke  of),  ful- 
men. 

like  (adj.),  sbrdlis. 
likeness,  imago. 
line  (of  battle),  acils  ;  (of 
march),  agmen. 
linger,  cunctarl. 
lion,  leo. 
lioness,  leaena. 
literature,  literae. 
little,  parvus ;  (mean)  par¬ 
vus,  pusillus. 

live,  vivere  ;  (dwell)  habi- 
tdre. 

living,  vlvus. 
load  (subst.),  onus ,  eris. 
load,  to,  onerare. 
lofty,  excelsus. 
long  (adj.),  longus. 
long  (adv.),  did  (a  long 
time). 

longing,  disiderium. 
loose,  loosen,  solvere. 
lord,  to,  domindrl. 
lose,  dmittere  (let  go) ;  per- 
dere  (waste). 

loss,  damnum,  ineomrnodum 
jactura. 

lot,  sors ;  fortuna. 
loud,  clarus  ;  magnus .. 
love,  to,  amdre ;  dlligere 
(like). 

love  (subst.),  amor. 


lovely,  see  beautiful, 
low,  humilis. 

luck,  fortdna  ;  good  luck, 
(secunda)  fortdna ,  fillci- 
tds. 

lucky,  fllxx,  faustns,  fortd- 
ndtus. 
lust,  libido. 
luxury,  luxuria. 

Lydian,  Lydl. 

M. 

Macedonian,  Macedo ,  onis. 
mad,  insdnus  (cracked) ;  fu- 
riosus  (maniacal), 
mad,  to  be,  insdnire ,  furere. 
madness,  xnsdnia,  furor. 
magistracy,  magistrate, 
magistrdtus. 

maid,  maiden,  virgo ,  puella ; 

maid  (servant),  ancilla. 
mainland,  continlns. 
maintain,  confirmars  ;  edn- 
servare. 

make,  facers ,  effleere,  red- 
dere. 

malady,  morbus. 
man,  homo  (human  being) ; 
vir  (opp.  to  woman) ; 
mortalis ;  man-servant, 
famulus. 

mankind,  genus  humdnum ; 

gens  humdna. 
manner,  modus. 
many,  multi. 
march,  to,  proflciscl. 
maritime,  maritimus. 
mark,  to,  notare. 
market-place,  forum. 
marriage,  mdtrimonium. 
marry,  to,  uxorem  ducere 
(of  the  man) ;  viro  nil - 
here  (of  the  woman), 
masses,  plebs .  multitudo. 
master,  dominus ;  hems 
(of  slaves)  ;  rnagister 
,  (teacher). 

master,  make  one’s  self, 
potxn. 
match,  par. 
matter  (subst.),  rls. 
meadow,  prdtum. 
measuro.  to.  rnltlrl 


measure  (subst.),  mHsdra 
meat,  caro  (flesh) ;  cibut 
(food). 

meet,  to,  obviam  lrs,Jleri 
convertors. 

member,  membrum. 
memory,  memoria. 
mention,  mentio. 
merchant,  meredtor. 
message,  nuntius. 
messenger,  ndntius. 
method,  via  ratioque ,  mo¬ 
dus. 

middle,  j  medius ,  §  287  R. 
midst,  )  §  324  R.  6. 

mild,  mitis. 
military,  milUdris. 
milk,  lac. 

mind,  animus ,  mens. 
mindful,  memor. 
mission  (object  of),  rls. 
mistaken,  to  be,  errirs. 
fald. 

moderate,  } 
moderation,  J 

modesty,  t  modMUa- 
money,  peednia 
monkey,  sxmia. 
month,  mensis. 
moon,  luna. 
morning,  mdne 
morose,  mordsus. 
morrow,  the,  erds,  erdstinm 
dils. 

mortal,  mortalis. 
most  (people),  ptlrlqxie. 
mother,  mater  ;  mother-in 
law,  socrus. 

mound,  tumulus ,  agger. 
mount,  to,  cbnstxndere. 
mountain,  mdns. 
mourn,  liiglre,  maerlre. 
mouse,  mils. 
mouth,  os. 

move,  movl-re ,  se  motive. 
movement,  mdtus. 
much,  multus. 
multitude,  multitddo. 
murder,  to,  interjlcers. 
must,  dehire  ;  oportet ,  ru 
cesse  est. 


VOCABULARY. 


N. 

Naked,  nddus. 
name,  ndmen. 
name,  to,  ntiminare,  appel 
lore ,  vocdre. 
narrow,  angustus. 
nation,  gtns. 
nature,  ndtdra. 
naughty,  improbus. 
near  (adj .),  propinquus. 
near,  to  come,  $  337. 
nearly,  prope. 
necessary,  necessdrius ,  ne- 
cesse ;  opus  est. 
necessity,  necessitas. 
neck,  collum ,  cermcls. 
need,  opus,  usm ;  to  be  in, 
eglre ,  indiglre ,  carlre. 
needle,  acus. 
nefarious,  nefarius. 
neglect,  to,  negligere. 
neglect  (subst.),  i xegligentia. 
neighbor,  ing,  vlclnus. 
neither,  neuter. 
nest,  nidus. 
never,  nunquam,  §  482. 
new,  novus  (opp.  to  anti- 
quus) ;  recens  (fresh, 
opp.  to  vetus). 

news,  nuntius,  aliquid  novi. 
nice,  =  sweet,  dulcis. 
night,  nox. 

nightingale,  luscinia. 
nobility,  ntibills. 
noble,  ntibUis ,  genertisus. 
none,  nullus. 
noose,  laqueus. 
nose,  nasus. 

nothing,  nihil,  nulla  rls. 
nourish,  to,  alere. 
now,  nunc. 
number,  numerus. 
Numidian,  Numida. 
nurse,  to,  cdrare. 
nut,  nux;  nut-shell,  nucis 
cortex. 

O. 

Oak,  quercus ,  rtibur. 
oar,  rlmus. 
oath,  jtisjdrandum 
Obey,  to,  obldlre,  obtempe - 
ffire;  pdrdre  (habitually) 


obscure,  to,  obscdrdre. 
obscure,  obscdrus. 
observe,  servdre. 
occupation,  negtitium. 
occupied,  occupatus. 
ocean,  ticeanus ,  mare. 
offer,  to,  offerre. 
office,  magistrate. 
often,  saepe. 

old,  vetus  (length  of  don¬ 
ation)  ;  antique  (dis¬ 
tance  of  origin), 
old  age,  senectus. 
old  man,  senex. 
omit,  to,  omittere. 
once  (for  all),  semel ;  once 
(on  a  time),  blim ,  quon¬ 
dam. 

one,  Unus ;  one  day,  aliquan- 
do. 

only,  stilus ;  (adv.)  tantum , 
modo ,  stilum. 
open,  to,  apenre. 
opportunity,  occdsio ;  op¬ 
portunity  (convenience), 
oppose,  opponere. 
opposite,  contrdrius. 
opulent,  opulentus. 
or,  aut,  vel,  §  495. 
order  (subst.),  ordo ;  orders 
to  give,  imperare. 
order,  to,  imperare ,  jublre. 
origin,  origo. 
ornament  (subst.),  decus. 
other,  alius ,  alter,  §  306. 
ought,  dlbere. 
our,  nbster. 

overbearing,  superbus. 
overcome,  superare  (sur¬ 
pass)  ;  vincere  (van¬ 
quish). 

owe,  to,  dXblre. 

P. 

Pain,  dolor. 
paint,  to,  pingere. 
painter,  pictor. 
painting,  pietdra ,  tabula 
(picta). 

palace,  domus,  aedls. 
pardon,  to,  ignSscere,  venl - 
am  dare. 

pardon  (subst.),  venia. 


1*3 

parent,  parbit . 
part  (subst.),  pars. 
partaker,  particeps. 
partner,  socius. 
party,  pars,  partis. 
pass  (over),  transire. 
passions,  liMdinls. 
patience,  patientia. 
pavilion,  tabemdculum- 
pay,  to,  solvere. 
pay  (subst.),  merds. 
peacock,  pavo. 
peace,  pax. 

peasant,  rusticus ,  agncola 
peculiar,  proprius. 
pen,  penna ;  calamus ,  stilus 
people,  populus ;  homiiHs. 
perceive,  intelligere ,  am 
madvertere. 

perform,  perficere,  cSnflcere 
fungi. 

perhaps,  fortasse. 
perish,  perire ,  interlre. 
permit,  permittere,  sinere 
perpetual,  perpetuus. 
Persian,  Persa. 
person,  homo. 
perspicuous,  perspicax. 
persuade,  persuadlre. 
philosopher,  philosophus. 
Phoenician,  Phoenix. 
physician,  medicus. 
picture,  pictura,  tabula. 
pierce,  perf ordre. 
pigeon,  columba. 
pine-tree,  plnm. 
pious,  pins. 
pitch  (a  camp),  ptinere. 
placable ,  pldcdbilis . 
place,  locus. 

plan,  consilium ;  sententia. 

plant  (subst.),  herba. 
plant,  to,  serere. 
play,  to,  ludere. 
pleasant,  gratus,  jdcundus 
please,  placere. 
pleasure,  voluptds. 
pledge,  pignus. 
plough  (subst.),  ardtrum  ; 

ploughman,  ardtor. 
plough,  to,  ardre. 
plunder,  spolidre ,  diripere 
poem,  cat  men,  polma. 


174 


VOCABULARY. 


poet,  potta. 
point  to,  acuert. 

Pompey,  Pompous. 
poor,  pauper,  inops ;  miser. 
popular,  populdris. 
possession,  possessie. 
postman,  tabelldrius. 
poverty,  pauperise. 
ponnd,  libra. 

power,  potestds ;  to  be  in 
one’s  power,  penes  all - 
quern  esse. 
practice,  Hsus. 
practice,  to,  exercZre. 
praise  (subst.),  laus. 
praise,  to,  lauddre. 
precept,  praeceptum. 
prefect,  praefectus. 
prefer,  antepbnere ;  mails. 
prepare,  pardre. 
present,  to,  dbndre. 
present  (subst.),  dbnum. 
present,  to  be,  adesse. 
preserve,  servare. 
pretend,  simuldre. 


prudent  prddbis. 
public,  homines. 

Punios,  Poeril. 
punish,  pdnlre. 
punishment,  poena. 
puppy,  catuhis. 
pure,  pdrus. 
purify,  purgdre. 
put  pbnere,  collocdre. 

Q, 

Quantity,  vis. 
queen,  rlglna. 
quench,  exstinguere  ;  sMdre. repulse,  to,  repeUere. 
question,  to,  quaerere,  in-  reputation, fama. 

terrogdre.  request,  see  beg. 

question  (subst.),  quaestio.  require,  postuldre. 
quick,  celer.  \citds.  rescue,  solus. 

quickness,  celeritds,  velo-  resign,  abdicare. 


region,  regio. 
relation,  jropinquus,  cognd 
tus. 

relieve,  levdre. 
remain,  manure. 
remember,  reminisd,  menu 

msse. 

remind,  monere,  commone- 
facere. 

remove,  movlre,  removlre, 
toilers. 

repeat,  =  report,  referre. 
repent,  paenitet. 


quiet,  quietus. 

R. 

Rabble,  vulgus. 
raft,  ratis. 
raise,  to,  tollers. 
ram,  arils. 


resist,  resistere. 
resolve,  c6nstituere,<Rcemere 
rest  (subst.),  quils. 
rest,  to,  quilscere. 
restore,  rejicere ;  restituere 
retire,  si  redpere. 
return,  to  (act.),  reddere , 
restituere;  (neut.)  redire. 
return  (subst.),  reditus. 
revolution,  res  novae. 
reward  (subst.),  praemi- 
um. 

Rhodes,  Rhodus. 
rich,  dives. 

ready,  pardtus.  riches,  dlvitiae ,  opls. 

rear,  tergum.  right  (adj.),  dexter  ;  JUstus 

reason,  ratio.  right  (subst.),  JHs. 

recall,  revocare ;  (recollect)  rim,  margo. 

recordan.  ring,  anulus. 

receive,  accipere ,  redpere ;  ripe,  mdtUrus. 

(as  a  guest)  exdpere.  rise,  to,  surgere ;  orlri. 


pretty,  bellus,  pulcher. 

prevent, prohiblre ,  impedlrs,  rampart ,  vallum. 
prey,  praeda.  [officere.  rare,  rdrus. 
price,  pretium.  rash,  temerdrius. 

priest,  ess,  sacerdbs.  raven,  corvus. 

prince,  pnnceps.  reach,  assequi,  attingere 

prison,  career ,  custddia.  read,  legere. 

prisoner,  captus;  (of  war)  readily,  fadle 
captivus. 
privy,  consdus. 
procure,  pardre. 
prodigy,  prddigium. 
profit  (subst.),  commodum. 
profit,  to,  prbdesse. 
promise,  to,  promittere ; 

pollicld  (voluntarily).  recollect,  recordarl.  river,  Jluvius. 

promise  (subst.),  j9r5mis^«m.recommend,  commevddre.  road,  via. 
property,  rls ,  bona.  recover,  recuperare,  redpere. roar  (subst.),  fremitus. 


propose,  to,  proponere.  red,  ruber. 

prosperity,  fllldtds.  reduce,  redig  ere. 

protect,  protegere,  dlfendere ,  refer,  referre. 


tulfi,  tutdrl. 
proud,  superbus. 
prove,  probdre. 
proverb,  prdverbium 
provide.  prdvicHre. 
province,  prbvinda. 
prow,  pnra. 


refrain  {si)  abstinlre. 
refuse,  to,  recusare. 
reign,  regnare. 
rein,  frenl,  a. 

reject,  rejicere,  repudiare. 


rob,  prlvare,  spolidre. 
robber,  latro ,  praedo. 
rock,  saxum ,  rilpls 
roll,  to,  volvere. 
roof,  tectum. 
root,  radix. 

rope,  fUnis,  restis  ;  1 aqueus 
(halter). 


rejoice,  gaudlre;  Iasi  id  rough,  asper. 
(show  gladness).  row,  ordo. 


VOCABULARY, 


175 


royal,  rlglus  (of  a  king) ; 

rlgdlis  (like  a  king’s), 
ruin,  niina ;  pemicUs. 
rain,  to,  perdere ,  pessum 
dare. 

ruinous  (act.),  pemicibsus. 
rale  (subst.),  imperium. 
rale,  to,  regere ,  moderdrd. 
ruler,  moderator. 
run,  currere ;  fugere ;  to 
ran  up,  accurrere. 

S. 

Sacred,  sacer. 
sacrifice,  to,  immolare. 
sad,  tristis,  maestus. 
safe,  tutus ,  salmis ,  incolu- 
mis. 

safety,  salds. 
sail  (subst.),  vllum. 
sail,  to,  ndvigdre. 
salt,  sal. 
salute,  salutdre. 
same,  Idem,  §  296. 
sanctuary,  fanum. 
save,  servdre ,  conservare. 
say,  dlcere. 
scarce,  mx. 

scatter,  spargere,dlspergere. 
scholar, disciptilus  ;  (learned 
man),  doctus. 
school,  schola,  Indus. 
science,  scientia. 
scold,  to,  vltuperdre, 
scream,  to,  cldmdre ,  excld- 
mdre. 

Scythian,  Scytka. 
sea,  mare. 

season,  tempestds,  tempus. 
seat,  sldls. 
second,  secundus. 
secretly,  dam. 
see,  vidlre. 

seek,  quaerere ;  seek  after, 
expetere. 
seem,  vidirt. 
seize,  corripere. 
sell,  venders. 
senate,  senatus. 
send,  mittere ;  send  back, 
remitters. 
sensation,  mbtus. 
sense,  sbisus. 


serious,  sirius. 
servant,  servus ;  man-s. 

famulus  ;  maid-s.  ancilla. 
servant,  to  be  a,  servdre. 
set,  ponere  ;  set  on.incitare  ; 
set  up,  statuere ;  (of  the 
sun)  occidere. 
shade,  shadow,  umbra. 
shady,  umbrbsus. 
shameful,  turpis. 
shameful  Heed, /acinus. 
shameless,  impudens ,  inve- 
recundus. 
shape,  forma. 
share  (subst.),  pars ,  portlo. 
sharp,  acutus. 
sheep,  ovis,  pecus. 
shepherd,  pastor. 
ship,  navis. 
shore,  Vitus. 
short,  brevis . 
shoulder,  humerus. 
show,  monstrdre ,  ostendere  ; 
show  one’s  self,  si  prae- 
stare.  . 

shower,  imber. 
shrewd,  callidus. 
shrub,  frutex. 
shudder,  to,  horrlre. 
shut,  to,  daudere. 

Sicily,  Sicilia. 
sick,  aeger ;  aegrbtus  (physi¬ 
cally). 

sickness,  morbus ,  valltUdo. 
side,  latus. 
siege,  obsidio. 
signal,  signum. 
silent,  tacitus ;  to  be  silent, 
taclre. 

silly,  imulsus. 
silliness,  xnsulsitds. 
silver,  argentum ;  (of  silver) 
argenteus. 

simpleton,  stultus,fatuus. 
sing,  canere. 
sister,  soror. 
situated,  situs. 
skilled,  ) 

skilful,  j  PsrUus,  expertus. 

skin,  cutis ,  pellls. 
skull,  caput. 
sky,  caelum. 
slate,  tabula. 


slave,  (male)  serous ;  (fe¬ 
male)  serva;  to  be  a 
slave,  servdre. 
slavery,  servitus. 
slay,  truciddre.  See  kill. 
sleep  (subst.),  somnus. 
sleep,  to,  dormlre. 
slight,  levis. 
slow,  tardus. 
sly,  callidus. 
small,  parvus. 
smell,  to,  (give  forth)  redo 
lire  ;  (take  in)  clfacere. 
smoke,  fumus. 
snake,  serpens ,  anguis ,  coin 
ber. 

snare,  laqueus. 
snow,  nix. 
so,  ita,  sic. 
society,  societds. 
soldier,  miles. 
sole  (adj.),  sdlus. 
some,  aliquis  ;  quldam  ; 
§  300  foil. ;  nbnnulU , 
some  day,  aliquando ; 
sometimes,  nbnnun- 
quam ;  interdum  (onc« 
in  a  while). 

somewhat,  aliquantum. 
son  ,filius. 
son-in-law,  gener. 
song,  cantus ,  carmen. 
soon,  brevl ;  cito. 
soothe,  Unlre. 
sorry,  to  be,  paenltet. 
soul,  animus,  mins. 
sound  (adj.),  sd^us. 
sound  (subst.),  sonus. 
sour-tempered,  mbrbsni 
sow,  to,  serere. 
sow  (subst.),  sus. 

Spain,  Hispdnia. 
spare,  parcere. 
sparrow,  passer. 

Spartan,  Spartdnus. 
speak,  loqul,  dlcere  ;  verba 
facers. 

speech,  bratlo;  to  make  a 
speech,  bratidnem  ha 
hire. 

speed,  cderitds,  vllbcitds. 
spirit,  animus. 
splendid,  splendldm. 


V  OC  ABUTiA  R> . 


m 


spring  (season),  vir. 
spur,  calcdria. 
stag,  cervus. 
stall,  8tabulum. 
stand,  to,  stare ;  to  stand 
in  the  way  of,  obstdre. 
standard,  signum. 


sun,  sbl. 

superstition,  superstitio. 
supplication,  mppucatio. 
supplied, bountifully  (to  be), 
abundare,  scatlre. 
suppose,  putare ,  arbitrary, 
oplndn.  See  think. 


standard-bearer,  signifer.  supreme,  suprlmus ,  sum- 
Star,  stella.  mus. 

starling,  stnmus.  surface  (of  water),  aequor. 

state,  condicio;  (govern-  surname,  cognbmen. 
ment)  edvUds,  res  p&-  surpass,  superdre. 
blica.  surrender,  to,  traders,  dl- 

statue,  signum ,  statua.  dere. 

stay,  to,  manure  ;  stay  one’s  surround  drcumdare ,  cin- 


gere. 

suspicion,  svspicU). 
swallow  (subst.),  hirundo. 
swallow  up,  vordre,  dlvo- 
rdre ,  haurlre. 
swan,  cycnus. 
sway,  imperium ,  dicio. 


self,  nitl. 

steadfast,  cSnstans. 

Btern  (subst.),  puppis. 
stone,  lapis. 

■tork,  cicdnia. 

Storm,  procella  (squall) 
tempestas  (tempest). 

storm,  to  (take  by  storm),  swear,  jurare 

expugndre.  sweet,  dulcis ;  suavis. 

story,  fabula.  swift,  celer,  vllox. 

strange  (foreign),  alilnus  ;  swim,  across,  tra.nare. 

(wonderful)  minis.  swine,  sus,  porcus . 
stranger,  peregrinus ,  ho -  sword,  gladius. 

spes.  syllable,  syllaba. 

strength,  rbbur ,  tirSs  ;  to  Syracuse,  Syrdcdsae. 
take  fresh  strength,  rd- 
rls  resumere.  T. 

strict,  serlrus.  Tablet,  tabula. 

strife,  rixa.  tail,  cauda. 

strip,  nUddre.  take,  turner*  capere 

Stroke  (of  lightning),  fvlmen.  take  away,  adimere ; 

strong,  validus  ;  fortis.  (by  force),  fripere. 


to 


study,  studlum. 
study,  to,  stud&re. 
stupid,  stultus,  stupidus. 
subject,  subjectus. 
subjugate,  domare. 
succeed,  succldere. 
succumb,  succumbere. 
sudden,  subitus. 
suddenly,  subitb. 
suffer,  pad,  perpetl. 
suffering,  dolor. 
sue  for,  petere. 


talk  (subst.;,  sermo. 

talk,  to,  colloqui. 

tall,  prbcirus. 
talon,  unguis. 
tame,  to,  domdre. 
tardy,  tardus. 
taste,  to,  gustdre. 

tax  (subst.),  vectlgal,  tribU- 
turn. 

tear,  to  pieces,  dllanidre. 
tear  (subst.),  lacrima. 
tell,  narrare. 


sufficient,  to  be,  sufficere.  temper,  animus. 

satis  esse.  temple,  aedls. 

suit,  to,  convenlre.  tenacious,  tenor. 

suitable,  aptus ,  Idbneus  tender,  tener. 


testimony,  testv.nbnium . 
thank,  to  (give  thanks),  gru 
lids  agere. 

therefore,  itoque,  igitur, 
§  502. 

thick  (coarse),  crassut. 
thief,  fur. 
thin,  tenuis. 
thing,  ris. 

think,  putare  ;  cbgitdn 
(form  an  idea) ;  aroltrdri 
(judge  deliberately) ; 
opinari  (as  an  individ  lal 
conviction) ;  sentlre  (as 
a  view),  jddicdre  (to 
judge),  censlre  (to  esti¬ 
mate)  ;  See  also  re¬ 
member,  esteem,  con¬ 
sider. 

thirst  (subst.),  sitis. 
thirst,  to,  sitire. 

Thracian,  Thrdx. 
throat,  fauces. 
throne,  imperium ,  regnum 
throw,  jacere ;  off,  abjicere. 
thunder,  tondre. 

Tiber,  Tiberis. 
tidings,  nuntius. 
time,  tempus. 
timid,  timidus. 
tire,  to,  taedet. 
tongue,  lingua. 

too,  quoque. 
tooth,  dens. 

top.  cacumen. 
touch,  tangere. 
track,  vestigium. 

trade,  commercktm ;  (hand 
craft)  ars. 

tragedy,  tragoedia. 
traitor,  prbditor. 
transport,  transporldre. 

transmittere. 
travel,  to,  iter  facers. 
traveller,  viator. 
treat,  tractdre. 
treaty,  foedus. 
tribe,  gens. 
trick,  dolus. 

triumph  (subst.),  triumpAut 
triumph,  to,  triumphdre. 
troops,  cbpiae ; 
trouble,  molestia,  negbtium 


VOCABULARY, 


170 


troublesome,  molcstus. 
trace,  indutiae. 
true,  virus. 
trust,  odnfldere. 
truth,  vlrum ,  vbra. 
trunk,  truncm. 
try,  expeftfl,  tentdre ,  cdndrl. 
turn,  vertere;  tarn  out, 
Ivddert. 

twins,  geminl,  gemeUl. 

U. 

Ulysses,  Ulixls. 
unbounded,  tnflnltus. 
ancle  (father’s  brother),  pa- 
truus  ;  (mother’s  broth¬ 
er),  avunculus. 
unburied,  insepultus. 
unconquered,  invictus. 
understand,  intelligere ,  ac- 
cipere ,  comperlre. 
understanding,  mens. 
undertake,  suscipere. 
undertaking,  inceptum. 
unfair,  inlquus. 
unfortunate,  infilix,  miser. 
ungrateful,  ingratus. 
uninjured,  incolumis. 
universe,  mundus. 
unjust,  inlquus ,  injustus. 
unlucky,  infilix. 
unwary,  incautus. 
unwholesome,  nocens. 
unwilling,  to  be,  nolle. 
upright,  probus. 
use,  to,  utl. 
use  (subst.),  usus. 
usually,  I  am,  soleo. 
usurp,  usurpdre. 

V. 

Vain,  vdnus. 
value,  pretium. 

Value,  to,  aestimare ,  dUcere , 
pendere. 

varying,  varius. 
venture,  audlre. 
vessel,  vds. 

7ice,  vitium. 

victory,  Victoria ;  to  get  the 
victory,  vincert,  victbri- 
am  reportdre 


vigorous,  acer. 
village,  view. 
violence,  vis. 
violent,  vehemSns ,  acer. 
virtue,  virtiis. 
voice,  vox. 

Volscians,  Volscl. 
vulture,  vultur. 


W. 

Wait,  for,  exspectare. 
wait,  to  lie  in,  Insidiarl. 

walk,  to  take  a  walk,  ambu- 
Idre. 

wall,  murus  ;  moenia  (pi.), 
(city) ;  parils  (party). 

want,  to,  car  ere,  eg  ere,  in- 
diglre;  wanted  to  be, 
opus  esse. 

want  (subst.), egestas,  inopia 
war,  helium;  to  wage  war, 
helium  Inferre. 
ward  off,  to,  defenders. 
warm  (adj.),  calidus. 
warn,  monire,  admonire. 
wary,  cauius. 

waste,  to  lay,  vastdre,  popu- 
larl. 

watch,  vigilia. 
watch  (-men),  custodia,  cus- 
todes,  vigiliae,  vigills. 
watchful,  vigil,  vigildns. 
water,  aqua. 
way,  via;  modus. 
way,  to  give,  cedere;  stand 
in  the  way,  obsfare. 
wayfaring  man,  viator. 

weak,  debilis,  imbedllus. 
weaken,  debilitare. 

weal,  solus. 
wealth,  dlvitiae,  opts. 
weary  (wearied),  fessus. 
weary,  to,  taedet. 
weep,  lacrimare,  fire. 
weight,  pondus. 
welfare,  salus. 

well  (adj.),san«s ;  (ad v.),bene. 
when  l  quando. 
white,  albus,  candidus. 
whole,  tdtus. 
wicked,  malus,  imvrolrus. 

7* 


wide,  latus. 
wife,  uxor. 

wild ,ferus;  wild  beast, /era. 
will,  voluntas ;  good-will, 

henevolentia,  favor,  vo¬ 
luntas. 

will,  to,  velle. 
wind  (subst.),  ventns 
window,  fenestra. 
wine,  mnum. 
winter,  hiems. 
winter-quarters,  hlberna. 
wisdom,  sapientia,  priiden 
tia. 

wise,  sapiens,  prudins. 
wish,  to,  optdre,  cupere ,  velle 
withdraw,  si  recipere. 
witness  (subst.),  testis. 
wolf,  lupus  ;  she- wolf,  lupa 
woman,  mulier,  femina. 
wonderful,  mlrus. 
wont,  to  be,  solire. 
wood,  a,  silva  ;  (fuel),  lignum, 
(building-wood),  materia, 
word,  verbum. 
work  (subst.),  opus. 
work,  to,  labdrare. 
world,  mundus;  orbis  ter- 
rarum. 

worth  (subst.),  virtUs. 
worthy,  dignus ;  to  deem 
worthy,  dignd.fi. 
wound,  to,  vulnerare. 
wound  (subst.),  minus. 
wreath,  corona 
wretch  (wretched),  miser ; 

perdilus. 
write,  scrlbere. 
wrong,  injuria. 


Y. 

Year,  annus. 
yesterday,  herd. 
yield,  cedere. 
young  (of  animals),  pullw 
youth,  juveni8  ;  juventHs 


Z. 

Zeal,  studium. 
zealous,  studiOsus 


SUPPLEMENTARY  VOCABULARY, 


A. 

Able,  to  be,  posse. 
achievement,  f acinus. 
act,  an,  factum. 
admiration,  admxratio. 
advice,  consilium. 
Aetolian,  Aetolus. 
affrighted,  perterritus. 
again,  rursus. 
ago,  abhinc. 

allow,  permlttere ,*  concl 
clere. 

although,  quanquam , 
quamvis. 
animal,  bestia. 
attire,  orndtus. 
avail,  to  be  of ,.juvare. 
avert,  avertere. 
autumn,  autumnus. 
auxiliary-troops,  auxilia. 
await,  exspectare. 


B. 

Beseech,  obsecrdre. 
boar,  aper. 
bog,  palus. 
box,  area ,  cista. 
burdensome,  molestm. 


C. 

Carry,  vehere — back,  reve- 
here. 

cheese,  casern. 

Cheruscans,  Chlruscl. 
claw,  unguis. 
clearly,  perspicul ,  pldnl. 
clumsily,  tardl. 
color,  color. 
comfort,  a,  solatium. 
condition,  conditio,  status. 
consolation,  soldtium. 
•over let,  str&gxdum. 


crown,  wreath,  corbna ; 
kingly  c.,  diadlma. 

D. 

Days,  two,  tnduum ;  three, 
triduum ;  four,  quadri- 
duum. 

deaf,  surd  us. 
death,  put  to ;  see  kill, 
deer,  cervus. 
desert,  to,  dZserere. 
deserve,  dignum  esse. 
deter,  to,  deterrire. 
devour,  devorare. 
direction,  praeceptum. 
disappoint,  fallere. 
dissuade,  dissuddlre. 
doubtful,  dubius. 
dusty,  pulverulentus. 

E. 

Emerge,  Imergere. 
enormous,  immtbxsus. 
enraged,  xrdcundia  lldtus. 
eternal,  aetemus ,  sempiter- 
nus. 

everybody  else,  clteti. 
evil,  an,  malum. 
exclaim,  clamare. 
exhortation,  hortdtio. 
extinguished,  exstinctus. 

F. 

Fair  (just),  aequus. 
falcon,  falco. 
false,  falsus. 
favor,  to,  favlre. 
finery,  orndtus. 
foolish,  stultus. 
forum,  forum. 

g. 

Garden,  hortus. 
general,  praetor. 


goldfinch,  acanthis. 

Greek,  Oraecus. 
grove,  locus. 
goodwill,  benevolentia 

H. 

Heal,  medhti,  sdn&re. 
hence,  hinc. 

Hippocentaur,  Hippos 

taurus. 

horde,  caterva. 
hostage,  obses. 
humble,  hxtmilis. 

I. 

Ignorant,  niscius. 
immortal,  immortdlis. 
imprudent,  imprudinr 
infirmity,  inflrmitas. 
innate,  inndtus. 
integrity,  integrity*. 
Italy,  Italia. 

J. 

J&w&.f cruets. 

K 

Kind-hearted,  benlgnm . 
kindness,  benignitds. 

L. 

Later,  adv.,  post. 
let-go,  dlmittere. 
liberty,  llbertds. 
lictor,  lictor. 
limb,  niembrum. 

M. 

Magnanimous,  magneun 

mus. 

magnificent,  tplendidus 
magnxflcus. 
march,  iter. 
mass,  multitude. 


VOCABULARY 


179 


migrate,  mlgrdre. 
misfortunes,  incommoda. 

N. 

Negligence,  nsglegentia. 

nevertheless,  tamen. 

O. 

Ohserve,  servare. 
occur,  in  mentem  venire. 
once,  at  (immediately),  star 
tim. 

only,  adj.,  Onicus. 
opinion,  opinio. 
overthrow,  to,  subvertere. 
ox,  bbs. 

P. 

Plane-tree,  platanus. 
philosophy,  philosophla. 
pilot,  gubemdtor. 
portico,  porticus. 
proconsul,  prbconsul. 
project,  a,  consilium. 
propose,  intendere. 
proper,  to  be,  cunvenlre. 
pull  down,  dlmere. 
put  an  end,  finem  facers. 


Q 

Quickly,  cito. 
auiot,  to  keep,  quiescent 


R. 

Race,  gins. 

rain,  pluvia ;  imber  (show¬ 
er). 

reach,  to,  pervenlre  ad. 
rebel,  to,  dbcnscers. 
recommendation,  ccnnmen- 
datio. 

regard,  to,  habZre. 
regret,  to,  dolere.  [nave. 
reign,  a,  regnum  ;  to,  reg- 
rider,  eques. 
rower,  rlmex. 
rumor,  rumor. 


S. 

Set  out,  projicisci. 
sharpen,  acuere. 
sin,  a,  peccatum. 
size,  magnitudo. 
sit,  sedlre. 
sod,  a,  caespes. 
squander,  dissipare. 
stability,  stabilitds. 
staff,  baculum. 
step,  a,  gradus. 
strive,  nltl. 
sufficiently,  satis. 
summer,  aestds. 
sunset,  &blis  occdsus. 
swamp,  valus. 
swiftness,  csleritds. 


T. 

Tally,  to,  conveners. 
teacher,  magister. 
theatre,  thedtrum. 
thwarts,  transtra. 
toil,  labor. 
tower,  turris. 
treason,  prdditio. 
tree,  arbor. 

tremble,  to,  contremiscer* 
Troy,  Try  a. 
tyrant,  *"*• annus . 

Tyrian,  Tyrius. 

U. 

Uncertain,  incsrtus. 
unhappy,  inflfix. 
unrest,  perturbdtio. 
usefulness,  utilitds 

♦ 

V. 

Vain,  in ,frbstrd. 
various,  vdrius. 

W. 

Wake,  to,  trans. ,  sxpsrgefa 

cere. 

want,  to  (desire),  veils. 
week,  hebdomas. 
weighty,  gravis. 

Weser,  Yisurgis. 
wickedness,  rtiquitia. 
without,  sins. 


SUMMARY  OF  REFERENCES 

IN  THE  TEXT  OF  THE  EXERCISE-BOOK. 


E.  B.  =  Exercise- Book. 

O.  E  =  1872  Edition  of  Latin  Grammar. 
N.  E.  =  1894  Edition  of  Latin  Grammar. 


E.  B.  O.  E.  N.  E. 


PAGE 

SEC. 

SEC. 

17 

286,  R.  1 

290,  R.  1 

22 

224 

233 

26 

500 

498 

36 

224 

233 

43 

586,  R. 

585,  R. 

46 

469 

467 

360,  R.  1 

362,  R.  1 

345 

346 

246,  R.  1 

254, R.  1 

49 

375 

376 

236,  R.  2 

244,  R.  2 

50 

209 

218 

51 

351 

351 

52 

« 

GO 

291,  R.  2 

53 

344 

345 

54 

298 

311,2 

56 

209 

218 

330, R.  2 

331, R.  2 

625 

623 

630 

628 

463 

461 

469 

467 

375 

376 

57 

483 

481 

308 

293 

357,  R.  2 

360, R.  2 

58 

387 

389 

J  4  0,  R.  3 

337,  R.  4 

3  ,0,  R.  1 

362, R. 1 

60 

236,  R.  2 

244, R.  2 

1.  The  Latin  language  has  a  strong  tendency  to  rhetorical 

repetition. 

2.  Imperfect  of  Endeavor. 

See  No.  25. 

See  No.  2. 

3.  Cum,  with  the  Subj.  is  often  translated  by  the  English 

Participle. 

4.  The  dependent  interrogative  is  put  in  the  Subjunctive. 

5.  The  adjective  form  is  often  preferred  to  the  Genitive. 

6.  Prodesse,  to  do  good ,  to  profit,  takes  the  Dative. 

7.  The  Roman  uses  the  Indicative  in  such  verbs,  where  we 

should  expect  the  Subjunctive  (Potential). 

8.  Verbs  of  Remembering  and  Forgetting  take  the  Geni¬ 

tive. 

9.  The  Future  Perfect  is  used  with  greater  exactness  in 

Latin  than  in  English. 

10.  The  Passive  often  has  a  reflexive  signification  and  an 

intransitive  translation. 

11.  Dativus  Ethicus,  or  Dative  of  Feeling,  a  usage  con¬ 

fined  to  the  Personal  Pronoun. 

12.  Superlative  denoting  order  used  parti tively. 

13.  Dative  with  Passive. 

14.  Ipse  tibi,  when  ipse  is  emphatic,  ipsi  tibi  when  ipsi. 
See  No.  10. 

15.  Adire  aliquem,  to  apply  to  a  man ,  adire  ad  aliquem, 

to  go  up  to  a  man. 

16.  The  Pluperfect  Ind.  is  used  of  antecedent  iterative 

action  in  the  Past. 

17.  The  Future  Perf.  Ind.  is  attracted  into  the  Plupf.  Subj. 

after  a  past  tense  in  dependent  discourse. 

18.  Whether  .  .  or,  isutrum  . .  .  an. 

See  No.  4. 

See  No.  8. 

19.  Et  is  often  omitted  in  contrasts. 

20.  Mille  in  the  sing,  is  an  indeclinable  adjective,  in  the 

plur.  it  is  a  neut.  snbst.,  and  must  have  the  Genitive. 

21.  A  predicative  attribute  is  often  preferred  to  an  abstract 

in  the  Genitive. 

22.  Place  as  Cause,  Manner,  or  Instrument,  needs  no  pre¬ 

position. 

23.  Ad  with  acc.  to  the  neighborhood  of,  siege  of. 

See  No.  5. 

See  No.  9. 


:82 


E.  B. 

PAGE 

61 


62 


63 


67 

68 


69 


70 

71 


72 

77 

78 

79 

81 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 


90 


91 

92 


SUMMARY  OF  REFERENCES. 


O.  E. 

N.  E. 

PEC. 

SEC. 

486 

IS  t 

24. 

600,  R.  2 

498,  N.  2 

25. 

431 

430 

26. 

346,  R.  1 

347,  R.  1 

27. 

345,  R.  2 

346,  R.  2 

28. 

612 

610 

29. 

667,  R.  1 

o:,  r.  l 

30. 

287.  R. 

291,  R.  2 

31. 

299,  R. 

312,  R. 

32. 

236,  R.  2 

244,  R.  2 

457 

455 

33. 

221 

230 

34. 

388 

390,2 

35. 

571 

569 

36. 

212 

221 

37 

208 

217 

38. 

304 

317 

39. 

631 

629 

40. 

324,  R.  6 

325,  R.  6 

41. 

346,  R.  1 

347,  R.  1 

298 

311,2 

234,  R.  1 

242,  R.  1 

483 

481 

278,  R. 

282,  N. 

‘  42. 

208 

217 

195,  R.  8 

204,  N.  8 

43. 

486 

484 

586,  R. 

585,  R. 

278 

282 

277,  R. 

281,  N. 

44. 

655  . 

652 

45. 

623 

621 

46. 

195,  R.  5 

204,  R. 5 

47. 

521 

521 

48. 

586,  R. 

585,  R. 

324,  R.  7 

325,  R.  7 

49. 

286,  R.  2 

290,  N.  1 

50. 

444 

445 

51. 

539 

539 

52. 

293,  R.  3 

308,  R. 3 

53. 

408 

409 

54. 

236,  R.  2 

244,  R.  2 

426 

425 

55. 

469 

467 

349,  R.  4 

349,  R.  4 

56. 

634 

631,2 

57. 

Autem  is. postpositive,  generally  after  the  first  word. 

Enim  is  often  explanatory .  rather  than  illative,  and 
always  postpositive. 

Veros  of  Giving  and  Taking  take  the  Gerundive  of 
the  object  to  be  effected. 

Verbs  compounded  with  con-(COm-)  usually  repeat  the 
preposition  (cum). 

Persuadere,  to  persuade  (make  sweet),  takes  the  Dat. 

of  Person. 

Relative  constructions  are  more  common  in  Latin  than 
in  English. 

Latin  often  subordinates  by  means  of  the  participle 
where  the  English  coordinates  by  means  of  the  finite 
verb.  •» 

Adjective  used  partitively.  Comp.  No.  12. 

The  possessive  pronouns  are  often  peculiarly  emphatic. 

See  No.  9.  J  * 

Nonne  expects  the  answer  :  Yes. 

The  English  Progressive  Perfect  is  represented  in  Latin 
by  i he  Present, 

Separative  Ablative  after  a  verb  of  Removal. 

Dum,  so  long  as,  in  past  relations  commonly  takes  the 
Perf.  Ind. 

Reciprocal  relation  is  expressed  byinter  se, inter  nos,&c. 

A  verb  that  takes  the  Dative  cannot  take  the  Passive 
except  in  an  impersonal  form :  Mihi  invidetur,  1 
am  envied,  not  invideor  (poetic). 

A  negative  is  involved  :  hence,  quidquam- 

The  Subj.  is  used  in  clauses  which  are  complementary 
to  the  Subjunctive  or  Infinitive. 

A  predicative  adjective  is  often  used  instead  of  an  ad¬ 
verbial  phrase.  See  Vocabulary  s.  v.  absence. 

See  No.  27. 

See  No.  14. 

See  No.  126. 

See  No.  70. 

The  Perfect  Participle  is  sometimes  found  where  we 
should  expect  a  Present. 

See  No.  38. 

Singular  tor  Plural,  collectiv  ly. 

See  No.  24. 

See  No.  3. 

See  No.  42. 

Memini  of  personal  recollection  usually  takes  the 
Present  Inf. 

The  Imperative  is  represented  in  Indirect  Speech  by  the 
Subjunctive. 

The  indefinite  antecedent  is  commonly  omitted. 

In  Latin  the  plural  of  abstract  nouns  occurs  more  fre¬ 
quently  than  in  English.  Here  the  singular  may  be 
used  as  well. 

The  Reflexive  is  used  of  the  principal  subject  in  de¬ 
pendent  sentences  of  design. 

See  No.  3. 

Primus  the  first,  primum  for  the  first  time,  primo  at 

A  common  surname  is  put  in  the  plural  or  repeated  with 
_each  praenoinen. 

Ne-quidem,  not  even ,  strengthens  a  preceding  negative. 

Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Discourse. 

Is  does  not  represent  a  noun  before  the  Genitive.  Omit. 

Ablative  Absolute. 

See  No.  9. 

After  prepositions  the  Gerund  and  not  the  Infinitive  is 
employed. 

See  No.  4. 

The  possession  of  qualities  is  expressed  by  in  aliaud 
esse  (not  alicul  esse)  or  habere. 

Subjunctive  of  Characteristic. 


E.  B. 

PAGE 

93 


94 


95 

90 


97 


98 


99 


100 


101 


102 

103 


100 


107 

109 

110 

112 

113 


114 


115 

110 

117 


118 


SUMMARY  OF  REFERENCES. 


Ib3 


O.  E. 

N.  E. 

SEC. 

SEC. 

360,  R.  2 

362,  R. 2 

58. 

448,  R.  2 

449,  R.  2 

50. 

199,  R.  1 

208,2 

60. 

445 

446 

61. 

486 

484 

349,  R.  4 

349,  R.  4 

324,  R.  6 

325,  R.  6 

548 

548 

62. 

370,  R.  2 

371,  R. 

63. 

461 

459 

61. 

381,  R.  2 

381, N.  2 

65. 

579 

577 

06. 

195,  R.  6 

204,  N.  6 

67. 

344,  R.  1 

345,  R.  2 

68. 

208 

217 

69. 

483 

481 

70. 

221 

230 

497 

495 

71. 

478 

476 

72. 

401,  R. 

399,  N.  1 

73. 

478 

291 

306 

74. 

301 

314 

75. 

447 

448 

76. 

195,  R.  8 

204,  N.  8 

195,  R.  8 

204,  N.  8 

612 

610 

286,  R.  1 

290,  R.  1 

244 

252 

199,  R.  1 

208,2 

489 

487 

77. 

195,  R.  5 

204,  N.  5 

78. 

312 

297 

79. 

357,  R.  2 

360,  R.  2 

80. 

375,  R.  1 

376,  R.  1 

81. 

363 

364 

82. 

350 

356 

83. 

305 

318 

246,  R.  1 

254,  R.  1 

646 

643 

84. 

424.  R.  3 

423, R.  5 

85. 

317 

303 

86. 

618 

616 

87. 

292 

307 

88. 

290 

305 

89. 

349.  R.  4 

349,  R.  4 

448,  R.  v 

449,  R.  2 

350 

356  . 

2)9 

218 

539 

539 

90. 

243 

251 

91. 

195,  R.  8 

204,  N. 8 

486 

484 

219 

219 

92. 

199.  R.  1 

208,2 

651,  R.  1 

648, R.  2 

93. 

So-called  Genitive  of  the  Author. 

A  negative  expression  is  often  preferred  to  a  positive, 
in  order  to  enhance  the  effect  (Litotes,  understate¬ 
ment). 

Impersonal s  are  freely  formed  from  passives. 

The  Latin  requires  no  one  ever. 

See  No.  24. 

8ee  No.  50. 

See  No.  41. 

Verbs  of  Forbidding  take  ne  with  the  Subjunctive. 
Uterque  is  commonly  used  as  a  Substantive  with  pro¬ 
nouns,  lienee,  uterque  nostrum. 

Or  not  in  a  dependent  question  is  commonly  necne- 
Mea,  etc  ,  can  not  have  apposition.  Use  the  relative. 
Antequam  and  priusquam  more  commonly  have  the 
Subj.  after  positive  sentences. 

Plural,  because  logs. 

Ad,  because  ol  the  motion  involved. 

Impersonal  Passive  with  Dative.  See  No.  38. 

Et  is  either  omitted  throughout  or  inserted  throughout. 
See  No.  34. 

-Ve.  a  weaker  form  of  vel. 

-Que  complements. 

Adverbial  Ablative. 

See  No.  72. 

Demonstrative  of  Second  Person. 

Some  or  other  =  aliquis. 

The  negative  immediately  precedes  the  emphatic  word 
or  group. 

See  No.  43. 

See  No.  43. 

See  No.  29. 

See  No.  1. 

See  E.  B.,  p.  162. 

See  No.  60. 

Vero  is  generally  put  in  the  second  place. 

Pluralizing  abstracts  makes  them  concrete. 

The  comparative  is  often  to  be  measured  by  the  proper 
standard. 

Abstract  with  the  Genitive  often  corresponds  to  English 
adjective  and  substantive. 

Neuter  Accusativi  s  are  used  adverbially  with  Verbs  of 
Memory. 

The  Objective  Genitive  commonly  takes  the  substantive 
and  not  the  possessive  form  of  the  personal  pronouns. 
Double  Dative. 

Better :  to  each  man  according  to  his  bravery. 

See  No.  7. 

Atque  is  used  after  Adjectives  and  Adverbs  of  Like¬ 
ness  and  Unlikeness. 

Verbs  of  Hope  take  the  Fut.  Inf.,  as  a  rule. 

A  common  way  of  heightening  a  superlative. 

The  apposition  is  often  taken  up  into  the  Relative 
clause  :  a  tree  which  becomes  which  tree. 

Ille,  of  the  future. 

Hie  of  the  present. 

See  No.  56. 

See  No.  59. 

See  No.  83. 

See  No.  10. 

Quod  after  Verbs  of  Emotion,  takes  the  Subj.  in  Indi¬ 
rect  Discourse. 

Gerundive. 

See  No.  43. 

See  No.  24. 

The  Passive  of  an  action  which  one  causes  to  be  done 
to  one-self. 

See  No.  60. 

Ajo  is  used  either  as  a  lea  ling  verb  or  parenthetically. 


184 


SUMMARY  OF  REFERENCES, 


E.  B.  O.  E.  N.  E. 


PAGE  J 

SEC. 

SEC. 

118 

448,  R.  2 

4^ 

zp 

cv 

to 

612 

610 

304,  R.  2 

317,  2.N.  2 

94. 

119 

212 

221 

331,  R.  2 

333, 1 

95. 

612 

610 

496 

494 

96. 

634 

631,2 

120 

467 

465 

97. 

371 

369 

98. 

353 

355 

99. 

121 

221 

230 

350 

356 

122 

589 

588 

100. 

371 

369 

101. 

390 

406 

102. 

444 

445 

103. 

365,  R.  1 

366,  R.  1 

104. 

124 

631 

629 

125 

625 

623 

105. 

627 

626 

106. 

127 

393 

394 

107. 

365,  R.  1 

366,  R.  1 

108. 

250 

257 

109. 

128 

236,  R.  2 

244,  R.  2 

634 

631,2 

551,  R.  3 

555,  R.  3 

110. 

129 

208 

217 

131 

510,  R.  1 

541,  N.  2 

111. 

208 

217 

365,  R.  1 

366,  R.  1 

132 

546,  R.  2 

546,  R.  2 

112. 

623 

621 

199,  R.  1 

208,2 

133 

346,  R.  3 

546,  R.  3 

113. 

134 

639 

636 

114. 

512,  R.  2 

512,  R.  2 

115. 

221 

230 

135 

566 

563,  2 

116. 

626 

624 

117. 

311,  R.  4 

296,  R.  4 

118. 

252 

258 

119. 

136 

353 

355 

120. 

302 

314 

121. 

400 

403 

122. 

312 

297 

137 

371 

369 

138 

462,  2 

460,  1,  b. 

123. 

515,  R.  3 

515,  R.  3 

124. 

528 

528 

125. 

548 

548 

Sec  No.  59. 

See  No.  29. 

Nullus  is  used  idiomatically  for  non. 

See  No.  37. 

The  Cognate  Accusative  often  appears  as  a  Neutei 
Pronoun.  To  ask  (his  thing  =  to  ask  this  question. 

See  No.  29. 

Vel—  vel  gives  a  choice. 

See  No.  57. 

Deliberative  Subjunctive. 

Partitive  Genitive. 

Gerundive. 

See  No.  34. 

See  No.  83. 

Cum  is  frequently  combined  with  turn.  More  weight 
is  thrown  on  the  second  member. 

Partitive  Genitive. 

Opus  est- 

The  negative  maybe  subdivided  by  neque— neque  or 
by  aut— aut- 

Gen.  of  Property. 

See  No.  40. 

Iterative  Action  in  the  Present  is  expressed  by  the 
Perfect  Indicative  in  the  dependent  clause  with  the 
Present  Indicative  in  the  leading  clause. 

QuI  =  is  enim.  takes  the  Indicative. 

In  with  the  Abl.  =  in  time  of 

Genitive  of  Possession  in  the  Predicate. 

Potential  Subjunctive. 

See  No.  9. 

See  No.  57. 

Non  dubitare,  with  the  Inf.  ordinarily  =  not  to  hesi¬ 
tate. 

See  No.  38. 

Non  quod  commonly  takes  the  Subjunctive. 

See  No.  38. 

See  No.  108. 

When  Verbs  of  Will  and  Desire  become  Verbs  of  Say¬ 
ing  and  Thinking,  they  take  the  Acc.  and  Inf. 

See  No.  46. 

See  No.  60. 

When  the  idea  of  Wishing  is  emphatic,  the  simple 

.  Subj.  suffices. 

Relative  clauses  are  comparatively  seldom  coupled  by 
et  and  -que. 

The  Pure  Perf.  Ind.  is  more  commonly  followed  by  the 
Imperf.  than  by  the  Present  Subjunctive. 

See  No.  34. 

Of  a  definite  interval  postquam  usually  takes  the 
Pluperfect. 

The  Relative  construction  is  often  used  to  mark  the 
temporary,  transient  relation. 

After  plus,  amplius.  and  the  like,  quam  may  be 
omitted  without  affecting  the  construction. 

The  Potential  of  the  Past  is  the  Imperf.  Subj.  generally 
in  the  Ideal  Second  Person.  It  is  not  changed  in 
sequence. 

Gerundive. 

Quis  fainter  than  aliquis  ;  often  used  after  Relative 

forms,  as,  cum  quis. 

Ablative  of  Measure  of  Difference 

See  No.  79. 

See  No.  98. 

Si.  if ,  is  frequently  used  after  Verbs  and  Phrases  im¬ 
plying  trial. 

After  Verbs  implying  Hope,  etc.,  the  Periphrastic 
Subj.  is  not  necessary. 

Give  a  Passive  turn-  A  few  things  seem  and  Gerundive. 

See  No.  62. 


SUMMARY  OF  REFERENCES, 


1  Sf) 


E.  B. 

1*  A  (t  K 

138 


139 


140 

141 

142 

143 

144 

145 

146 
117 

148 

149 

ro 

151 


152 

154 


155 


157 


O.  E. 

SEC. 

569 

512,  R.  2 
234,  R.  1 

348 

634 

221 

212 

234,  R.  1 
593 

236,  R.  2 
569 
239 

599,  R.  1 
239 

240,  R.  1 

639 

515 

633 
569 

634 

246.  R.  1 
239 

345,  R.  1 
368.  R.  2 

3S7 

293,  R.  3 
365,  R.  1 
484,  2 
625 

304,  R.  2 
543.  R.  4 
459 
437 

592, R.  1 
195,  R.  4 
517 

3)1 

384,  R. 
446 
379 
317 

547-551 


350 

363 

441 

515 

634 

375,  R.  1 
236.  R.  2 
612 


N.  E. 

SEC. 

567 

512,  R.  2 
242,  R.  1 

348 
631,  2 
230 
221 

242.  R.  1 

592 

244.  R.  2 
567 
247 

597,  R.  1 
247 

248, R.  2 

636 

515 

631. 1 
567 

631.2 
254,  R.  1 

247 

346,  N.  3 
370,  R.  2 

389 

308,  R,  3 
366,  R.  1 
482,4 
623 

317.  2,  N.  2 
543,  4 

444.2 
436 

591,  R.  1 
204,  N.  4 
517 

317 

385,  R. 

447 
380,  1 
303 

1 547-549  > 
\  554-555 > 

356 

364 

440 

515 

631.2 
376,  R.  1 
244,  R.  2 

610 


126. 

127. 


128. 


129. 

130. 


131. 

132. 

133. 

134. 


135. 

136. 


137. 


138. 

139. 

140. 

141. 

142. 

143. 


144. 

145. 

146. 

147. 


148. 


645,  R.  5 

642, R.  5 

149. 

630,  R.  1 

628,  R.  (a) 

150. 

462  2 
657,  R. 

460,  1,  (b) 
654,  N. 

151. 

527,  R.  3 

527,  R.  3 

152. 

315.  R. 

300,  R. 

153. 

663,  3 

660,3 

154. 

See  No.  105. 

See  No.  115. 

The  Future  is  used  with  more  exactness  in  Latin  than 
in  English. 

Bat,,  and  Accus.  or  Acc.  and  Abl. 

See  No.  57. 

See  No.  34. 

See  No.  37. 

See  No.  126. 

Sin  minus. 

See  No.  9. 

See  No.  105. 

Periphrastic  Active. 

The  imp!'.  Subj.  is  sometimes  used  in  opposition  to  the 
past. 

See  No.  129. 

Urgere  has  no  Supine  ;  hence  the  Periphrasis  is  ne¬ 
cessary. 

Who  but  who  is  not  Latin.  Omit  but. 

Periphrastic  Tense  representing  Future  in  a  Subj.  re 
lation. 

Subj.  of  Character. 

See  No.  105. 

See  No.  57. 

See  No.  7. 

See  No.  129. 

Deficere  takes  the  Accus. 

Where  there  is  no  partition  the  Genitive  must  not  be 
used. 

See  No.  22. 

See  No.  53. 

See  No.  108. 

Ut— ita  used  adversatively. 

See  No.  105. 

See  No.  94. 

The  sentence  is  final  :  hence  ne  quid. 

Ne  is  continued  by  neve  (neu). 

Supine  in  -u. 

Literally  :  if  merchants  were  not. 

Res  is  better  when  the  gender  is  doubtful. 

The  conditional  Imperfect  Subj.  attracts  its  dependen¬ 
cies  into  the  Imperfect. 

See  No.  39. 

So  Verbs  of  Placing  with  in  and  Abl. 

Say  not  is  usually  riego 
Genitive  of  Value. 

See  No.  86. 

Verbs  of  Hindering  take  ne  or  quouiinus ;  some  the 
Inf.  In  order  that  they  should  take  quin  a  negative 
must  precede. 

See  No.  83. 

See  No.  82. 

Separation  of  adverb  from  verb  gives  stress. 

See  No.  133 

See  No.  57,  also  0  0- 

See  No.  95. 

See  No.  9. 

See  No.  29. 

Quam  gratissimuni  facere. 

Explanations  of  the  narrator  are  put  in  the  Indica¬ 
tive. 

See  No.  123. 

As  if  a  Princioal  Tense  preceded  :  Repraesenta- 
tio. 

The  Reflexive  Subject  is  not  unfrequently  omitted  in 

6.  o. 

Which  of  two  =  uter. 

Nunc  becomes  tum  in  0-  O. 


SUMMARY  OF  REFERENCES, 


ISO 


E.  B. 

O.  E. 

N.  E. 

PAGE 

SEC. 

SEC. 

158 

333,  R,  1 

339, 3,  N.  4 

155.  Passive  Verb  of  Teaching  with  Accus.  of  the  Thing. 

208 

217 

See  No.  38. 

632 

630 

156.  Relative  of  Purpose  with  Subj. 

160 

304 

317 

See  No.  39. 

429,  R.  2 

428,  R.  2 

157.  The  Genitive  of  the  Gerundive  with  esse  signifies 

serves  to.  amounts  to. 

162 

306 

319 

158.  One  of  the  two  =  alter- 

667,  R.  1 

664,  R.  1 

See  No.  30. 

163 

444 

445 

See  No.  53 

PARALLEL  REFERENCES  OF  THE  OLD 

NEW  EDITIONS. 


OLD 

NEW 

OLD 

NEW 

OLD 

NEW 

1-7 

1-7 

70 

64 

149,  150  129 

8 

10 

71,  72 

65 

151 

131 

9 

11 

73 

65, r.  1  and  2. 

152 

133 

10 

12,i  and  2 

74 

67,  68 

153 

134 

11 

13 

75 

69 

154 

135 

12 

14 

76 

70 

155 

121, r. 

13 

12,3 

77 

68 

156 

136 

14 

15 

78 

67 

157-181 

137-162 

15 

16 

79 

68 

182 

167 

16 

17  • 

80 

71 

183 

168 

17 

18 

81 

72 

184 

169,i 

18 

19 

82 

78 

185 

169,2,  170 

19 

20 

83 

82 

186 

171 

20 

21 

84 

80 

187 

172 

21 

23 

85,1-3 

82 

188 

173 

*  22 

24,2 

85,4 

83,n.1  and  2. 

189 

174 

23 

24,i 

86 

86 

190 

175 

24 

25 

87 

89 

191 

130,  131 

25 

26 

88 

87 

192 

201 

26,i 

26, R. 

89 

90 

193 

202 

26.2 

28 

90 

91 

194 

203 

27 

29 

90,i 

91, 2, & 

194, r. 2 

201,  R.  2 

28 

30 

90,2 

92,i 

195 

204 

29 

31,  33 

90,3 

91, 2, c 

196 

205 

30 

34 

90,4 

91, 1, c 

197 

206 

31 

81,  33 

91 

93 

198 

207 

32 

32,2,  74 

92 

95 

199 

208 

33,  34 

73 

93 

94 

200 

209 

35 

76 

94 

96 

201 

210 

36,  37 

35 

95 

97 

202 

211 

38,  39 

36 

96 

98 

203 

212 

40 

39 

97 

99 

204 

213 

41 

40 

98 

100 

205 

214 

42 

41 

99 

101 

206 

215 

43 

42 

100 

102 

207 

216 

44 

43 

101 

103 

208 

217 

45 

44 

102 

104 

209 

218 

45,  R. 

44, n. 

103 

105 

210 

219 

46 

44,2 

104 

106 

211 

220 

47 

46 

105 

107 

212 

221 

48 

47 

106 

109 

213 

222 

49 

48 

107 

110 

214 

223 

50 

49 

108 

111 

215 

224 

51 

50 

109 

112,i-4 

216 

225 

52 

51 

110 

112,5 

217 

226 

53 

52  * 

111 

114 

218 

227 

54 

52,6 

112 

116 

219 

228 

54,  r. 

54 

113 

117 

220 

229 

55 

53,i-6 

114 

118 

221 

230  • 

56 

53,7  and  8 

115 

119 

222 

231 

57 

55 

116-118 

120 

223 

232 

58,  59 

56 

119-122 

122 

224 

233 

60 

57 

123-126 

123 

225,  226 

234 

61 

58 

127,129,130  124 

227 

235 

62 

59 

128 

135, 1. « 

228 

236 

63-66 

60 

131-134 

125 

229 

237 

67 

61 

135-138 

127 

230 

238 

68 

62 

139,  140 

126 

231 

239 

69 

63 

141-148 

128 

232 

240 

I  88  PARALLEL  REFERENCES. 


OLD 

NEW 

233 

241 

234 

242 

235 

243 

236 

244 

237 

245 

238 

246 

239 

247 

240 

248 

241 

249 

242 

250 

243 

251 

244 

252 

245 

253 

246 

254 

247 

255 

248 

256,i 

249 

256,2 

250 

257 

251 

259 

252 

258 

252,  R.i 

257, n. 2  and  3 

and 

3 

253 

260 

254 

261 

255 

262 

256 

263 

257 

264 

258 

265 

259 

266 

260 

267 

261 

268,i 

262 

268,2 

263 

270 

264 

271 

265 

272,i 

266 

272,2 

266,  R.3 

272,3 

267 

263, 2,  a 

268 

273 

269 

275 

270 

276 

271 

277 

272 

278 

273 

279 

274 

280,i 

275 

280,2 

276 

281 

277 

281,i  and  2 

278 

282 

279 

283 

280 

284 

281 

285 

282 

286 

283 

287 

284 

288 

285 

289 

286 

290 

287 

291,i 

288 

291,2 

289 

omitted 

290 

305 

291 

306 

292 

307 

293 

308 

294 

309 

295 

309,i  and  2 

296 

310 

297 

311,i 

298 

311,2 

299 

312 

300 

313 

OLD 

NEW 

301 

314 

302 

314 

303 

316 

304 

317 

305 

318 

306 

319 

307 

292 

308 

293 

309 

294 

310 

295 

311 

296 

312 

297 

313 

298 

314 

299 

315 

300 

316 

302 

317 

303 

318 

320 

319 

321 

320 

322 

321 

323 

322 

349,  R.5 

323 

324 

324 

325 

325 

326 

326 

327 

327 

328 

328 

329 

329 

330 

330 

331 

331 

332,  333,2 

331,  R.  2 

333,i 

331, R.3 

334 

331,  R.  4 

333,2,n.4 

332 

338 

333 

339 

334 

340 

335 

335 

336 

335, R.i 

337 

336 

338 

336, R. 4 

339 

343 

340 

343,i 

341 

343,2 

342 

omitted 

343 

344 

343, r.  2 

350,i 

344 

345 

344,  r.  3 

358 

345 

346 

346 

347 

347 

346, n.2 

348 

348 

349 

349 

350 

356 

351 

351 

352 

354 

353 

355 

354 

353 

355 

357 

356 

359 

357 

360,i 

358 

360,2 

359 

361 

360 

362 

361 

363 

362 

304,2  ;  364, n 

363 

364 

364 

365 

365 

366 

366 

367 

OLD 

NEW 

367 

368 

368 

370 

369 

371 

370 

372 

371 

369 

372 

373 

373 

374 

374 

375 

375 

376 

376 

377 

377 

378 

378 

379 

379 

380,i 

380 

380,2 

381,  382  381,  382 

383 

384 

384 

385 

385 

387 

386 

388 

387 

389 

388 

390 

389 

405 

390 

406 

391 

392 

392 

393 

393 

394. 

394 

omitted 

395,  396  395,  396 

397,  398  397,  402 

399 

398 

400 

403 

401 

399 

402 

400 

403 

401 

404 

404 

405 

407 

406 

408, n.7 

407 

408 

408 

409 

409 

410 

410 

337 

411 

391 

412 

386,  411 

413 

412 

414 

413 

415 

413, r.«  and 

416 

414 

416, R. 

415 

417 

416 

418 

417 

419 

418 

420 

419 

421 

420 

422 

421 

423 

422 

424 

423 

425  , 

424 

426 

425 

427 

426 

428 

427 

429 

428 

430 

429 

431 

430 

432 

431 

433 

432 

434 

433 

435 

434 

436 

435 

437 

436 

438 

437 

439 

438 

PARALLEL  REFERENCES. 


OLD 

NEW 

OLD 

NEW 

OLD 

NEW 

440 

439 

509 

508 

615 

613 

441 

440 

510-518 

510-518 

616 

614 

442 

441 

518, Ex. 

518 

617 

615 

443,i 

442 

519-549 

519-549 

618 

616 

443,2 

443 

550 

554 

618, r. 

616,i,n.2 

444 

445 

551 

555 

619 

617 

445 

446 

552 

550 

620 

618 

446 

447 

553 

551 

621 

619 

447 

448 

554 

552 

625 

620 

448 

449 

555 

553 

623 

621 

449 

444,i 

556 

552 

624 

622 

450 

444,2 

557 

553,x 

625 

623 

451 

450 

558 

553,3  and  4 

626 

624 

452 

451 

559 

557 

627 

626 

453 

452,i 

560 

558 

628 

625,2 

454 

452,2 

561 

559 

629 

627 

455 

453 

562 

560 

630 

628 

456 

454 

563 

561 

631 

629 

457 

455 

564 

562 

632 

630 

458 

456 

565 

563,i 

633 

631,i 

459 

457,i 

566 

563, 2 

634 

631,2 

459,  R. 

457,2 

567 

564 

635 

632 

460 

458 

568 

566 

636 

633 

461 

459 

569 

567 

637 

634 

462 

460 

570 

568 

638 

635 

463 

461 

571 

569 

639 

636 

464 

462 

572 

570 

640 

637 

465 

463 

573 

571 

641 

638 

466 

464 

574 

572 

642 

639 

467 

465 

575 

573 

643 

640 

468 

466 

576 

574 

644 

641 

469 

467 

577 

575 

645 

642 

470 

468 

578 

576 

646 

643 

471 

469 

579 

577 

647 

644 

472 

470 

580 

578 

648 

645 

473 

471 

581 

579 

649 

646 

474 

472 

581,  r. 

581 

650 

647 

475 

473 

582 

580 

651 

648 

476 

474 

583 

582 

652 

649 

477 

475 

584 

583 

653 

650 

478 

476 

585 

584 

654 

651 

479 

477 

586 

585 

655 

652 

480 

478 

587 

586 

656 

653 

481 

479 

588 

587 

657 

654 

482 

480 

589 

588 

658 

655 

483 

481 

590 

589 

659 

656 

484 

482 

591 

590 

660 

657 

485 

483 

592 

591 

661 

658 

486 

484 

593 

592 

662 

659 

487 

485 

594 

593 

663 

660 

488 

486 

595 

590,  N.l 

664 

661 

489 

487 

596 

594 

665 

662 

490 

483 

597 

595 

666 

663,i 

491 

489 

598 

596, 1 

666,  r.  1 

663,  e 

492 

490 

599 

597 

667 

664 

493 

491 

599, r.  3 

596,2  ;  597, R. 3 

668 

665 

494 

492 

600 

598 

669 

666 

495 

493 

601 

599 

670 

667 

496 

494 

602 

600 

671 

668 

497 

495 

603 

601 

672 

669 

498 

496,i 

604 

602 

673 

670 

499 

496,2 

605 

603 

674 

671 

500 

498 

606 

601 

675 

672 

501 

499 

607 

605 

676 

674 

502 

500 

608 

606 

677 

675 

503 

501 

609 

607 

678 

676 

504 

502 

610 

608 

679 

677 

505 

504 

611 

609 

680 

678 

506 

505 

612 

610 

681 

679 

507 

506 

613 

611 

682 

680 

508 

507 

614 

612 

683 

681 

I89 


PARALLEL  REFERENCES 


190 


OLD 

NEW 

OLD 

NEW 

OLD 

NEW 

681* 

682 

724 

730 

761 

784 

685 

684 

725 

731 

762 

785 

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685 

726 

732 

763 

777,  780,  78: 

687 

omitted 

727 

•  733 

764 

790-793 

688-692 

688-692 

728 

734 

765 

794-796 

693 

696 

729 

735,  739 

766 

797 

694 

697 

730 

736 

767 

798 

695 

698 

731 

737 

768 

799 

696 

699 

• 

732 

738 

769 

800 

697 

700 

733 

740 

770 

801-805 

698 

701 

734 

741 

771 

806-814 

699 

702 

735 

742 

772 

815 

700 

703 

736 

743 

773 

823,19 

701 

704 

737 

744 

774 

818 

702 

705 

738 

745 

775 

820 

703 

706 

739 

746 

776 

821 

704 

707 

740 

748 

777 

756 

705 

708 

741 

749 

778 

826 

706 

709 

742 

750 

779 

827 

707 

710 

743 

752 

780 

176 

708 

711 

744 

753 

781 

177 

709 

712 

745 

754 

782 

178 

710 

713 

746 

768 

783 

179 

711 

714 

747  . 

774,  773,  772,  791 

784 

180 

712 

715 

748 

769 

785,  786 

184-189 

713 

718 

749 

770 

787 

191 

714 

719,  720 

750,  751 

757 

788 

192 

715 

721 

752 

765 

789 

193 

716 

722 

753 

763 

790 

194,  195 

717 

723 

754 

760-762 

791 

194, n. 

718 

724 

755 

764 

792 

199 

719 

725 

• 

756 

758 

793,  794 

200 

720 

726 

757 

759 

795 

196 

721 

727 

758 

783 

796 

197,2  ;  JOg 

722 

703,  R.  3 

759 

789 

797 

197,i 

723 

729 

760 

788,  787,  786 

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